1. Computer Project Work
Submit to > Mr. pankaj sir
Leader - Shivam
Group Name –Vaibhav , Rubal , Akhil , Adhweat , Arjun , Naman , Rageshwar Sundram ,
Subhrat , Neeraj , Vansh
Class = IX D
Topic - Computer System – An Overview

2. What is computer
Computer is an electronic device that can perform a variety of operation according to a set of instructions called
program
A computer can be taught of a combination of hardware and software which transforms some data into
information .
Hardware
It refers to the physical part of a computer, the ones that you can touch .
Example > keyboard , monitor etc.
Software
Software refers to the instruction (the program ) that tell the computer what to do. without software , the
computer will not work.
Program
Set of instruction given to computer are called a program.

3. Four Functions of a Computer
Input: the transferring of information into a computer system - for
our purposes this will be accomplished when you, the programmer, type
source code at the keyboard or open a previously typed program.
Processing: the manipulation and control of information within the
computer system. Such manipulations are handled by the Control Unit,
the Arithmetic Logic Unit and Temporary Storage.
Storage: the means by which information can be "permanently" saved
(until such time as you wish to delete it). This usually occurs on a hard
drive, a diskette or a CD.
Output: the displaying of information - for our purposes this will be
accomplished when your program displays information on the monitor
or printed on paper

4. Memory
Memory is a storage brain of the computer , which holds the data during
processing .

5. A Wide Area Network with Satellite Relays of
Microwave Signals

6. Functional Component of a Computer System
Computer systems ranging from a controller in a microwave oven to a
large supercomputer contain components providing five functions. A
typical personal computer has hard, floppy and CD-ROM disks for
storage, memory and CPU chips inside the system unit, a keyboard and
mouse for input, and a display, printer and speakers for output. The
arrows represent the direction information flows between the
functional units.

7. Basic Application
In 1950s , computer were giant , special purpose machines that were used by huge
institutions like government and universities . and they were used for performing
complex numerical task such as calculating the precise of mars or planning the
trajectories of missiles etc .
In 1960s , business world started using computer for commercial purpose . In 1970s
the invention of personal computer revolutionized the world and today computer
are being used in nearly every field of life .
•> Business
•> Communications
•> medicine and health care
•> education and reference
•> science , research and engineering
•> Manufacturing
•> low information by police
•> government
•> military
•> music
•> theatre , films and television
•> computer at home
Some major application of computer are being listed below :

8. Business
> budgeting
> accounting
> billing
> reporting
Medicine
> diagnosis
> monitoring patients
> assisting surgeons
> virtual patients for medical student
Communication
> e-mail
> video conferencing
> chatting
> internet
Education
> project
> computer based training
> informative internet
> virtual classrooms
Science and research
> experimentation
> weather forecasting
> computer aided designing ( CAD )
> computer aided engineering
Manufacturing
> robotics
> computer aided manufacturing ( CAM )
> monitoring pressures and temperature

9. Law enforcement
> information storage
> DNA finger printing
Government
> census work
> economy
> reservation
> income tax processing
Military
> nuclear tests
> trajectory of missiles
> broadcasting
> data storage
Music
> musical instrument digital interface ( MIDI )
> playing variety of musical format
> editing sound
> recording musical notes
Theatre films and tv
> special effects
> visual tricks
> stage lighting
> realistic fantasy
At home
> learning tool
> games
> letters and e-mail
> listing to music
> on small publications

10. Weakness of computer
> lack of decision
> IQ zero
> no heuristics
How to create an E-mail id
E-mail are many types
Example > gmail , ymail , radiff , rocket mail etc.

