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Plastics in Packaging
Scott H. Boyle
Brian D’Amico
Janine Horn
Mark Przybylski
What Will be Discussed
 Definition of a plastic.
 Overview of the packaging industry.
 Why plastics are used in packaging.
 A detailed look at the different types of
plastics used in packaging.
 How plastics compare to alternative
materials.
 Environmental Impacts
What is a Plastic?
 A plastic is defined as an organic material that has
the ability to flow into a desired shape when heat
and pressure are applied and to retain that shape
when they are withdrawn.
 Composed primarily of a binder with-
• Plasticizers
• Fillers
• Pigments
• Other additives
Industry Overview
 World sales of primary packaging materials
estimated to be $434 billion in 2001.
• Up 12.5% from $385 billion in 1997.
 World sales of finished packaging materials is
estimated to be $800 billion.
 Four main categories of raw packaging materials:
• Paper and Board
• Glass
• Metal
• Plastic
 Over the past few years, plastic has become
increasingly popular.
Why Plastics?
 A wide variety of different qualities-
– Rigid vs. Flexible
– Clear vs. Opaque
 Lightweight
 Strong
 Cost
Which Plastics are Used?
 Six resins account for almost 97 percent of
all plastic used in packaging.
 Polyethylene terephthalate (PET) – 9%
 High-density polyethylene (HDPE) – 29%
 Low-density polyethylene (LDPE) – 32%
 Poly-vinyl chloride (PVC) – 5%
 Poly-propylene (PP) – 11%
 Polystyrene (PS) – 11%
Polypropylene
 Physical Properties
– Durable
 High elongation
– 300%
 High Tensile Strength
– 4500 psi
 High Yield Strength
– 4000 psi
– High Melting point
– Low Density
 Lowest density of all plastics used in packaging
Why Polypropylene?
 Practicality
– Inexpensive
– Chemically resistant
– Ideal for holding hot liquids
– Stretchy vs. rigid
 Many everyday uses
– Ketchup bottles
– Peanut butter jars
Polyvinyl Chloride
 Need Title
 Chemically non-reactive
 Flexible vs. Rigid
 Self Extinguishing
 Plasticized vs. Unplasticized
– Plasticized is more flexible
Why PVC
 Versatile
– Can be machined with standard metal working tools
 Self Extinguishing
– Used to house electrical wiring
 Many forms
– Sheet
– Tubing
– Piping
Polyvinylidene Dichloride
 Discovered in 1933
– Accidental Discovery
– Original use was to stop corrosion on airplanes
– After a green color and a pungent smell had
been removed it was used for food storage.
 Most common form of PVDC is Saran
Wrap®
Why PVDC
 PVDC is a very effective food preservation
method.
– Co-polymerization used in synthesis creates a
very tight molecular chain
 Provides good barrier against air and moisture.
 Chemically non-reactive
– Ensures that food won’t taste like plastic
Plastic vs. The Alternatives
Stress Strengths
100
550
30
1000
50
100
19 25
0
200
400
600
800
1000
St ress St rengt h
( M Pa)
Aluminum
Alloy
Glass Wood
(Oak)
Plastic
(PE)
M at erial
Stress Strengths of Packaging Materials
Minimum
Maximum
Plastic vs. The Alternatives
 Incredibly lightweight
 2 lbs of plastic can deliver 1000 oz. of liquid. To
carry the same amount it would take:
• 3 lbs of aluminum
• 8 lbs of steel
• 27 lbs of glass
 Compared to glass, plastic drink bottles allow a
distribution truck to carry up to 63% more drink and
83% less packaging.
 Compared to paper, 7 trucks are needed to deliver
the same quantity of paper bags contained in one
truckload of plastic bags.
Plastic vs. The Alternatives
 Cost
 As of mid-2000, PET was selling for app. $.62/lb.
 Around the same time, aluminum alloy was selling
for app. $1.28/lb.
– Plastic reduces distribution costs-
• Decrease in necessary truckloads
• Fuel savings
– Reduces lost inventory costs.
Plastic vs. The Alternatives
 Environment Impact
 Plastics are recycled less frequently than glass and
aluminum.
