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‫و‬ ‫آرايي‬ ‫كانه‬
‫تغليظ‬
‫آلومينيم‬
‫ويژگي‬ ‫و‬ ‫آلومينيم‬ ‫تاريخچه‬
‫آن‬ ‫هاي‬
‫شيميايي‬ ‫فرمول‬ ‫با‬ ‫آلوم‬ ‫يستال‬
KAl (SO4)2.12H2O
Hans Christian Ørsted
14 August 1777 – 9 March 1851
Amalgam
Friedrich Wöhler
31 July 1800 – 23 September 1882
Henri Étienne Sainte-Claire Deville
11 March 1818 – 1 July 1881
Deville and partners established the world's first industrial production
of aluminium at a smelter in Rouen in 1856. Deville's smelter moved
that year to La Glacière and then Nanterre, and in 1857 to Salindres.
Paul Héroult
10 April 1863 – 9 May 1914
Charles Martin Hall
December 6, 1863 – December 27, 1914
Sputnik 1
was the first artificial Earth satellite
‫آلومينيم‬ ‫هاي‬ ‫كاني‬
‫ژيپسيت‬ ‫يا‬ ‫گيبسيت‬
‫رنگ‬
:
‫سفيد‬
‫خاکستری‬
-
‫سفيد‬
-
‫سبز‬ ‫به‬ ‫مايل‬ ‫سفيد‬
‫خ‬َ
‫ر‬
:
‫کامل‬
-
‫باسطح‬ ‫مطابق‬
‫شکستگی‬
:
‫ناصاف‬
‫سختی‬
‫موس‬
:
۲٫۵-۳
‫جال‬
:
‫ای‬‫شيشه‬
-
‫صدفی‬
‫رنگ‬
‫خاکه‬
:
‫سفيد‬
‫شفافيت‬
::
‫شفاف‬
-
‫شفاف‬ ‫نيمه‬
‫وزن‬
‫مخصوص‬
:
۲٫۳-۲٫۴
‫های‬‫ويژگی‬
‫ظاهری‬
:
‫آگرگات‬
‫نهان‬
‫بلور‬
-
‫و‬ ‫است‬ ‫فراوان‬ ‫شعاعی‬
‫روسيه‬ ،‫درآلمان‬ ‫در‬ ‫بيشتر‬
(
‫اورال‬
)
،‫آمريکا‬ ،‫سوئد‬ ،
،‫يوگسالوی‬ ،‫فرانسه‬ ،‫برزيل‬
‫مجارستان‬
‫کاربرد‬
:
‫ساخت‬
‫آلومينيوم‬
‫الومينيم‬ ‫درصد‬
‫يا‬
: 𝐴𝑙2 𝑂3
7.34%
‫بوهميت‬
‫بندی‬‫رده‬
:
‫هيدروکسيد‬
‫شيميايی‬ ‫فرمول‬
(
‫بخش‬
‫تکراری‬
:)
AlOOH
‫خ‬َ
‫ر‬
:
‫خوب‬
‫موس‬ ‫سختی‬
:
۳
‫جال‬
:
‫ای‬‫شيشه‬
-
‫صدفی‬
‫رنگ‬
‫خاکه‬
:
‫سفيد‬
‫شفافيت‬
:
‫نيمه‬
‫شفاف‬
‫وزن‬
‫مخصوص‬
:
۳٫۰۷
‫های‬‫ويژگی‬
‫ظاهری‬
:
‫آگرگات‬
‫و‬ ‫است‬ ‫کمياب‬ َ
ََ
‫تقريبا‬ ‫ای‬‫توده‬
،‫ايتاليا‬ ،‫فرانسه‬ ‫در‬ ‫بيشتر‬
‫و‬ ‫آمريکا‬ ،‫آلمان‬
URSS
‫بيشتر‬ ‫توضيح‬
:
‫نامحلول‬
‫در‬
‫اسيدها‬
Al2O
۳:۸۴٫۹۹٪
H2O:
۱۵٫۰۱٪
‫گذاری‬‫نام‬‫دليل‬
:
‫از‬
‫زمين‬ ‫يک‬ ‫نام‬
‫بنام‬ ‫شناس‬ ‫ديرينه‬ ‫و‬ ‫شناس‬
Bohm
‫است‬‫شده‬ ‫گرفته‬
.
