The document discusses gum diseases like gingivitis and periodontitis, explaining that gingivitis is the early reversible stage of inflammation caused by plaque buildup while periodontitis is the more advanced destructive stage involving loss of bone and tissues supporting the teeth. Warning signs of periodontitis are listed along with descriptions of how the disease progresses from early to advanced stages if left untreated.

1. DENTAL SECTION
FOR PATIENT

2. Gum
Diseases
Dr. Sherif Tehemar

3. Gum Diseases
• pink or coral pink color, (normal
variations in color depend on race
and complexion)
• firm, resilient tissues
• 'orange-peel' texture (known as
stippling)
• shape that follows the contour of
the teeth and forms a scalloped
edge
• no areas of redness, swelling or
inflammation
• no bleeding during daily plaque
removal
• no discomfort

4. Gum Diseases
• Gingivitis is inflammation of the gum
tissue.
• The gums are irritated and swollen
due to a plaque or calculus (tartar)
buildup along the gumline.
• The gums may be sore, bleed
easily and appear puffy, soft and
swollen.
• Bleeding gum is one of the earliest
and most common signs of
gingivitis.
• The good news about gingivitis is
that it is preventable and reversible
through good brushing and flossing
techniques (or other interdental
tooth cleansing).

5. Gum Diseases
• Periodontal disease is destruction of bone and the
structures supporting the teeth.
• Eight Warning Signs of Periodontal Disease:
– gums that bleed when you brush or floss your
teeth
– gums that are red, swollen or tender
– gums that have pulled away from teeth
– infection including purulence(pus) between the
teeth and gums when the gums are pressed
– permanent teeth that are loose or separating
– any changes in the way your teeth fit together
when you bite
– any changes in the fit of your partial denture
– bad breath
– itchy sensation

6. Gum Diseases
• In the most common form of
periodontitis, plaque (and sometimes
calculus) is found below the gumline.
• The gums may feel irritated, appear
bright red, and bleed easily.
• The ligaments holding the tooth in its
socket break down and the gums pull
away from the teeth, resulting in a
periodontal pocket or space between
the tooth and gum.
• The periodontal pocket deepens and
fills with more bacteria. Supportive
ligaments and bone start to show
damage.

7. Gum Diseases
• When periodontitis progresses to
the advanced stage, the gums
severely recede (pull away from the
tooth ); pockets deepen and may be
filled with pus.
• There may be swelling around the
root and you may experience
sensitivity to hot or cold or feel pain
when brushing your teeth. This is
due to the severely receding gums
exposing the root surface.
• As bone loss increases, your teeth
may lose so much support that they
need to be removed to preserve the
overall health of your mouth.

8. Gum Diseases
• Gum disease is reversible and can be treated
in the early stage only. Regular check-up and
home care is essential to prevent advanced
stages of the disease to occur.
It is scientifically proven that a relation exists
between gum diseases and heart problems so
your regular check-up is mandatory.