 Plastics are not biodegradable.
Plastic vs. The Alternatives
 Environmental Impact
 Plastic also has a positive impact on the
environment. Consider the following fact:
– When comparing the manufacturing processes of
polystyrene and paper cups, it was found the the paper
cups use:
• 15 times more chemicals.
• More than 6 times more steam.
• 13 times more electricity.
• 30% more cooling water.
• 170 times more process water.
 The lightweight nature of plastics results in fewer
truckloads and less fuel usage.
Recycle (cont.)
 Recycling process
– Collection
– Sorting
– Reclamation
Recycle (cont.)
 Benefits
– Less landfill waste
– Environmentally friendly
Recycle
 Statistics
– >80% of all US households have access to plastic
collection and recycling programs
– In 1998 plastic bottle packaging amassed 1.45 billion
pounds by volume
 Commonly recycled plastics
– Plastic Grocery Bags
– Plastic Milk Jugs and Detergent Bottles
– Plastic Beverage Containers
Reuse (cont.)
 Good Examples
– Large reusable containers
 Small packages of concentrated product are bought
and diluted to large container
 Reduces product packaging cost, landfill space
– Reusable Plastic Shipping Containers (RPSC’s)
 Replaces single use containers
 Reduces shipping/receiving costs, landfill space
Reusing and Recycling Plastic
Packaging
 Reuse
– Statistics
– Commonly reused plastic packaging
– Benefits
– Good Examples
 Recycle
– Statistics
– Commonly recycled plastic packaging
– Recycling Process
– Benefits
Reuse
 Statistic
– A 1997 survey found 80% of Americans reuse
plastic products and packaging
 Common Reusable Packaging
– Plastic Grocery Bags
– Plastic Milk Jugs and Detergent Bottles
– Plastic Beverage Containers
Reuse (cont.)
 Benefits
– Good Properties
 Long lasting
 Durable
 Chemically inert
– Delays filling of landfills
– Lowers cost of garbage disposal
In Summary
 Plastics
– Lighter …..…………………………….
– Cheaper …………...
– More Durable ………………………
Questions???
PlasticsPackaging.ppt

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PlasticsPackaging.ppt

  • 1. Plastics in Packaging Scott H. Boyle Brian D’Amico Janine Horn Mark Przybylski
  • 2. What Will be Discussed  Definition of a plastic.  Overview of the packaging industry.  Why plastics are used in packaging.  A detailed look at the different types of plastics used in packaging.  How plastics compare to alternative materials.  Environmental Impacts
  • 3. What is a Plastic?  A plastic is defined as an organic material that has the ability to flow into a desired shape when heat and pressure are applied and to retain that shape when they are withdrawn.  Composed primarily of a binder with- • Plasticizers • Fillers • Pigments • Other additives
  • 4. Industry Overview  World sales of primary packaging materials estimated to be $434 billion in 2001. • Up 12.5% from $385 billion in 1997.  World sales of finished packaging materials is estimated to be $800 billion.  Four main categories of raw packaging materials: • Paper and Board • Glass • Metal • Plastic  Over the past few years, plastic has become increasingly popular.