‫خاستگاه‬
:
‫اگزوژن‬
-
‫هيدروترمال‬
‫دياسپور‬
‫رنگ‬
:
‫سفيد‬
‫خاکستری‬ ،
،‫رنگ‬ ‫بی‬ ،‫رنگ‬ ‫کم‬
‫به‬ ‫مايل‬ ‫خاکستری‬
‫زرد‬ ،‫ای‬ ‫قهوه‬ ،‫سبز‬
،‫صورتی‬ ،‫رنگ‬ ‫کم‬
‫است‬ ‫ممکن‬ ‫بنفش؛‬
‫رنگ‬ ‫تغيير‬
‫دهند‬ ‫نشان‬
‫شكنندگي‬
:
‫بسيار‬
‫شكننده‬
‫موس‬ ‫سختي‬
:
6.5
-
7
‫مخصوص‬ ‫وزن‬
:
3.4
-
3.1
‫شفافيت‬
:
‫تا‬ ‫شفاف‬ ‫از‬
‫شفاف‬ ‫نيمه‬
‫حالليت‬
:
‫نامحلول‬
‫رخ‬
:
‫خوب‬
‫داده‬ ‫رنگ‬ ‫تغيير‬ ‫دياسپور‬
‫از‬ ‫بيشتر‬ ‫بوکسيت‬
‫معدنی‬ ‫مواد‬
‫آلومينيوم‬
‫گيبسيت‬
،
‫بوهميت‬
‫و‬
‫دياسپور‬
‫که‬ ‫است‬ ‫شده‬ ‫تشکيل‬
‫دو‬ ‫با‬
‫آهن‬ ‫اکسيد‬
‫گوتيت‬ ‫هماتيت‬ ‫و‬
‫مخلوط‬
‫است‬ ‫شده‬
.
‫در‬
‫کائولينيت‬ ،‫بوکسيت‬
‫رس‬ ‫خاک‬ ‫معدنی‬
‫آلومينيوم‬
‫و‬
‫آناتاز‬ ‫کمی‬ ‫مقادير‬
‫و‬
‫ايلمنيت‬ ‫نيز‬
‫دارد‬ ‫وجود‬
.
‫بوکسيت‬ ‫درخشندگی‬
‫قهوه‬ ‫رنگ‬ ‫به‬ ‫و‬ ‫مات‬
،‫قرمز‬ ‫به‬ ‫مايل‬ ‫ای‬
‫بوكسيت‬
‫جهان‬ ‫در‬ ‫بوكسيت‬ ‫معادن‬ ‫پراكندگي‬
‫و‬ ‫باشد‬‫می‬ ‫جهان‬ ‫در‬ ‫بوکسيت‬ ‫توليدکننده‬ ‫بزرگترين‬ ‫استراليا‬
‫دارد‬ ‫قرار‬ ‫دوم‬ ‫جايگاه‬ ‫در‬ ‫چين‬
.
‫سال‬ ‫در‬
۲۰۱۷
‫بزرگترين‬ ‫چين‬ ،
‫از‬ ‫نيمی‬ ‫تقريبی‬ ‫توليد‬ ‫با‬ ‫جهان‬ ‫در‬ ‫بوکسيت‬ ‫توليدکننده‬
‫کشورهای‬ ‫که‬ ‫بود‬ ‫جهان‬ ‫در‬ ‫توليدی‬ ‫بوکسيت‬
‫هند‬ ‫و‬ ‫برزيل‬ ، ‫غنا‬
‫به‬
‫داشتند‬ ‫قرار‬ ‫بعدی‬ ‫های‬‫مقام‬ ‫در‬ ‫ترتيب‬
.