11. Example > GMAIL
Go to Gmail.com. The first step to creating an
email account with Gmail, Google's free email
service, is to visit Gmail's main site. Type
"gmail.com" into your browser's navigation bar, or,
alternatively, type "Gmail" into your search engine of
choice and click the relevant result
Step 1

12. Click "Create an account." On Gmail's
login screen, look for an account creation
link under the email and password entry
boxes. Click this link to proceed to the
account creation process . Note - if you
already have a Gmail account registered
on your computer (for instance, if a family
member already has his or her own
account), you will need to click on "Manage
accounts on this device," then "add
account," then, finally, "Create an
account."
Step 2

13. Enter your personal information. On the
next page, you'll be asked for your name,
phone number, birthday, and an alternate
email address. Some of this information,
like, for instance, the alternate email
address, is optional.
Step 3

14. Choose an email address and
password. On the same account
creation page, you'll also be asked
to decide on an email address and a
password. The password you choose
must be at least eight characters
long, while your email address must
not already be in use by someone
else. Enter this information in the
appropriate boxes . You'll need to
write your password twice to
confirm its accuracy.
Step 4

15. Verify. Scroll down until you see a picture
containing some distorted numbers and a
photo of a building's address marking. Type
these numbers into the designated box -
doing this ensures that you are human and
not an automated program attempting to
register an email account for
commercial/nefarious purposes . If, for
whatever reason, you don't want to
participate in this verification process, you
may be required to verify via phone late
Step 5
Step 5

16. Agree to the terms of service and
submit. Check the box next to the text
that says "I agree to the Google Terms
of Service and Privacy Policy." This
signifies that you understand and agree
to these documents, which you can
read by clicking on their links. When
you're ready, click "Next step."
Step 6

17. Enjoy your new Gmail account. You're
finished! Click on "Continue to Gmail" to
access your inbox, read your emails,
and write new ones.
Step 7

18. Short Forms & Full Forms
Computer = Commonly Operated Machine Particularly Used in Technical and Educational Research
CPU = Central Processing Unit
RAM = Random Access Memory
ROM = Read Only Memory
PROM = Programmable Read Only Memory
EPROM = Erasable PROM
EEPROM = Electrically EPROM
HDD = Hard Disk Drive
FDD = Floppy Disk Drive
KBD = KeyBoard
I/O = Input & Output
CD = Compact Disk
DVD = Digital Video Disk
SMPS = Switch Mode Power Supply
POST = Power ON Self TestLCD = Liquid Crystal Display
USB = Universal Serial Bus
VGA = Video/Visual Graphic Adapter
LAN = Local Area Network
WAN = Wide Area Network
MAN = Metropolitan Area Network
HLL = High Level Language
LLL = Low Level Language
MIPS = Million of Instruction Per Second
Mbps = Mega Bytes Per second
Kbps = Kilo Bytes per second
HTTP = Hyper Text Templates
WWW = World Wide Web
IP = Internet Protocol

19. ISP = Internet Service Provider
4 Bits = 1 Nibble
8 Bits = 1 Byte
1024 Bytes = 1 Kilo Byte ( KB )
1024 KB = 1 Mega Byte ( MB )
1024 MB = 1 Gyga Byte ( GB )
1024 GB = 1 Tera Byte ( TB )
1024 TB = 1 Peta Byte ( PB )
1024 PB = 1 Exa Byte ( EB )
1024 EB = 1 Zetta Byte ( ZB )
1024 ZB = 1 Yotta Byte ( YB )
BIOS = Basic Input Output System
VDU = Visible Display Unit
LED = Light Embedded Diode

20. Basic characteristics about Computer are:
1. Speed: - As you know computer can work very fast. It takes only few seconds for calculations that we take hours
to complete. You will be surprised to know that computer can perform millions (1,000,000) of instructions and even
more per second.
Therefore, we determine the speed of computer in terms of microsecond (10-6 part of a second) or nanosecond (10 to
the power -9 part of a second). From this you can imagine how fast your compute performs work.
2. Accuracy: - The degree of accuracy of computer is very high and every calculation is performed with the same
accuracy. The accuracy level is 7
determined on the basis of design of computer. The errors in computer are due to human and inaccurate data.
3. Diligence: - A computer is free from tiredness, lack of concentration, fatigue, etc. It can work for hours without
creating any error. If millions of calculations are to be performed, a computer will perform every calculation with the
same accuracy. Due to this capability it overpowers human being in routine type of work.
4. Versatility: - It means the capacity to perform completely different type of work. You may use your computer to
prepare payroll slips. Next moment you may use it for inventory management or to prepare electric bills.
5. Power of Remembering: - computer has the power of storing any amount of information or data. Any
information can be stored and recalled as long as you require it, for any numbers of years. It depends entirely upon you
how much data you want to store in a computer and when to lose or retrieve these data.