  • 5. Why Plastics?  A wide variety of different qualities- – Rigid vs. Flexible – Clear vs. Opaque  Lightweight  Strong  Cost
  • 6. Which Plastics are Used?  Six resins account for almost 97 percent of all plastic used in packaging.  Polyethylene terephthalate (PET) – 9%  High-density polyethylene (HDPE) – 29%  Low-density polyethylene (LDPE) – 32%  Poly-vinyl chloride (PVC) – 5%  Poly-propylene (PP) – 11%  Polystyrene (PS) – 11%
  • 7. Polypropylene  Physical Properties – Durable  High elongation – 300%  High Tensile Strength – 4500 psi  High Yield Strength – 4000 psi – High Melting point – Low Density  Lowest density of all plastics used in packaging
  • 8. Why Polypropylene?  Practicality – Inexpensive – Chemically resistant – Ideal for holding hot liquids – Stretchy vs. rigid  Many everyday uses – Ketchup bottles – Peanut butter jars
  • 9. Polyvinyl Chloride  Need Title  Chemically non-reactive  Flexible vs. Rigid  Self Extinguishing  Plasticized vs. Unplasticized – Plasticized is more flexible
  • 10. Why PVC  Versatile – Can be machined with standard metal working tools  Self Extinguishing – Used to house electrical wiring  Many forms – Sheet – Tubing – Piping
  • 11. Polyvinylidene Dichloride  Discovered in 1933 – Accidental Discovery – Original use was to stop corrosion on airplanes – After a green color and a pungent smell had been removed it was used for food storage.  Most common form of PVDC is Saran Wrap®
  • 12. Why PVDC  PVDC is a very effective food preservation method. – Co-polymerization used in synthesis creates a very tight molecular chain  Provides good barrier against air and moisture.  Chemically non-reactive – Ensures that food won’t taste like plastic
  • 13. Plastic vs. The Alternatives Stress Strengths 100 550 30 1000 50 100 19 25 0 200 400 600 800 1000 St ress St rengt h ( M Pa) Aluminum Alloy Glass Wood (Oak) Plastic (PE) M at erial Stress Strengths of Packaging Materials Minimum Maximum
  • 14. Plastic vs. The Alternatives  Incredibly lightweight  2 lbs of plastic can deliver 1000 oz. of liquid. To carry the same amount it would take: • 3 lbs of aluminum • 8 lbs of steel • 27 lbs of glass  Compared to glass, plastic drink bottles allow a distribution truck to carry up to 63% more drink and 83% less packaging.  Compared to paper, 7 trucks are needed to deliver the same quantity of paper bags contained in one truckload of plastic bags.
  • 15. Plastic vs. The Alternatives  Cost  As of mid-2000, PET was selling for app. $.62/lb.  Around the same time, aluminum alloy was selling for app. $1.28/lb. – Plastic reduces distribution costs- • Decrease in necessary truckloads • Fuel savings – Reduces lost inventory costs.
  • 16. Plastic vs. The Alternatives  Environment Impact  Plastics are recycled less frequently than glass and aluminum.  Plastics are not biodegradable.
  • 17. Plastic vs. The Alternatives  Environmental Impact  Plastic also has a positive impact on the environment. Consider the following fact: – When comparing the manufacturing processes of polystyrene and paper cups, it was found the the paper cups use: • 15 times more chemicals. • More than 6 times more steam. • 13 times more electricity. • 30% more cooling water. • 170 times more process water.  The lightweight nature of plastics results in fewer truckloads and less fuel usage.
  • 18. Recycle (cont.)  Recycling process – Collection – Sorting – Reclamation
  • 19. Recycle (cont.)  Benefits – Less landfill waste – Environmentally friendly
  • 20. Recycle  Statistics – >80% of all US households have access to plastic collection and recycling programs – In 1998 plastic bottle packaging amassed 1.45 billion pounds by volume  Commonly recycled plastics – Plastic Grocery Bags – Plastic Milk Jugs and Detergent Bottles – Plastic Beverage Containers
  • 21. Reuse (cont.)  Good Examples – Large reusable containers  Small packages of concentrated product are bought and diluted to large container  Reduces product packaging cost, landfill space – Reusable Plastic Shipping Containers (RPSC’s)  Replaces single use containers  Reduces shipping/receiving costs, landfill space
  • 22. Reusing and Recycling Plastic Packaging  Reuse – Statistics – Commonly reused plastic packaging – Benefits – Good Examples  Recycle – Statistics – Commonly recycled plastic packaging – Recycling Process – Benefits
  • 23. Reuse  Statistic – A 1997 survey found 80% of Americans reuse plastic products and packaging  Common Reusable Packaging – Plastic Grocery Bags – Plastic Milk Jugs and Detergent Bottles – Plastic Beverage Containers
  • 24. Reuse (cont.)  Benefits – Good Properties  Long lasting  Durable  Chemically inert – Delays filling of landfills – Lowers cost of garbage disposal
  • 25. In Summary  Plastics – Lighter …..……………………………. – Cheaper …………... – More Durable ………………………