18. Speech act type Direction of fit s – speaker x - situation It was a warm sunny day. John is a liar. S believes X make words fit the world Representatives I pronounce you man and wife. You’re fired. S causes X words change the world Declarations
19. Speech act type Direction of fit s – speaker x - situation Don’t touch that (commands, orders, suggestions) S wants X make the world fit words Directives I’m really sorry. Happy birthday! (statements of pleasure, joy, sorrow, etc.) S feels X make words fit the world Expressives
20. Speech act type Direction of fit s – speaker x - situation I’ll be back (promises, threats, pledges – what we intend to do) S intends X make the world fit words Commissives
![The term ‘pragmatics’ ,[object Object],[object Object],Pragmatics is the study of the relation of linguistic units to people who communicate Semantics is the study of the relation of linguistic units to the objects they denote Syntax is the study of the grammatical relations of linguistic units to one another and the grammatical structures of phrases and sentences that result from these grammatical relation](data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAIAAAAAAAP///yH5BAEAAAAALAAAAAABAAEAAAIBRAA7)