2. TOURISM
• An activity done by an individual or a group of individuals, which leads to motion from
place to another
• One of the fastest growing industries across the world
• Combination of various interrelated industries and trades like hotel industry, transport
industry, etc
• Comprises the activities of persons travelling to and staying in places outside their
usual environment for not more than 6 consecutive months and not less than 24 hours
for leisure, business and other purposes not related to the exercise of an activity
renumerated from within the place visited
4. OBJECTIVES OF TOURISM
ECONOMIC OBJECTIVES
• Employment creation
• Increasing foreign currency earnings
MULTIPLIER EFFECT
ENVIRONMENTAL OBJECTIVES
• Environmental education and improvement
• Preservation of wildlife habitats
• Conservation and regeneration
SOCIO-CULTURAL OBJECTIVES
• Promoting cultural understanding
• Creating a national identity
5. REASONS FOR GROWTH OF TOURISM
• Sightseeing
• Leisure
• Sports
• Shopping
• Governmental travel
• Reunions
• Special interest groups
• Business
• Education
• Pilgrimage
6. TYPES OF TOURISTS
• A temporary visitor who is visiting an area for more than a day (24 hours) for business
purpose, for pleasure, or in connection with sporting, educational or religious activities
• 3 types:
i. Visitor
ii. Traveller
iii. Excursionist
7. VISITOR
• Any person travelling to a place other than that of his/her usual residence for less than
12 months and whose main purpose of the trip is other than the exercise of an activity
remunerated from within the place visited.
• Stay more than 24 hours and less than 1 month
• Not involved in any earning activities
• 2 types of visitors
i. International visitor
ii. Domestic visitor
8. TRAVELLER
• Any person on a trip between two or more countries or between two or more localities
within his/her country of usual residence
• Appellation traveller is generic that it is relevant to any form of movement of a person
irrespective of the distance travelled
• No specific time for their stay
• Not involved in any earning activities
9. EXCURSIONIST
• Any person visiting a country other than his residence and remaining less than 24
hours
• Includes cruise passengers
• Should not get involved in earning activities
10. TOURIST DESTINATION
• ‘tourism-place’ products
• Comprise attractions, amenities and activities, ancillary services and points of access
• Travel destinations to see historical sites, natural wonders or buildings
• Different types of tourist destinations
i. Coastal tourism
ii. Urban tourism
iii. Rural tourism
11. COASTAL TOURISM
• Associated with image of seaside resort
• Most popular appeal of a destination
• Attracts approximately 5 million visitors every year
• High-rise hotels with plenty of nightclubs, bars, restaurants, casinos
• Attractiveness is combination of sun, sea and sand
• Wide sandy beaches and warm climate with average summer temperature around 30
degree celsius
12. URBAN TOURISM
• Towns and cities attract many tourists by growing interest in cultural activities
• Visits to museums and art gallery and leisure activities like shopping and
entertainment to sports
• Rich culture and heritage, delicious food and designer shops
• Cityscapes including shopping and entertainment districts, parks and recreations
13. RURAL TOURISM
• Encompasses huge range of activities, natural or manmade attractions, amenities and
facilities, transportation, marketing and information systems
• Diverse and fragmented in terms of operational structures, activities, markets and
operating environments
• Benefits are employment growth, broadening region’s economic base, repopulation,
social improvement, revitalization of local craft
14. TOURISM SERVICES
• Created to serve the needs of people who travelled outside their usual places of
residence for a period of not more than a year and not less than 24 hours
• Include accommodation, food services, transportation, travel intermediaries, special
event services, and attractions
• Provides incentives to foster quality of environment, generates more employment
opportunities and develops necessary infrastructural facilities
• Tourists can be divided into : domestic tourists and foreign tourists
15. SERVICES RELATED TO TOURISM
• Service sectors related to tourism includes airlines, hotels, transport(local), tourist
