Jarek Kurnitskin esitys "EU:n päästö- ja energiaohjauksen tiekartta nollaenergia-rakentamiseen ERA17 – nZEB – D3 2012" 7.4.2011 Swegonin Air Academyssa, jonka aihe oli "Roolimme Suomen energiavisiossa vuodelle 2017".
15. REHVA benchmarking:
• Roadmap of some
countries towards
nearly zero energy
buildings to improve
energy performance
of new buildings
• Many countries have
prepared long term
roadmaps with
detailed targets
• Helps industry to
prepare/commit to
the targets
Federation of European Heating, Ventilation and Air-conditioning Associations
16. REHVA benchmarking study: incentives
Federation of European Heating, Ventilation and Air-conditioning Associations
23. REHVA TF nZEB – system boundary
DELIVERED ENERGY
E = ∑ (Edel ,i − Eexp,i ) fi
EXPORTED ENERGY i
System boundary for nearly net zero energy building definition, connecting a
building to energy networks. Net delivered energy is delivered Edel,i minus
exported energy Eexp,i accounted separately for each energy carrier i. Primary
energy E is calculated with primary energy factors fi (simplified equation with
the same factors for delivered and exported energy carriers)
Federation of European Heating, Ventilation and Air-conditioning Associations
24. REHVA Task Force “Nearly Zero Energy
Buildings” nZEB proposed definitions
nZEB has exact performance
net zero energy building (nZEB) level of 0 kWh/(m2 a) primary
energy use of 0 kWh/(m2 a) primary energy energy use
NOTE 1 A nZEB is typically a grid connected building with very high energy performance. nZEB
balances its primary energy use so that the primary energy feed-in to the grid or other energy network
equals to the primary energy delivered to nZEB from energy networks. Annual balance of 0 kWh/(m2 a)
primary energy use typically leads to the situation where significant amount of the on-site energy
generation will be exchanged with the grid. Therefore a nZEB produces energy when conditions are
suitable, and uses delivered energy during rest of the time.
nearly net zero energy building (nnZEB)
national cost optimal energy use of > 0 kWh/(m2 a) primary energy
NOTE 1 The Commission shall establish by 30 June 2011 a comparative methodology framework for
calculation of cost-optimal levels (EPBD recast).
nnZEB depends on national
conditions
Federation of European Heating, Ventilation and Air-conditioning Associations
27. Example – nnZEB Office building
REHVA Task Force “Nearly Zero Energy Buildings” nZEB
• An office building in Paris
• a gas boiler for heating with seasonal efficiency of 90%
• free cooling from boreholes (about 1/3 of the need) is used and the
rest is covered with mechanical cooling
• for borehole cooling, seasonal energy efficiency ratio of 10 is used
and for mechanical cooling 3.5
• Ventilation system with specific fan power of 1.2 kW/(m3/s) will use
5.6 kWh/(m2 a) fan energy.
• a solar PV system providing 15.0 kWh/(m2 a), from which 6.0 is
utilized in the building and 9.0 is exported to the grid
Federation of European Heating, Ventilation and Air-conditioning Associations
29. Example – nnZEB Office building
System boundary of net delivered energy
System boundary of delivered energy
Solar and internal 15.0 PV electricity,
from which 6.0 used
heat gains/loads in the building and
9.0 exported
NET ENERGY NEED (47.2 kWh/(m2 a)) NET ENERGY NEED
Appliances BUILDING TECHNICAL
(47.2 kWh/(m2 a))
(users') SYSTEMS
10,8 Lighting
Boiler DELIVERED ENERGY
3.8 heating 3.8/0.9 = 4.2
Space Fuel 4.2
21,5 heating Free cooling
1,1
Heating of 11.9 cooling
0,6 4.0/10 = 0.4
3,2
air in AHU Compressor cooling
Cooling in 21.5 appliances Electricity 33.8
Net delivered energy
room units 7.9/3.5 = 2.3
10
Cooling of 10.0 lighting Ventilation 5.6
air in AHU
Appliances 21.5
Heat exchange Lighting 10.0
through the
(Sum of electricity 39.8)
building envelope
EXPORTED ENERGY
Electricity 9.0
Primary energy:
4.2*1.0 + (33.8-9.0)*2.5 = 66 kWh/(m2 a)
• Electricity use of cooling, ventilation, lighting and appliances is 39.8 kWh/(m2 a)
• Solar electricity of 15.0 kWh/(m2 a) reduces the net delivered electricity to 24.8 kWh/(m2 a)
• Net delivered fuel energy (caloric value of delivered natural gas) is 4.2 kWh/(m2 a) and primary
energy is 66 kWh/(m2 a)
Federation of European Heating, Ventilation and Air-conditioning Associations
51. Toimistorakennus 1
• Laajuus bruttoala 7592 m2, nettoala 7090 m2
• Ikkunoiden osuus ulkoseinästä 39 %
• Vertailutason E-luku: 213 kWh/(m2,a)
• Saavutettu E-luku: 188 kWh/(m2,a)
– LTO parannus, suunnitelmien mukainen
(kiekot, lämpötilasuhde 0,75, vuosihyötysuhde 60%)
– Valaistusteho suunnitelmien mukaiset, tilatyyppikohtainen
(toimistot 11 W/m2, huoneissa läsnäolo-ohjaus (kerroin 0,9))
• Suuri ulkovaippa
• Isot ikkuna-alat
• Ei parkkihallia rakennuksen alla
Jarek Kurnitski
15.3.2011
52. Toimistorakennus 2
• Laajuus, brutto 9618, netto 9093
• Rakennuksen alla parkkihalli, joka ei mukana laskennassa
• Ikkunoiden osuus ulkoseinästä 34 %
• Vertailutason E-luku: 203 kWh/(m2,a)
• Saavutettu E-luku: 182 kWh/(m2,a)
– LTO parannettu suunnitelmien mukaiseen ratkaisuun
(toimistokoneet kiekko, lämpötilasuhde 0,75, vuosihyötysuhde 60%)
• Rakennuksen muoto melko yksinkertainen
• Melko iso ikkunoiden osuus
• Alapohjan lämpöhäviö puolilämpimään P-halliin
Jarek Kurnitski
15.3.2011