21. 6. No IQ: - Computer is a dumb machine and it cannot do any work without instruction from the user. It performs the
instructions at tremendous speed and with accuracy. It is you to decide what you want to do and in what sequence. So a computer
cannot take its own decision as you can.
7. No Feeling: - It does not have feelings or emotion, taste, knowledge and experience. Thus it does not get tired even
after long hours of work. It does not distinguish between users.
8. Storage: - The Computer has an in-built memory where it can store a large amount of data. You can also store data in
secondary storage devices
such as floppies, which can be kept outside your computer and can be carried to other computer

22. Types of Computer
Embedded Computer
A specialized computer system that is part of a larger system or machine.
Typically, an embedded system is housed on a single
microprocessor board with the programs stored in ROM. Virtually all
appliances that have a digital interface - watches, microwaves, VCRs, cars
-- utilize embedded systems. Some embedded systems include
an operating system , but many are so specialized that the entire logic
can be implemented as a single program.
Programmable computer
A redundant term, because what makes a computer a computer
is that it follows a set of instructions. Many electronic devices
are computers that perform only one operation, but they are
still following instructions that reside permanently in the unit.

23. Laptop
A laptop is a portable personal computer with a clamshell form factor, suitable for mobile
use .They are also sometimes called notebook computers or notebooks. Laptops are
commonly used in a variety of settings, including work, education, and personal multimedia.
A laptop combines the components and inputs as a desktop computer; including display ,
keyboard , speaker and pointing device (such as a touchpad), into a single device. Most
modern-day laptop computers also have a webcam and a mic (microphone) pre-installed.A
laptop can be powered either from a rechargeable battery , or by mains electricity via an AC
adapter. Laptops are a diverse category of devices, and other more specific terms, such
as ultrabooks or notebooks, refer to specialist types of laptop which have been optimized
for certain uses. Hardware specifications change vastly between these classifications,
forgoing greater and greater degrees of processing power to reduce heat emissions.
Portable computer, originally monocrome CRT-based and developed into the modern
laptops, were originally considered to be a small niche market, mostly for specialized field
applications such as the military, accountants and sales representatives. As portable
computers became smaller, lighter, cheaper, and more powerful and as screens became
smaller and of better quality, laptops became very widely used for a variety of purposes
Workstation A type of Computer used for engineering application (CAD/CAM), desktop
publication, software development, and other types of applications that require a moderate amount of
computing power and relatively high quality graphics capabilities.
Workstations generally come with a large , high revolution graphics screen, at least 64 MB (megabytes)
of RAM, built-in network support, and a graphical user interface. Most workstations also have a mass
storage device such as a disk drive, but a special type of workstation, called a comes without a disk drive.
The most common operating system for workstations are Unix
and window NT In terms of computing power, workstations lie between personal computer and minic
computer although the line is fuzzy on both ends. High-end personal computers are equivalent to low-end
workstations. And high-end workstations are equivalent to minicomputers.
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Like personal computers, most workstations are single-user computers. However, workstations
are typically linked together to form a local –area network, although they can also be used
as stand alone system (2) In networking, workstation refer to any computer connected to a local-
area network. It could be a workstation or a personal computer.
Workstation also is spelled work station or work-station.

24. mainframes
Mainframe computers (colloquially referred to as "big iron"[1]) are computers used primarily
by corporate and governmental organizations for critical applications, bulk data processing
such as census, industry and consumer statistics, enterprise resource planning and
transaction processing.
The term originally referred to the large cabinets called "main frames" that housed the
central processing unit and main memory of early computers.[2][3] Later, the term was used
to distinguish high-end commercial machines from less powerful units.[4] Most large-scale
computer system architectures were established in the 1960s, but continue to evolve.
Super computers
A supercomputer is a computer at the frontline of contemporary
processing capacity – particularly speed of calculation which can
happen at speeds of nanoseconds.

25. Thank You
Presented By :- Shivam
Class:- IX D
Roll No :- 35