1. NATIONAL UNIVERSITY OF MODERN LANGUAGES
Information
Technology
Micrsoft Windows
(Information About Microsoft Windows)

2. IN THE NAME OF ALLAH
THE MOST GRACIOUS
THE MOST MERCIFUL
“Say : Come I will recite what your Lord
has forbidden to you –that you do not
associate anything with Him and show
kindness to your parents , and do not
slay your children for (fear of) poverty;
We provide sustenance for you and for
them. Do not approach the shameful
deed whether open or secret; and do not
take life, which ALLAH has made sacred
expect for the requirement of justice;
This He has command you, with that you
may understand.”
(AL-QURAN)

3. Message from Regional Director Lahore Campus
“Change is the only constant. Hanging on is the only sin”. Adhering to status quo
is tantamount to nullifying the process of growth and augmentation. Those, who
stubbornly stick to status quo are subject to ultimate annihilation. He who rejects
change is the architect of decay. Hence the secret of our survival lies in keeping
pace with rapid changes brought by modern science and technology. We are duty
bound to keep ourselves abreast of the demands of the postmodern era, which is
perpetually undergoing a process of rapid transition. An up-to-date nation walks
many miles ahead of those people, who are averse to progress
I would like to impress upon modem youth to leave no stone unturned to work for
the well-being and uplift of our beloved country. Hard work and strenuous efforts
will surely pave way for our ultimate success.
Follow the following dictum in letter and spirit:
Be strong!
We are not here to play, to dream, to drift,
We have hard work to do, and loads to lift.
Shun not the struggle; face it. 'It’s God's gift.
NUML Lahore campus has a highly qualified faculty. We aim at providing students
with diverse knowledge of their discipline, which goes a long way in their character
building as useful citizen of Pakistan. We provide an environment conducive for
learning.
As Regional Director, it is my august and foremost duty to provide congenial,
peaceful and friendly environment, where students may acquire knowledge and
nurture and groom their personality through curricular and extra-mural activities.
I always encourage my staff to work earnestly and righteously for the optimum
satisfaction of the students. I am confident that NUML, Lahore campus, will
continue to flourish and excel in the field of higher education and research to live
up to the challenges of the 21st century.
Brig. (R) Muhammad Akram Khan
RegionalDirector

4. Contents
Microsoft Windows
Windows CE
Windows 95
Windows 98
Windows 2000
Windows ME
Windows XP
Windows Vista
Windows 7
Windows 8

5. Microsoft Windows:

6. Microsoft Windows
Windows 3.1
Windows 3.1x is a series of 16-bit operating systems produced by
Microsoft for use on personal computers. The series began with
Windows 3.1, which was first sold during March
1992 as a successor to Windows 3.0. Further
editions were released between 1992 and 1994
until the series was superseded by Windows 95.
Windows 3.1 (originally codenamed Janus,[citation
needed] of which two betas were published),
released on April 6, 1992, includes a TrueType font
system (and a set of highly legible fonts), which
effectively made Windows a viable desktop publishing platform for the
first time. Similar functionality was available for Windows 3.0 through
the Adobe Type Manager (ATM) font system from Adobe.
Windows 3.1 was designed to have backward compatibility with older
Windows platforms. As with Windows 3.0, version 3.1 had File
Manager and Program Manager, but unlike all previous versions,
Windows 3.1 and later support 32-bit disk access, cannot run in real
mode, and included Minesweeper instead of Reversi (though Reversi
was included in some copies).
Windows 3.1 Multimedia PC Version (Beta only, released Nov 1992 –
codenamed Bombay) included a media viewer, and the ability to play
video files. It was targeted to the new multimedia PC and included
sound and video integration with CD-ROM support