guides, security/police, basic sanitation and other amenities at tourist places
• Due to the emergence of low-cost airlines, which offers better connectivity within the
country, the developing countries are slowly entering into tourism market
• Hospitality frequently refers to the hospitality-industry jobs for hotels, restaurants,
casinos, catering, resorts, clubs and any other service position that deals with tourists
• Training the personnel so that they better serve the tourists is one of the challenges
that any tourism-projecting country has
• Rise in corporate activity – leading to a greater number of business trips – and more
pronounced aspiration to travel on holiday have made hotel industry very competitive
16. TOURISM AS AN INDUSTRY
• Recognized by the products which are required to satisfy the demand for travel,
accommodation, food, and beverage away from home
• Tourism-related businesses, agencies and organizations need to work together to give
best overall “travel experience”
• Contributes immensely to growth of GDP
• It is expected that nearly 54% of expenditure by tourists is spent for wages and salaries
of the staff in the tourism sector
• Expressed as “export” industry as it provides foreign exchange earnings with the arrival
of international tourists
18. ECONOMIC BENEFITS OF TOURISM
INDUSTRY
• Generation of employment opportunities
• Earns foreign exchange without exporting anything tangible
• Leads to balanced regional development
• Improve per capita income and standard of living
• Facilitates development of basic infrastructural facilities
• Promotes a hub by economic activities
• Promotes related industries
20. GENERAL TOURISM TRENDS
• Product diversification
• Transport developments
• Information technology
• Societal trends and changing consumption patterns
• Responsible tourism
21. NEW TRENDS OF TRAVEL
• Impact of millennials
• Unstoppable seniors
• Rise of conspicuous leisure
• Growth of ‘creative’ tourism
• Strength of luxury travel
• More multigenerational travel
22. CATEGORIES OF TOURISM
• Inter-regional tourist : travels between various regions
• Intra-regional tourist : travel within the same region
• Inbound tourism : non-residents travelling in the given country
• Outbound tourism : residents travelling to another country
• Domestic tourism : travelling within own country
• International tourist : travel to place other than own country
23. FORMS OF TOURISM
• Religious tourism
• Historical tourism
• Social tourism
• Health tourism
• Senior tourism
• Adventure tourism
• Sports tourism
• Business tourism
• Special interest tourism
24. RELIGIOUS TOURISM
• Also called as pilgrimage tourism or spiritual tourism
• World’s largest form of mass religious tourism takes place at the annual Hajj
pilgrimage in Mecca, Saudi Arabia
• Most famous holy cities are Jerusalem, Mecca and Varanasi.
• Amarnath, Vaishno Devi, Badrinath, Kedarnath, Varanasi, Ujjain, Haridwar-Rishikesh, etc
: Hindus
• Haj : Muslims
• Jerusalem : Christians
• Amritsar : Sikhs
• Gaya, Kapilvastu and Sarnath : Buddhists
• Ashrams : SatyaSai’s PrashantiNilyam, Sai Baba’s Shirdi, Dwarka Mai, Osho Ashrams,
Murari Bapu’s Ashram, etc
25. HISTORICAL TOURISM
• Refers to a kind of tourism where the tour or tour group focuses on the history; history
of some place, people, things or events
• Tourists visit those places of historical importance to know about culture, tradition,
past happenings, etc and get to know about the evolution and development in culture
• Places of important historical events, such as battlefields or sites where discovers and
explorers landed, are being promoted as tourist attractions
26. SOCIAL TOURISM
• Can be commercial and non-commercial, government and private
• Specifically encourages the participation in tourism activities of persons who are
economically weak or otherwise disadvantaged
• Range from small charities organizing holidays for children from low-income
backgrounds, over government plans improving accessibility in hotels, to private tour
operators offering ecological holidays
• Ideal tourist locations and holiday stays that promote social, cultural and sports
activities are keys to the development of certain isolated and underdeveloped regions
27. ADVENTURE TOURISM
• Identified as one of the largest segments of global and domestic tourism
• Young travellers are primarily experience seekers, collecting, enquiring unique
