brief overview of plaque control including mechanical plaque control, images, interdental aids, composition of toothpaste, classification of plaque control, toothbrushing technique, manual method of plaque control

1. MECHANICALWAYSOFPLAQUECONTROL
By SNEHA ARYA
3RD YEAR BDS

2. Definition
dental plaque is
defined as a
specific but
highly variable
structural
entity,resulting
from sequential
colonization of
micro organisms
on tooth
surface,restoratio
n and other parts
of oral cavity.
Dental plaque is the major etiology of maximum gingival and
periodontal diseases. It is also related with various dental
problems.HENCE evaluating the patient accordingly is important.

3. composition
of plaque
Dental plaque has
been more recently
referred to as the dental
bioilm or simply the
bioilm, which is a more
complete and accurate
description of its
composition (bio) and
structure [film)

4. It can be
achieved either
mechanically or
chemically or
combination of
both.
In present discussion, we
shall discuss the self
performed mechanical
plaque control

5. Classification of mechanical plaque control
Toothbrushes
Manual
Electric
Ionic
Chewable
Ecological
End tuft
Sulcabrushes
Beam
Interdental aids
Dental floss
Tooth picks
Interdental brushes
Yarn
Super floss
Perio aid
Aids for gingival
stimulation
-Rubber tip
stimulator
-Basal wood
wedges
Others
Tongue cleaners
Gauze strips
Oral irrigation devices
Aids for
complete/ partial
edentulous
patients
Denture and
partial clasp
brushes

6. Toothbrush
Manual :
~theADA specification 14 for tooth brush is:
◦ length of brushing surface= 25.4 - 31.8 mm
◦ width of brushing surface = 7.9 - 9.5mm
◦ rows of bristles = 2-4
◦ tufts per row= 5-12
◦ bristles per tuft = 80-86
~ideal requirements :
◦ durable
◦ bristle should be smooth and not injure the
ginguva
◦ flexible and easy to manipulate
◦ easily cleanable bristles {nylon bristles are
more hygienic than natural}
◦ cost effective and meet the individual
requirement

7. method of brushing
◦ various methods:
◦ circular -Fones technique
◦ vertical- Leonard technique
◦ horizontal- Scrub technique
◦ vibratory- Stillman ,Charters,Bass technique
◦ roll - modified Stillman technique

8. ~ELECTRIC TOOTHBRUSHES
◦ It works by performing oscillating or rotatory action of bristles which is driven by a motor
◦ divided into three classes according to speed of bristle movement :
a) standard power toothbrushes
b) sonic toothbrushes
c) ultrasonic toothbrushes
~IONIC TOOTHBRUSHES
- it work on the of changing the surface charge of the tooth to repel plaque even from
inaccessible areas of teeth.
- it also between the pellicles and batteria ,mediated by calcium bridges by the
anions supplied from the lithium of the battery in the toothbrush

9. ~Chewable toothbrush
◦ miniature plastic molded toothbrush
◦ commomly used during travelling
◦ disposed after use
~ Ecological toothbrushes
◦ biodegradable
◦ eually satisfactory
◦ spme has added antibacterial properties
◦ eg- bamboo, neem toothbrush
~ Beam toothbrushes
◦ attached sensor to record and map
brushing behavior of the patient
~Sulcabrushes
◦ designed to clean the teeth along gingival
margin
◦ used to clean difficult to reach areas like:
-3rd molars,
-interdental areas between crowded teeth
,bridges,and fixed orthodontic aplliances
~End tuft brushes
-smal round head with seven tufts of tightly
packed soft nylon bristles
-bristles are trimmed in centre can reach
deeper into small spaces

10. composition of toothpaste

11. INTERDENTAL AIDS

12. AIDS FOR GINGIVAL STIMULATION
◦ RUBBER TIP STIMULATOR
◦ used by placing the rubber tip interdentally
and in a coronal direction.
◦ using an in-and-out motion,the tip is
rubbed against the teeth and into the
contact areas
◦ BASAL WOOD WEDGE
◦ it gets moistened with saliva and ecomes
soft and conforms readily to contour
bordering interproximal spaces between
the teeth.

13. Others
◦ TONGUE CLEANER
◦ its used to clean the dorsum of the tongue
which provides a large area for the
accumulation of various
microorganism,food debris,and dead cells
◦ GAUZE STRIPS
◦ It is specifically useful when a broad
surface has been exposed due to loss of
teeth.
◦ ORAL IRRIGATION DEVICES
◦ the supra and subgingival irrigation with
water or antimicrobial agents have been
demonstrated to reduce the microbial load
in periodontal pockets thereby reducing the
gingival inflammation

14. The mechanical plaque control is the the conerstone of the oral hygience
maintaince procedure. However , all of these aids are not indicated for every
individual. Hence, it is recommended that every individual should be properly
evaluted and should be prescribed oral hygiene aids as per his/her need.

15. REFERENCES
1. A textbook of public health dentistry - CM MARYA
2 . Mechanical plaque control - www.periobasics.com
3. Oral hygiene - pubmed
4. Mechanical and chemical plaque control - www.onlinelibrary.wiley.com
5. Google images
6. art and science of operative dentistry- STURDEVANT`S