7. Microsoft Windows
Windows 95
A major release of the Microsoft Windows operating system released
in 1995. Windows 95 represents a significant advance over its
precursor, Windows 3.1. In addition to sporting
a new user interface, Windows 95 also includes
a number of important internal improvements.
Perhaps most important, it supports 32-bit
applications, which means that applications
written specifically for this operating system
should run much faster. And although Windows
95 can run older Windows and DOS applications,
it has essentially removed DOS as the underlying platform. This has
meant removal of many of the old DOS limitations, such as 640K of
main memory and 8-character filenames.
Windows 98
Windows 98 (codenamed Memphis) is a graphical operating system by
Microsoft. It is the second major release in the Windows 9x line of
operating systems. It was released to
manufacturing on May 15, 1998 and to retail
on June 25, 1998. Windows 98 is the successor
to Windows 95. Like its predecessor, it is a
hybrid 16-bit/32-bit[2] monolithic product
with an MS-DOS based boot stage.[3]
Windows 98 was succeeded by Windows 98
Second Edition on May 5, 1999. Development

8. Microsoft Windows
of Windows 98 began in the 1990s, initially using the codename
"Memphis" to refer to the product. Many builds were released or
leaked, starting with build 1351 on December 15, 1996 and ending
with Windows 98 Second Edition.
Windows ME
Windows Millennium Edition, or Windows ME (pronounced as an
initialism, "M-E"), is a graphical operating system released on
September 14, 2000 by Microsoft,[3]
and was the last operating system
released in the Windows 9x series.
Windows ME was the successor to
Windows 98 and was targeted specifically at home PC users.[3] It
included Internet Explorer 5.5, Windows Media Player 7, and the new
Windows Movie Maker software, which provided basic video editing
and was designed to be easy to use for home users. Microsoft also
updated the graphical user interface, shell features, and Windows
Explorer in Windows ME with some of those first introduced in
Windows 2000, which had been released as a business-oriented
operating system seven months earlier. Windows ME could be
upgraded to Internet Explorer 6 SP1 (but not to SP2 (SV1) or Internet
Explorer 7), Outlook Express 6 SP1 and Windows Media Player 9 Series.
Microsoft .NET Framework up to and including version 2.0 is
supported, however versions 2.0 SP1, 3.x, and greater are not. Office
XP was the last version of Microsoft Office to be compatible with
Windows ME.

9. Microsoft Windows
Windows 2000
Windows 2000 is an operating system produced by Microsoft for use
on both client and server computers. Windows 2000 was released to
manufacturing on December 15,
1999[3] and launched to retail on
February 17, 2000.[4] It is the successor
to Windows NT 4.0, and is the last
version of Microsoft Windows to display
the "Windows NT" designation.[5] It is succeeded by Windows XP
(released in October 2001) and Windows Server 2003 (released in April
2003). During development, Windows 2000 was known as Windows NT
5.0.
Four editions of Windows 2000 were released: Professional, Server,
Advanced Server, and Datacenter Server.[6] Additionally, Microsoft
sold Windows 2000 Advanced Server Limited Edition and Windows
2000 Datacenter Server Limited Edition, which ran on 64-bit Intel
Itanium microprocessors and they were released in 2001.[7] While
each edition of Windows 2000 was targeted at a different market, they
shared a core set of features, including many system utilities such as
the Microsoft Management Console and standard system
administration applications.

10. Microsoft Windows
Windows XP
Windows XP is an operating system produced by Microsoft for use on
personal computers, including home and business desktops, laptops
and media centers. First released to computer
manufacturers on August 24, 2001,[4] it is the
second most popular version of Windows,
based on installed user base.[5] The name
"XP" is short for "eXPerience",[6] highlighting
the enhanced user experience.[7]
Windows XP, the successor to Windows 2000 and Windows ME, was
the first consumer-oriented operating system produced by Microsoft
to be built on the Windows NT kernel. Windows XP was released
worldwide for retail sale on October 25, 2001, and over 400 million
copies were in use in January 2006.[8] It was succeeded by Windows
Vista in January 2007. Direct OEM and retail sales of Windows XP
ceased on June 30, 2008. Microsoft continued to sell Windows XP
through their System Builders (smaller OEMs who sell assembled
computers) program until January 31, 2009.[9][10] On April 10, 2012,
Microsoft reaffirmed that extended support for Windows XP and
Office 2003 would end on April 8, 2014 and suggested that
administrators begin preparing to migrate to a newer OS. The NT-based
versions of Windows, which are programmed in C, C++, and
assembly,[14] are known for their improved stability and efficiency
over the 9x versions of Microsoft Windows.