experiences
• Kinds of adventure tourism in India – rock climbing, skiing, camel safari, paragliding,
mountaineering, rafting in white water, trekking
• Adventure tourism : Ladakh, Garwal hills, Himachal hills, Darjeeling, Goa, Lakshwadeep,
Andaman and Nicobar, Jaisalmer and wildlife sanctuaries and reserves
• Skiing: Manali, Shimla, Nainital, Mussoorie
• Whitewater rafting : Ganga, Alaknanda, Bhagirathi rivers
• Rock climbing : Badami, Kanheri caves, Manori rocks, Kabbal
28. HEALTH TOURISM
• Also called Medical tourism
• Travelling for medical treatment or visit places where there are curative possibilities
• Indian system of medicine : Ayurveda, Yoga, Sidha, Unani, Naturopathy
• Overseas surgery is becoming a safe and viable option to healthcare in US and Canada
• Yogasana has become popular and widespread and many public and private conduct
Yoga classes
29. SPORTS TOURISM
• Tourism which is based on the theme of sports
• Lucrative in India from the point of revenue earning
• Playing golf, skiing in the mountains or hiking, trekking, mountaineering, river rafting,
etc
• Big sports meetings like Olympic Games, the continental or world football, boxing
championship, etc
• Sporting tourism of the devotees, winter sports, nautical sports, mountain climbing,
horse riding, hunting, fishing sports
30. SENIOR TOURISM
• Basically for senior citizens who live in isolation
• Less demanding in the form of facilities and services
• Predicted to be major force in 21st century
• Less likely to be influenced by “frills” and extra amenities
• More time to spend on travel and leisure
31. BUSINESS TOURISM
• Popularly called MICE(Meetings, Incentives, Conferences, and Exhibitions)
• Rapidly growing and largely associated with travel for business purpose
• Includes a well-planned agenda centered on a particular theme, such as a hobby, a
profession, or an educational topic
• Known for its extensive planning and demanding clientele
• Facility provides furniture, projectors, stage lightning, and a sound system
32. CULTURE ORIENTED TOURISM
• Subset of tourism concerned with a country or region’s culture, specifically the lifestyle
of the people in those geographical areas, the history of those people, their art,
architecture, religion(s), and other elements that helped to shape their way of life
• Movement of persons to cultural attractions away from their normal place of
residence, with the intention to gather new information and experiences to satisfy their
cultural needs
• Composed of both cultural products presented for tourist consumption and cultural
processes which generate motivation to participate in cultural tourism
• Travel directed toward experiencing the arts, heritage and special character of a place
• Visit to ancient monuments, places of historical or religious importance
33. NATURE ORIENTED TOURISM
• Reflects the movement of tourist in naturally rich areas like national parks, safaris,
remote destination, etc
• Not allowed to be visited by mass tourists
• Flora and fauna are not disturbed
• Ecotourism creates a balance between development and conservation of natural
environment
• Infrastructure conducive for movement is developed, jobs are created for locals and
benefits accrue to all.
34. ETHNIC OR ROOTS TOURISM
• Desire to interact with exotic ethnic people and experience their cultural values
• Interaction between ‘hosts and guests’ with significant implications for changing the
expression of ethnic identity among locals
• Type of tourism where travel is motivated by first-hand experience, doing and learning
principle
• Tourists are mostly driven by the desire to see something different from usual and
where curiosity is the ultimate factor
35. VFR TOURISM
• VFR = Visiting Friends and Relatives
• Often domestic tourism
• Creates dispersed networks of family and friends
• Developed significantly in the second half of 20th century with increased mobilities
• High rates of emigration
36. ELECTRONIC CAPABILITIES IN E-
TOURISM
FRONT OFFICE SYSTEM
• Process data and offer written or visual reports
• Systems : Fidelio and SITEL
E-SYSTEMS FOR BOOKING
• Operative for both individual tourists as well as for agencies
• Systems : World span and Amadeus
37. PROMISE AND CHALLENGE OF ONLINE
MARKETING
• Legal and ethical issues
• Online privacy and security
• Building customer relationships
• Product information and delivery
