A seminar on Smart Cards, its history, applications, working principle, architecture, classification and future scopes. Prepared for 3rd year ECE technical seminar.
2. Introduction
• Smart card is one of the latest addition in this IT world.
• It is of the size of a credit card, made up of PVC.
• It has embedded silicon chip to store data and communicate.
• Smart cards are used for various purposes from telecommunication to retail.
3. History of Smart Card
• 1968 - German inventors filed patent to use plastic as a carrier for microchips.
• 1970 - Dr. Kunitaka Arimura filed first and only patent for smart card concept.
• 1977 - 3 companies Bull CP8, SGS Thomson and Schlumberger began developing IC card
product.
• 1979 - Motorola developed first single chip microcontroller for French banking.
• 1982 - World’s first major IC card testing.
• 1992 - Nationwide prepaid card project started in Denmark
• 1999 - Federal Government began a Federal employee smart card identification
4. Types of Smart Cards
Contact Smart Cards
• The contact cards need to be in physical contact with the card reader. The IC
on the chip is connected to a contact plate on the surface of the card.
• Contact cards make up 91.92% of the total smart card market.
Contactless Smart Cards
• Contact-less smart cards contain an embedded antenna, instead of contact
pads attached to the chip.
• Student identification, electronic passport, vending, parking and tolls are
common applications for contact-less cards.
5. Types of Smart Cards
Memory Smart Cards
• Memory smart cards cannot manage files and have no processing power for data management.
• All memory cards communicate to readers through synchronous protocols.
• Some have built-in logic to control the access to the memory of the card.
Microprocessor Smart Cards
• These cards have on-card dynamic data processing capabilities.
• Within the card is a microprocessor or microcontroller chip that manages memory allocation and file access.
6. Components of a Smart Card
Generally, it is made up of three
elements.
• The PVC card
• A printed circuit or RF interface, and
• An integrated circuit chip
These are embedded on the card.
10. Pros and Cons
Advantages:
Disadvantages:
• Flexibility
• Security
• Portability
• Increasing data storage capacity
• Reliability.
• NOT tamper proof
• Can be lost/stolen
• Can be expensive
• Still working on bugs
11. Applications
• Payment System
• Smart Networking
• National ID / Authentication
• University Identification
• Financial Applications
• Retail & Loyalty
• Communication Applications
• Transportation
12. Increasing usage of Smart Cards
Market Segment 1994 2000 2010 Average Annual Growth Rate
Phone Cards 310 1,400 10,000 28%
Bank and Loyalty cards 20 500 88,000 80%
Games Cards 1 500 75,000 82%
Health Cards 62 400 8,000 36%
ID Cards 1 400 85,000 71%
Transport Cards 1 200 5,000 42%
Vending Cards 4 200 35,000 92%
PayTV Cards 10 100 5,000 47%
GSM Cards 9 50 100,000 100%
Meter Cards 2 50 5,000 71%
Access Control Cards - 2 4,000 100%
TOTAL 420 3,800 420,000 163%
13. Future of Smart Cards
• Banking
• Internet
• Electronic Commerce
• Health Services
• Education
• Transportation
• Welfare
• Entitlement Documents
15. Conclusion
• Smart cards are secure and is proven for its security.
• Tampering is possible to some extent, research is going on to eliminate that.
• Penetration in mobile phones have made a significant impact in smart card market.
• Financial institutions are looking for a new revenue generation business in M-commerce and smart cards will
play a huge role in that.
• We have reached a new era of commerce with still a lot to achieve, and innovations in the field of Smart Cards
will help us reach those hieghts