11. Microsoft Windows
Windows Vista
Windows Vista is an operating system released in several variations by
Microsoft for use on personal computers, including home and business
desktops, laptops, tablet PCs, and media center
PCs. Prior to its announcement on July 22, 2005,
Windows Vista was known by its codename
"Longhorn".[4] Development was completed on
November 8, 2006, and over the following three
months, it was released in stages to computer
hardware and software manufacturers, business
customers and retail channels. On January 30,
2007, it was released worldwide[5] and was made available for
purchase and download from Microsoft's website.[6] The release of
Windows Vista came more than five years after the introduction of its
predecessor, Windows XP, the longest time span between successive
releases of Microsoft Windows desktop operating systems. It was
succeeded by Windows 7, which was released to manufacturing on
July 22, 2009 and released worldwide for retail on October 22, 2009.
New features of Windows Vista include an updated graphical user
interface and visual style dubbed Aero, a new search component called
Windows Search, redesigned networking, audio, print and display sub-
systems, and new multimedia tools including Windows DVD Maker.
Vista aimed to increase the level of communication between machines
on a home network, using peer-to-peer technology to simplify sharing
files and media between computers and devices. Windows Vista
included version 3.0 of the .NET Framework, allowing software
developers to write applications without traditional Windows APIs.

12. Microsoft Windows
Windows 7
Windows 7 is an operating system produced by Microsoft for use on
personal computers, including home and business desktops, laptops,
netbooks, tablet PCs, and media center PCs;[5]
Windows 7 was released to manufacturing on
July 22, 2009,[6] and reached general retail
availability worldwide on October 22, 2009,[7]
less than three years after the release of its
predecessor, Windows Vista. Windows 7's server
counterpart, Windows Server 2008 R2, was
released at the same time. Windows 7 is
succeeded by Windows 8, released on October 26, 2012.
Unlike Windows Vista, which introduced a large number of new
features, Windows 7 was intended to be a more focused, incremental
upgrade to the Windows line, with the goal of being compatible with
applications and hardware with which Windows Vista was already
compatible.[8] Presentations given by Microsoft in 2008 focused on
multi-touch support, a redesigned Windows shell with a new taskbar,
referred to as the Superbar, a home networking system called
HomeGroup,[9] and performance improvements. Some standard
applications that have been included with prior releases of Microsoft
Windows, including Windows Calendar, Windows Mail, Windows
Movie Maker, and Windows Photo Gallery, are not included in
Windows 7;[10][11] most are instead offered separately at no charge
as part of the Windows Essentials suite

13. Microsoft Windows
Windows 8
Windows 8 is the current release of the Windows operating system,
produced by Microsoft for use on personal computers, including home
and business desktops, laptops, tablets, and
home theater PCs. Development of Windows 8
started before the release of its predecessor in
2009. Its existence was first announced at CES
2011, and followed by the release of three pre-
release versions from September 2011 to May
2012. The operating system was released to
manufacturing on 1 August 2012, and was
released for general availability on 26 October 2012
Windows 8 introduces significant changes to the operating system's
platform, primarily focused towards improving its user experience on
mobile devices such as tablets to rival other mobile operating systems
like Android and iOS,[4] taking advantage of new or emerging
technologies like USB 3.0, UEFI firmware, near field communications,
cloud computing and the low-power ARM architecture, new security
features such as malware filtering, built-in antivirus capabilities, a new
installation process optimized for digital distribution, and support for
secure boot (a UEFI feature which allows operating systems to be
digitally signed to prevent malware from altering the boot process),
the ability to synchronize certain apps and settings between multiple
devices, along with other changes and performance improvements.