‫افزايش‬ ‫رغم‬‫علی‬
‫منابع‬ ،‫جهانی‬ ‫بازارهای‬ ‫در‬ ‫آلومينيوم‬ ‫تقاضای‬ ‫روزافزون‬
‫به‬ ‫بشر‬ ‫نياز‬ ‫که‬ ‫هستند‬ ‫ای‬ ‫اندازه‬ ‫به‬ ‫بوکسيت‬ ‫شده‬ ‫يافته‬
‫نمايد‬‫می‬ ‫تأمين‬ ‫ها‬‫قرن‬ ‫برای‬ ‫را‬ ‫آلومينيوم‬
.
‫بازيافت‬ ‫رشد‬
،‫نمايد‬‫می‬ ‫الکتريکی‬ ‫انرژی‬ ‫حفظ‬ ‫به‬ ‫شايانی‬ ‫کمک‬ ‫که‬ ‫آلومينيوم‬
‫دارد‬ ‫سزايی‬ ‫به‬ ‫تأثير‬ ‫نيز‬ ‫بوکسيت‬ ‫منابع‬ ‫حفظ‬ ‫در‬
.
‫سال‬ ‫نوامبر‬ ‫ماه‬ ‫در‬
۲۰۱۰
‫وزير‬‫نخست‬ ‫دونگ‬ ‫تان‬ ‫نگوين‬ ،
‫مجموع‬ ‫به‬ ‫ويتنام‬ ‫بوکسيت‬ ‫منابع‬ ‫که‬ ‫کرد‬ ‫اعالم‬ ،‫ويتنام‬
۱۱۰۰۰
‫فرآوري‬
‫بوكسيت‬
‫ابتدايي‬
‫بوكسيت‬ ‫معادن‬ ‫فرايند‬
‫كافت‬ ‫برق‬
‫آلومينيم‬ ‫آرايي‬ ‫كانه‬ ‫و‬ ‫تغليظ‬
𝐴𝑙2𝑂3 + 2𝑂𝐻− + 3𝐻2𝑂 → 2{𝐴𝑙(𝑂𝐻)4}−
2𝐴𝑙(𝑂𝐻)3 → 𝐴𝑙2𝑂3 + 3𝐻2𝑂
‫كرايوليت‬
‫مذاب‬
𝑁𝑎3𝐴𝑙𝐹6
كانه آرايي و تغليظ.pptx
كانه آرايي و تغليظ.pptx

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كانه آرايي و تغليظ.pptx

  • 2. ‫ويژگي‬ ‫و‬ ‫آلومينيم‬ ‫تاريخچه‬ ‫آن‬ ‫هاي‬ ‫شيميايي‬ ‫فرمول‬ ‫با‬ ‫آلوم‬ ‫يستال‬ KAl (SO4)2.12H2O
  • 3. Hans Christian Ørsted 14 August 1777 – 9 March 1851 Amalgam
  • 4. Friedrich Wöhler 31 July 1800 – 23 September 1882 Henri Étienne Sainte-Claire Deville 11 March 1818 – 1 July 1881
  • 5. Deville and partners established the world's first industrial production of aluminium at a smelter in Rouen in 1856. Deville's smelter moved that year to La Glacière and then Nanterre, and in 1857 to Salindres.
  • 6. Paul Héroult 10 April 1863 – 9 May 1914 Charles Martin Hall December 6, 1863 – December 27, 1914
  • 7. Sputnik 1 was the first artificial Earth satellite
  • 8.
