presentation is about Orthosis and prosthesis. It gives Classification of Orthosis. It describes structure, function, Indication and uses of Orthosis. Also describes different types of Prostheses, their parts and function.

1. ORTHOTICS & PROSTHETICS
SNEHAL DESAI.
Associate Professor
OccupationalTherapy

2. DEFINITIONS
 Orthotics - The science that deals with orthoses
designed to provide external control, correction,
and support. (orthoses = braces)
 Orthosis is an appliance used to support part of
a body or perform certain function.
 Splint is an appliance used to support / assist
/immobilize part of a body.
 Caliper is a device which is applied to lower limb
to give support or control a joint while walking

3. FUNCTION OF ORTHOSES
 Prevents deformity
 Corrects deformity
 Maintains correction
 Corrects instability
 Relieves pain
 Relieves weight bearing
 Facilitates ambulation

4. General classification
 ❖ Static orthoses: As the word static
implies, these devices do not allow active
motion.They serve as a rigid support in stable
fractures, inflammatory conditions of
tendons and soft tissue,
 ❖ Dynamic orthoses: These devices do
permit active motion.These types of upper
extremity orthoses are used primarily to
assist movement of weak muscles and to
augment motion of joints.

5. STATIC SPLINTS
 STATIC : Given for rest/ immobilization.
Ex. Straight gutter splint, stax splint
 STATIC SERIAL: Correction of contractures.
Ex. LowTemperatureThermoplastic splints
which are remolded periodically
 STATIC PROGRESSIVE:Augments motion by
inbuilt mechanism in the splint. Ex bunnel’s
splint, web strap, Robert Jones s, turn buckle

6. Name Use
Cervical collar Neck immobilization
Philadelphia collar Neck immobilization
Four- post collar
SOMI Brace
Cervical spine injury
Halo vest Cervical spine injury
TB cervical spine

7. Cervical Collar
neck pain
cervical spondylosis

8. Philadelphia collar
 Upper cervical Immobilization
 Very Light Weight & washable
 Front And Back Durable Plastic Limits
Motion
 Ant. Opening Provides Easy Access For
Carotid Pulse AndTracheotomies
 Basic Indications: upper cervical spine
 Stable/Simple Fractures
 Reduced Dislocations
 Transitioning From Halo Body Jacket

9. Philadelphia
collar
prevents flexion
maintains neck contour
mentosternal contracture
release

10. FOUR POST COLLAR. (CO)
The Four-post cervical
orthosis is an occipital
and Mandibular
immobilizing orthosis
Function: Immobilization
of Mid Cervical Spine
less effective for lower
Cx spine unless
modified
Indication: for stable
fractures , Pre & Post

11. The SOMI is a rigid, 3-(adjustable
)poster CTO that has an anterior
chest plate extending to the xiphoid
process, as well as metal or plastic
bars that curve over the shoulder.
Straps from the metal bars go over
the shoulder and cross to the
opposite side of the anterior plate
for fixation. Occipital piece is
attached to ant. Chest piece. A
removable chin piece attaches to
the chest plate with an optional
headpiece that can be used when
the chin piece is removed for

12. SOMI: Sternal Occiputal Mandibular
Immobilizer. (CTO)
The SOMI controls
flexion and rotation at
the Higher cervical
segments very
effectively.. . Less
control on extension
than the other braces
Indication-, higher
Level cervial trauma or
arthritis
Ideal for bed ridden pt &
FIRST AID

13. MENERVA CAST. (CTO)
FUNCTION:
Rigid immobilization of
cervical Spine
INDICATION:
Stable Cx spine
undisplaced fracture s
Compressed fracture
vertebral bodies

14. HALO VEST IMMOBILIZATION
FUNCTION : Rigid immobilization
for C1 through C8 cervical spine
INDICATION : Unstable cervical
spine injuries, AAD,
As well as (only if conserved)
Undisplaced fracture s
Compressed fracture vertebral
bodies
T.B Cervical spine

16. L.S.BELT & L.S.FRAME (LSO)

17. L.S.BELT & L.S.FRAME
 L.S.BELT: Back ache
 L.S . FRAME: rigid support to the lumbo
sacral region.
Control Chronic low back pain with or without
sciatica.

