Introduction to Quantum computing/networking, its timeline, and impact to ICT industry

1. 1
The Future of Quantum Computing
and Quantum Networking
Shuvo Chowdhury
June 2018

2. 2
Quantum Computing in the Hype Cycle 2017
Source: gartner.com
“Quantum computing is heavily hyped
and evolving at different rates, but it
should not be ignored,”
“It holds great promise, especially in the
areas of ML, AI and cryptography.
Today’s data scientists, focused on ML,
AI and big data analytics, simply cannot
address some difficult and complex
problems because of the compute
limitations of classic computer
architectures”.
“Some of these problems may take
today’s fastest supercomputers months
or even years to run through a series of
permutations, making it impractical to
attempt. Quantum computers have the
potential to run massive amounts of
calculations in parallel in seconds.
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3. 3
What is Quantum Computing?
Classical Bit Vs Qubit in Quantum computing A Quantum Computer
Quantum computing is computing using quantum-mechanical phenomena, such
as superposition and entanglement. They are different from binary digital
electronic computers based on transistors. One of the greatest challenges of
quantum computing is controlling or removing quantum decoherence.
Quantum particles defy the laws of physics as we understand them. They can
move in time, exist and not exist, and seemingly go from one area to another
without a discernible path. Qubits, the calculation elements of quantum
computing, allows for a third state of being with numbers. Instead of just 0 or 1,
there can exist both
Source: google.com
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4. 4
Source: intel.comBlueprint of a Quantum Computer
Physicists from the UK have created a blueprint for a
soccer-field-sized machine. Researchers outline designs
for modules containing roughly 2,500 qubits and suggest
interlinking thousands of them together to create a
machine containing two billion qubits.
Tangle Lake”; a quantum-processor chip that operates at extremely low
temperatures. Tangle Lake is designed to store and process quantum
information in qubits that are superconducting circuits.49 Qubit intel chip
Blueprint of a Quantum Computer
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5. 5
Quantum computing Market and Key players Source: Markets and Markets
Quantum computing market is expected to be valued at USD
495.3 Million by 2023, at a CAGR of 29.04% between 2017
and 2023. The major factors driving the growth of this market
include rising incidences of cybercrimes, early adoption of
quantum computing in the defense and automotive industry,
and increasing investment by government entities in the
market.
North America accounted for the largest share of the overall
quantum computing market in 2016. On the other hand, Asia
Pacific (APAC) would be the fastest growing region for
quantum computing during the forecast period
The key players in this market are D Wave Systems Inc.
(Canada), 1QB Information Technologies Inc. (Canada), QC
Ware Corp. (US), Google Inc. (US), and QxBranch LLC
(US),IBM(US),Intel(US),Microsoft (US).
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6. 6
Quantum computing supremacy Source: Ipwatchdog.com
• China invested heavily in Quantum Computing
• Baidu, Alibaba and Tencent jockey for position in the
development of quantum computing
• Chinese government last year set out to build what will be
the world’s biggest quantum computing research
complex(11.0 Billion)
• 2014 the quantum computing patent application Jumped
• Since 2014 the count of patent is projected to increase by
430% by the end of 2017
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7. 7
Quantum Computing impact on Applications and Industries
Machine learning: Improved ML through faster structured
prediction. Examples include Boltzmann machines, quantum
Boltzmann machines, semi-supervised learning,
unsupervised learning and deep learning.
Healthcare: DNA gene sequencing, such as radiotherapy
treatment optimization/brain tumor detection, could be
performed in seconds instead of hours or weeks.
Computer science: Faster multidimensional search functions,
for example, query optimization, mathematics and simulations
Finance: Quantum computing could enable faster, more
complex Monte Carlo simulations, for example, trading,
trajectory optimization, market instability, price optimization
and hedging strategies
Artificial intelligence: Faster calculations could improve
perception, comprehension, self-awareness and circuit fault
diagnosis/binary classifiers.
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8. 8
Quantum Computing Use Cases Source: gartner.com
• Quantum Communications
• Security
• Compute power
• Network
• Quantum Simulation
• Big data
• Traffic planning
• Capacity
• Disaster Planning
• Quantum Machine learning
• Route planning
• Scheduling
• AI
• Optimization
• SON
• Pattern Matching
• Robotics
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For ICT Industry

9. 9
Challenges To Quantum Computing?
One of the biggest challenges is to remove quantum
decoherence. The decoherence of the qubits occurs when
the system interacts with the surrounding in a
thermodynamically irreversible manner. So, the system
needs to be carefully isolated. Freezing the qubits is one of
the ways to prevent decoherence
A quantum computer must be totally isolated from all
external interference during the computation phase
Qubits are not digital bits of data thus cannot use
conventional error correction. So truly isolating quantum
system is very difficult
Output Observance is challenging in Quantum computing.
For 500qubits, 1 in 2^500 chance of observing right output
Source: www.equity.media
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10. 10
Quantum Technologies timeline Source: time.tno.nl
• 1. Quantum Communications
• A- Core technology of quantum
repeaters
• B- Secure point-to-point quantum
links
• C- Quantum networks between
distant cities
• F- Secure quantum internet and ICT
network
• 2. Quantum Simulation
• A- Simulator of motion of electrons in
materials
• B- New algorithms for quantum
• simulators and networks
• 3. Quantum sensors
• A- Quantum sensors for niche App
• B- More precise atomic clocks
• F- Integrate quantum sensors
• with consumer applications
• 4. Quantum Computers
• A- Operation of a logical qubit
protected by error correction or
topologically
• B-New algorithms for quantum
computers
• F- General purpose Q Computer
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11. 11
Quantum ICT Networking and future deployment
Quantum networking is the process of linking quantum
computers and devices together. This creates fast and
secure networks beyond anything possible today with
traditional processors
• Quantum Networks and Quantum Internet
• Quantum key distribution (QKD)
• Universal Quantum Network
• Make QC accusable via Cloud ,bill usage by minutes and
lease QC time rather buy
Source: www.nict.go.jp
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