  • 9. ‫آلومينيم‬ ‫هاي‬ ‫كاني‬ ‫ژيپسيت‬ ‫يا‬ ‫گيبسيت‬ ‫رنگ‬ : ‫سفيد‬ ‫خاکستری‬ - ‫سفيد‬ - ‫سبز‬ ‫به‬ ‫مايل‬ ‫سفيد‬ ‫خ‬َ ‫ر‬ : ‫کامل‬ - ‫باسطح‬ ‫مطابق‬ ‫شکستگی‬ : ‫ناصاف‬ ‫سختی‬ ‫موس‬ : ۲٫۵-۳ ‫جال‬ : ‫ای‬‫شيشه‬ - ‫صدفی‬ ‫رنگ‬ ‫خاکه‬ : ‫سفيد‬ ‫شفافيت‬ :: ‫شفاف‬ - ‫شفاف‬ ‫نيمه‬ ‫وزن‬ ‫مخصوص‬ : ۲٫۳-۲٫۴ ‫های‬‫ويژگی‬ ‫ظاهری‬ : ‫آگرگات‬ ‫نهان‬ ‫بلور‬ - ‫و‬ ‫است‬ ‫فراوان‬ ‫شعاعی‬ ‫روسيه‬ ،‫درآلمان‬ ‫در‬ ‫بيشتر‬ ( ‫اورال‬ ) ،‫آمريکا‬ ،‫سوئد‬ ، ،‫يوگسالوی‬ ،‫فرانسه‬ ،‫برزيل‬ ‫مجارستان‬ ‫کاربرد‬ : ‫ساخت‬ ‫آلومينيوم‬ ‫الومينيم‬ ‫درصد‬ ‫يا‬ : 𝐴𝑙2 𝑂3 7.34%
  • 10. ‫بوهميت‬ ‫بندی‬‫رده‬ : ‫هيدروکسيد‬ ‫شيميايی‬ ‫فرمول‬ ( ‫بخش‬ ‫تکراری‬ :) AlOOH ‫خ‬َ ‫ر‬ : ‫خوب‬ ‫موس‬ ‫سختی‬ : ۳ ‫جال‬ : ‫ای‬‫شيشه‬ - ‫صدفی‬ ‫رنگ‬ ‫خاکه‬ : ‫سفيد‬ ‫شفافيت‬ : ‫نيمه‬ ‫شفاف‬ ‫وزن‬ ‫مخصوص‬ : ۳٫۰۷ ‫های‬‫ويژگی‬ ‫ظاهری‬ : ‫آگرگات‬ ‫و‬ ‫است‬ ‫کمياب‬ َ ََ ‫تقريبا‬ ‫ای‬‫توده‬ ،‫ايتاليا‬ ،‫فرانسه‬ ‫در‬ ‫بيشتر‬ ‫و‬ ‫آمريکا‬ ،‫آلمان‬ URSS ‫بيشتر‬ ‫توضيح‬ : ‫نامحلول‬ ‫در‬ ‫اسيدها‬ Al2O ۳:۸۴٫۹۹٪ H2O: ۱۵٫۰۱٪ ‫گذاری‬‫نام‬‫دليل‬ : ‫از‬ ‫زمين‬ ‫يک‬ ‫نام‬ ‫بنام‬ ‫شناس‬ ‫ديرينه‬ ‫و‬ ‫شناس‬ Bohm ‫است‬‫شده‬ ‫گرفته‬ . ‫خاستگاه‬ : ‫اگزوژن‬ - ‫هيدروترمال‬
  • 11. ‫دياسپور‬ ‫رنگ‬ : ‫سفيد‬ ‫خاکستری‬ ، ،‫رنگ‬ ‫بی‬ ،‫رنگ‬ ‫کم‬ ‫به‬ ‫مايل‬ ‫خاکستری‬ ‫زرد‬ ،‫ای‬ ‫قهوه‬ ،‫سبز‬ ،‫صورتی‬ ،‫رنگ‬ ‫کم‬ ‫است‬ ‫ممکن‬ ‫بنفش؛‬ ‫رنگ‬ ‫تغيير‬ ‫دهند‬ ‫نشان‬ ‫شكنندگي‬ : ‫بسيار‬ ‫شكننده‬ ‫موس‬ ‫سختي‬ : 6.5 - 7 ‫مخصوص‬ ‫وزن‬ : 3.4 - 3.1 ‫شفافيت‬ : ‫تا‬ ‫شفاف‬ ‫از‬ ‫شفاف‬ ‫نيمه‬ ‫حالليت‬ : ‫نامحلول‬ ‫رخ‬ : ‫خوب‬ ‫داده‬ ‫رنگ‬ ‫تغيير‬ ‫دياسپور‬