18. ASH (Anterior spinal hyper extension) brace (TLSO)
 Fn: prevents flexion of
Middle & lower thorasic
Lumbosacral spine
INDICATIONS: Adlolescent
Kyphosis
 Compression Fractures
 T.B. Spine, where there is
no marked deformity
 Senile Osteoporosis.
 To prevent flexion post
operatively

19. TAYLOR’S BRACE (TLO)
Consists of spring steel
pelvic band
extending upto ASIS
2 Post uprights
Cross bar at just below
scapular L.
Shoulder straps going
through axilla
Abd. Rigid Support
below umbilicus

20. TAYLOR’S BRACE WITH OR WITHOUT AXILLARY
CRUTCHES (TLO)
 FUNCTION: limits flexion,
extension &lateral flexion of
Thoraco-lumbar spine .D4TO
L2.
 Prevents Kyphosis
 INDICATION:
 Conservative management of
Kochs
 MildThoraco- Lumbar injuries
Post operative rehabilitation.

21. Milwaukee brace for Scoliosis(CTLSO)

22. Boston brace for Scoliosis (TLSO)
For the treatment ofAdolescent Idiopathic
Scoliosis & Juvenile idiopathic scoliosis - occurs
in children between the ages of 3 to 10 .

23. TOTAL CONTACT BRACE

24. INTERNATIONAL
Nomenclature Common name
 AFO
 KAFO
 HKAFO
 THKAFO
 Surgical shoe (FO)
 Below knee caliper
 Above knee caliper

27. Posterior/spring Leaf splint

28. Dennis Brown Splint
 a splint for the correction of clubfoot, composed
of a curved bar attached to the soles of a pair of
shoes.
External Rotation is adjusted by butterfly nuts on
sole
Fore foot abduction possible due to shape of the
foot
Givenafter manipulation have effectively reduced
the deformity.

29. DENNIS BROWN SPLINT FOR CTEV
 Ext. Rot. 70 degrees
for affected leg
 20 degrees for non
affected
 Abd. Of fore foot In
shoe design
 Up to age of 2 years
 For maintaining
corrected feet in
position
 Worn at night

30. Steenbeek brace
 The Steenbeek brace developed in Uganda by
Michiel Steenbeek and David Okello, is made
with local tools (leather sewing machine, metal-
working equipment, welding tools) and
materials (leather, lining, plywood, mild steel
rod stock).
 Low cost splint

31. Parts of shoe
 Outer sole
 Heel
 Upper: vamp and
quarter
 Lace stays
 Tongue
 Toe box:
 counter

32. Usual Shoe modifications
 Heel Raise
 Total Raise
 Arch Support
 Thomas Heel(C&E )
 Reverse C&E Heel
 MT Bar
 Outside heel float

34. Thomas heel for pes planovalgus
 shoe correction consisting
of a heel one half inch longe
r and an eighth to a sixth of
an inch higher on the
medial side
 brings the heel of the foot
into varus and prevents
depression in the region of
the head of the talus.

