ORALCANCER PPT by Prof Vijayreddy Principal SGJ CON.pptx
1. SHREE GOPALDEV JADHAV COLLEGE OF NURSING
KALABURAGI-585105, INDIA
Email ID: sgjcollegeofnursing@gmail.com Mobile: 9509695123
ORAL
CANCER
Prepared By:
Prof.Vijayreddy Vandali
Principal
Shree Gopaldev Jadhav CON
Kalaburagi-INDIA.
(31-01-2023)
2. ORAL CANCER
INTRODUCTION:
Latest mouth and oral cancer data
• Cancers of the lip, oral cavity, hypopharynx,
oropharynx and larynx are known collectively as
mouth and oral cancers. Of these, cancers of the
lip and oral cavity are the most common, with
more than 377,700 cases worldwide in 2020.
• Lip and oral cavity cancers are the 16th most
common cancers overall, the 11th most common
cancers in men and the 18th most common
cancers in women.
3. Contd…
• The American Cancer Society’s most recent estimates for oral
cavity and oropharyngeal cancers in the United States are for 2023:
• About 54,540 new cases of oral cavity or oropharyngeal cancer
• About 11,580 deaths from oral cavity or oropharyngeal cancer
• Oral cavity and oropharyngeal cancers occur most often in the
following sites:
• The tongue
• The tonsils and oropharynx (the part of the throat behind the mouth)
• The gums, floor of the mouth, and other parts of the mouth
• The rest are found in the lips, the minor salivary glands (which often
occur in the roof of the mouth), and other sites.
4. Mouth and oral cancer rates
• The following 3 tables show total global mouth and oral cancer incidence and rates in 2020,
followed by the figures for men and women. Papua New Guinea had the highest overall
rate of mouth and oral cancers in 2020, followed by Bangladesh.
Rank Country Number
1Papua New Guinea
2Bangladesh
3Romania
4Hungary
5Cuba
6.Slovakia1,
7.India
08.SriLanka
9.Pakistan&10.Moldova
5. Definition of ORAL CANCER
• Mouth cancer refers to cancer that develops in
any of the parts that make up the mouth (oral
cavity). Mouth cancer can occur on the:
• Lips
• Gums
• Tongue
• Inner lining of the cheeks
• Roof of the mouth
• Floor of the mouth (under the tongue)
6. TYPES OF ORAL CANCER
• Mouth cancer is categorized by the type of cell the
cancer (carcinoma) starts to grow in.
• Squamous cell carcinoma is the most common type
of mouth cancer, accounting for 9 out of 10 cases.
• Squamous cells are found in many areas of the body,
including the inside of the mouth and in the skin.
• Less common types of mouth cancer include:
• adenocarcinoma, which is cancers that develop inside
the salivary glands
• sarcoma, which grows from abnormalities in bone,
cartilage, muscle or other tissue
• lymphoma, which grows from cells usually found in
lymph glands, but they can also grow in the mouth
7. CAUSES
• Mouth cancers form when cells on the lips
or in the mouth develop changes
(mutations) in their DNA. A cell's DNA
contains the instructions that tell a cell what to
do.
• The mutations changes tell the cells to
continue growing and dividing when healthy
cells would die. The accumulating abnormal
mouth cancer cells can form a tumor.
8. The most COMMON SYMPTOMS of Oral
Cancer include:
• Swellings/thickenings, lumps or bumps, rough spots/crusts/or eroded areas
on the lips, gums, cheek, or other areas inside the mouth
• Velvety white, red, or speckled (white and red) patches in the mouth
• Unexplained bleeding in the mouth
• Unexplained numbness, loss of feeling, or pain/tenderness in any area of
the face, mouth, or neck
• Persistent sores on the face, neck, or mouth that bleed easily and do not
heal within 2 weeks
• A soreness or feeling that something is caught in the back of the throat
• Difficulty chewing or swallowing, speaking, or moving the jaw or tongue
• Hoarseness, chronic sore throat, or change in voice
• Ear pain
• Swelling or pain in your jaw. If you wear dentures, they might be
uncomfortable or hard to put in.
• A change in the way your teeth or dentures fit together
• Dramatic weight loss
9.
10. RISK FACTORS
• Factors that can increase your risk of mouth
cancer include:
• Tobacco use of any kind, including cigarettes,
cigars, pipes, chewing tobacco and snuff, among
others
• Heavy alcohol use
• Excessive sun exposure to your lips
• A sexually transmitted virus called human
papillomavirus (HPV)
• A weakened immune system
11. CONTD…
Family history of cancer.
Human papillomavirus (HPV). Certain HPV strains are
etiologic risk factors for Oropharyngeal Squamous Cell
Carcinoma (OSCC). Almost everyone who’s sexually
active will get HPV at some point in life.
Age. Oral cancers can take years to grow. Most people
find they have it after age 55. But more younger men
are getting cancers linked to HPV.
Gender. Men are at least twice as likely as women to get
oral cancer. It could be because men drink and smoke
more than women do.
Poor diet. Studies have found a link between oral cancer
and not eating enough vegetables and fruits.
12. SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS of
Mouth Cancer
• A lip or mouth sore that doesn't heal
• A white or reddish patch on the inside of your
mouth
• Loose teeth
• A growth or lump inside your mouth
• Mouth pain
• Ear pain
• Difficult or painful swallowing
16. DIAGNOSIS
• Physical examination. Dentists and doctors often find lip and oral cavity cancers during routine
checkups,the doctor will examine the area behind the nose, the larynx (voice box), and the lymph nodes of
the neck.
• Endoscopy. An endoscopy allows the doctor to see inside the mouth and throat. Typically, a thin, flexible
tube with an attached light and view lens, called an endoscope,
• Biopsy. A biopsy is the removal of a small amount of tissue for examination under a microscope. Only a
biopsy can make a definite diagnosis. The type of biopsy performed will depend on the location of the
cancer. During a fine needle aspiration biopsy, cells are removed using a thin needle inserted directly into
the suspicious area. A pathologist then analyzes the cells.
• HPV testing. HPV testing may be done on a sample of the tumor removed during the biopsy.
• X-ray. An x-ray is a way to create a picture of the structures inside of the body, using a small amount of
radiation. X-rays may be recommended by your dentist or doctor to look for abnormal findings in the
mouth or neck.
• Computed tomography (CT or CAT) scan. A CT scan takes pictures of the inside of the body using x-rays
taken from different angles. A computer combines these pictures into a detailed, 3-dimensional image that
shows any abnormalities or tumors.
• Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). An MRI uses magnetic fields, not x-rays, to produce detailed images
of the body, especially images of soft tissue,
19. Prevention
There's no proven way to prevent mouth cancer. However, you can reduce
your risk of mouth cancer if you:
• Stop using tobacco or don't start. If you use tobacco, stop. If you don't
use tobacco, don't start. Using tobacco, exposes the cells in your mouth to
dangerous cancer-causing chemicals.
• Drink alcohol only in moderation, if at all. Chronic excessive alcohol use
can irritate the cells in your mouth, making them vulnerable to mouth
cancer. If you choose to drink alcohol, do so in moderation.
• Avoid excessive sun exposure to your lips. Protect the skin on your lips
from the sun by staying in the shade when possible. Wear a broad-brimmed
hat that effectively shades your entire face, including your mouth. Apply a
sunscreen lip product as part of your routine sun protection regimen.
• Routine dental exam,