  • 12. ‫از‬ ‫بيشتر‬ ‫بوکسيت‬ ‫معدنی‬ ‫مواد‬ ‫آلومينيوم‬ ‫گيبسيت‬ ، ‫بوهميت‬ ‫و‬ ‫دياسپور‬ ‫که‬ ‫است‬ ‫شده‬ ‫تشکيل‬ ‫دو‬ ‫با‬ ‫آهن‬ ‫اکسيد‬ ‫گوتيت‬ ‫هماتيت‬ ‫و‬ ‫مخلوط‬ ‫است‬ ‫شده‬ . ‫در‬ ‫کائولينيت‬ ،‫بوکسيت‬ ‫رس‬ ‫خاک‬ ‫معدنی‬ ‫آلومينيوم‬ ‫و‬ ‫آناتاز‬ ‫کمی‬ ‫مقادير‬ ‫و‬ ‫ايلمنيت‬ ‫نيز‬ ‫دارد‬ ‫وجود‬ . ‫بوکسيت‬ ‫درخشندگی‬ ‫قهوه‬ ‫رنگ‬ ‫به‬ ‫و‬ ‫مات‬ ،‫قرمز‬ ‫به‬ ‫مايل‬ ‫ای‬ ‫بوكسيت‬
  • 13. ‫جهان‬ ‫در‬ ‫بوكسيت‬ ‫معادن‬ ‫پراكندگي‬ ‫و‬ ‫باشد‬‫می‬ ‫جهان‬ ‫در‬ ‫بوکسيت‬ ‫توليدکننده‬ ‫بزرگترين‬ ‫استراليا‬ ‫دارد‬ ‫قرار‬ ‫دوم‬ ‫جايگاه‬ ‫در‬ ‫چين‬ . ‫سال‬ ‫در‬ ۲۰۱۷ ‫بزرگترين‬ ‫چين‬ ، ‫از‬ ‫نيمی‬ ‫تقريبی‬ ‫توليد‬ ‫با‬ ‫جهان‬ ‫در‬ ‫بوکسيت‬ ‫توليدکننده‬ ‫کشورهای‬ ‫که‬ ‫بود‬ ‫جهان‬ ‫در‬ ‫توليدی‬ ‫بوکسيت‬ ‫هند‬ ‫و‬ ‫برزيل‬ ، ‫غنا‬ ‫به‬ ‫داشتند‬ ‫قرار‬ ‫بعدی‬ ‫های‬‫مقام‬ ‫در‬ ‫ترتيب‬ . ‫افزايش‬ ‫رغم‬‫علی‬ ‫منابع‬ ،‫جهانی‬ ‫بازارهای‬ ‫در‬ ‫آلومينيوم‬ ‫تقاضای‬ ‫روزافزون‬ ‫به‬ ‫بشر‬ ‫نياز‬ ‫که‬ ‫هستند‬ ‫ای‬ ‫اندازه‬ ‫به‬ ‫بوکسيت‬ ‫شده‬ ‫يافته‬ ‫نمايد‬‫می‬ ‫تأمين‬ ‫ها‬‫قرن‬ ‫برای‬ ‫را‬ ‫آلومينيوم‬ . ‫بازيافت‬ ‫رشد‬ ،‫نمايد‬‫می‬ ‫الکتريکی‬ ‫انرژی‬ ‫حفظ‬ ‫به‬ ‫شايانی‬ ‫کمک‬ ‫که‬ ‫آلومينيوم‬ ‫دارد‬ ‫سزايی‬ ‫به‬ ‫تأثير‬ ‫نيز‬ ‫بوکسيت‬ ‫منابع‬ ‫حفظ‬ ‫در‬ . ‫سال‬ ‫نوامبر‬ ‫ماه‬ ‫در‬ ۲۰۱۰ ‫وزير‬‫نخست‬ ‫دونگ‬ ‫تان‬ ‫نگوين‬ ، ‫مجموع‬ ‫به‬ ‫ويتنام‬ ‫بوکسيت‬ ‫منابع‬ ‫که‬ ‫کرد‬ ‫اعالم‬ ،‫ويتنام‬ ۱۱۰۰۰
  • 16.
  • 17. 𝐴𝑙2𝑂3 + 2𝑂𝐻− + 3𝐻2𝑂 → 2{𝐴𝑙(𝑂𝐻)4}− 2𝐴𝑙(𝑂𝐻)3 → 𝐴𝑙2𝑂3 + 3𝐻2𝑂