35. METATARSAL BAR
Ideal for treating
metatarsalgia - a
common foot
disorder that causes
pain in the metatarsal
area

36. Outside heel float
 FUNCTION: Prevents
inversion injury
 INDICATION:
Repeated inversion
Injury to lateral
ligament of ankle

37. Splint for Hallux valgus

38. Floor Reaction Orthosis (KAFO)

39. FLOOR REACTION ORTHOSIS

40. Long knee brace (KO)
Function: Immobilizes
knee in ext.
Indication:
 Fractures around knee
post operatively
 Lat. Dislocation of
patella post
manupulation

41. Hinge knee brace (KO)
 Supports knee laterally
throught out the knee
range
 Indication:
 Knee instability due to
med. & lateral
ligament injury
 Post operative
rehabilitation

42. Splint with de-rotation strap(KO)
 Provides Lateral
and rotational
stability to knee
 Used post
Anterior cruciate
Ligament
repair
 Multiple
ligament
instability

43. KO
 Post. Guard
 Push knee splint
 Knee cage/ turn buckle
 Serial splinting
 Knee flexion deformity
up to 15 degrees
 15 to 35 degrees
 More than 35 degrees
 Soft tissue contracture

44. PTB Brace with foot plate
 Fracture tibia middle
third
 Foot plate is given in
lower thirdTibial
fracture
 It Relives weight
partially

45. Hip abduction orthosis(HO)
 INDICATION:
 BilateralTHR
 Perthes disease
 Post burn contracture
release of inguinal
region
 Congenital dislocation
of hip (CDH)

47. B.K.& A.K.Prosthesis
Components
 Suspension
 Socket
 Shank/Shin piece
 Ankle foot
assembly
Components
 Suspension
 Socket
 Knee Joint
 Shank/Shin piece
 Ankle foot
assembly

48. Suspension
 Suction
 Thigh corset
 Silesian belt
 Pelvic belt with hip joint
 Shoulder suspendor

49. B.K.PROSTHESIS

51. End Bearing stump
Side bearing or Total Contact

53. PYLON

55. Ankle Foot Assembly
 Non Articulated Articulated
Jaipur foot
madras foot Single Axis Multiple Axis
 SACH
 SAFE
 Dynamic response foot

56. Jaipur foot Sach foot

57.  Cheap, durable ,water resistant ,

58. Madras foot
 It is modified SACH foot
 GivesT.A. like look posteriorly
 Sponge between heel and ground

60. SACH (solid ankle-cushion heel)
 non-articulated foot.
 The keel is rigid.
 Ankle action is provided by the soft rubber heel
which compresses under load during the early
part of the stance phase of walking..
 The rubber heel wedges are available in three
densities: soft, medium, and hard

61. SAFE: stationary attachment flexible
endoskeletal
," a foot whose arrangement of
several flexible, internal keels
permits triplanar movement.

62. SAFE: stationary attachment flexible
endoskeletal
 ability for the sole to conform to slightly
irregular surfaces
 easier for the amputee to walk over uneven
terrain.
 Feet of this type make walking easier because
of the flexibility,
 ALSO called "flexible keel" feet.

63. DYNAMIC RESPONSE FEET

64. The Flex-Foot Cheetah
 . It is made
from carbon fibre
reinforced polymer,
 it stores kinetic energy
from the wearer's steps
as potential energy,
like a spring, allowing
the wearer to run and
jump
 used by athletes

65. Upper Limb Prosthesis
 Components
 Socket
 Suspension system
 Elbow unit for A.E.
 Forearm
 Wrist Unit
 Terminal device : HAND /HOOK
 Power transmission system
Contd..

66.  AE PROSTHESIS
 PROSTHESIS FOR BE
PROSTHESIS

67. VOTD & VCTD,COSMETIC HAND

68. Myoelectric B.E.Prosthesis

69. Smart phone embeded

70. Thalidomide baby
 Bilateral A.E.Prosthesis
 Bilateral hip
disarticulation
prosthesis

71. Name Use
Volkmann's splint I
Turnbuckle
Volkmann's ischaemic
contracture (VIC)
Cock-up splint Radial nerve palsy
Aeroplane splint Brachial plexus injury

74. Elbow turn buckle splint

76. Humeral Brace
 Sarmianto’s principle
 Simple mid humeral
fractures

77.  Isolated ulnar fractures
which are inherently
stable (if the radioulnar
joints are not disrupted

78. BRACES WITH HINGE