BIM – Just another buzzword or a real change in the Industry? - Professor Arto Kiviniemi

BIM
–
just
another
buzzword

or
a
real
change
in
the
industry?

Prof.
Arto
Kiviniemi

Digital
Architectural
Design

10th
November
2010

Arto Kiviniemi - Professorial lecture 10/11/2010
Content of the presentation
  What
is
BIM?

  Some
key
points
in
the
history
of
BIM

  Open
BIM
-‐
Interoperability
and
IFC

  Where
is
the
market
now?

  Some
obstacles
and
problems

  Some
potenNal
beneﬁts

  Requirements
&
examples
of
successful
deployment

  Future
development
needs?

What is BIM?
  Building
InformaNon
Modelling
is
the
process
of

generaNng
and
managing
building
data
during
its
life

cycle
(Wikipedia)

  Building
InformaNon
Models

•  are
typically
produced
using
3-‐dimensional,
dynamic

building
modeling
soVware

•  include
geometry,
properNes,
quanNNes,
spaNal
and

funcNonal
relaNonships
of
building
components,
and

possibly
geographical
informaNon
(GIS)

  Integrated
BIM

•  consists
of
several
domain
models;
requirements,

architectural,
structural,
MEP,
producNon,
as-‐built,

maintenance…

•  requires
interoperability

© VTT Arto Kiviniemi
Information is
exchanged as documents
- often just on paper -
which causes non-value-
adding work, friction,
data losses and errors
Traditional document/2D-based process

Information is shared in
an exploitable data format directly
between different systems
Integrated BIM-based process

Some key points in the history of BIM
  Charles
Eastman:
“The
use
of
computers
instead
of
drawings
in
building

design,”
Journal
of
the
American
InsNtute
of
Architects,
March
1975

  Early
building
product
modelling
research
in
1980s
and
1990s

•  RATAS,
Combine
2,
ISO
STEP

•  According
to
Jerry
Laiserin
the
ﬁrst
implementaNon
of
BIM
was

GraphisoV's
Virtual
Building
concept
in
1987.

  Interoperability
-‐
IAI/buildingSMART

•  Industry
Alliance
for
Interoperability
in
1994;
12
founding
members:

AT&T,
Archibus,
Autodesk,
Carrier,
HOK,
Honeywell,
Jaros
Baum
&
Bolles,

LBNL,

Primavera,
SoVdesk,
Timberline,
and
Tishman

•  InternaNonal
Alliance
for
Interoperability
in
1996;
7
founding
chapters:

French
Speaking,
German
Speaking,
Japan,
Nordic,
North
America,

Singapore
and
UK.
Later
new
chapters:
Australasia,
Benelux,
China,

Iberia,
Italia,
Korea,
Middle
East

•  New
name
“buildingSMART
InternaNonal”
in
2005

  Term
BIM
launched
by
Phil
Bernstein
(Autodesk)
in
2002

  GSA
and
Senate
ProperNes
started
to
demand
BIM
in
their
projects
in
2007

Open
BIM
–

Interoperability
and
IFC

IFC is only a part of the solution
 IFC
is
only
an
enabling
speciﬁca5on;
one

component
for
soVware
development
and

implementaNon

 SoluNon
components:

•  Enabling
technologies

•  ICT
infrastructure

•  Enabling
speciﬁcaNons

•  SoVware
applicaNons

•  Processes

•  Business
models

•  People

Common ICT
development
IAI/IFC (+ others)
Software industry
AEC/FM industry

Arto Kiviniemi - Professorial lecture 10/11/2010© Tekla: Leif Granholm 2009
Common (mis)understanding:
IFC data is the master model

Arto Kiviniemi - Professorial lecture 10/11/2010© Tekla: Leif Granholm 2009
The correct image:
IFC enables data sharing,
native models are the masters

Where
is
the
market
now?

Where are we on the Hype Cycle?
?
?
?
?
?
?

BIM market transition
Early

market

Tornado
Main
stream

Bowling

alley
Chasm

Forerunners

(Innovators)

Visionaries

(Early
adopters)

PragmaNsts

(Early
majority)

ConservaNves

(Late
majority)

SkepNcs

(Laggards)

Early

1990s

Expected

situaNon
in

5-‐10
years

Current

market

situaNon

Market
saturaNon

Some
obstacles
and
problems

Slow adoption of integrated BIM
  Fragmented
industry
–
no
strong
drivers

•  Large
number
of
shareholders
with
potenNally

conflicNng
interests
in
every
project

•  Ad-‐hoc
project
partners
=
no
cumulaNve
learning,

lowest
common
denominator
defines
the
level
of

integraNon

•  Very
few
sponsors
for
common
development

•  “Great
idea.
Tell
me
when
it
is
ready.”

  ImplementaNon
of
open
standards
(IFC)
has
been

slow
and
suffered
from
inadequate
quality

•  Too
many
different
versions

•  Some
disappoinNng
results
in
early
projects

17

General obstacles
  Sub-‐opNmizaNon

•  Typically
low
bid
in
every
task,
although
minimized

design
and
planning
effort
can
lead
into
significant

addiNonal
costs
in
producNon

•  SeparaNon
of
design
and
producNon
knowledge

  Legal
responsibiliNes
–
changes
may
increase

uncertainty
and
risks

  In
general
change
adverse
aqtude

•  Known
exisNng
problems,
but
“Rather
the
devil
we

know.”

•  Nobody
wants
to
be
the
first;
“It
is
the
second
mouse

who
gets
the
cheese!”

19

Changing business case
  Required
investments
and
achieved
benefits
do
not

necessarily
affect
the
same
player

•  More
work
and
added-‐value
in
the
early
phases
of
the

process,
direct
gains
mainly
in
later
phases

•  Who
wins,
who
loses,
or
should
we
re-‐think
the

rewards?
–
Good
results
of
IPD
in
USA

  No
real
process
owners

•  Systemic
innovaNons
–
changes
affecNng
several
actors

–
are
difficult
to
implement

  Most
clients
do
not
know
what
to
demand
and
how

to
control
the
new
processes

•  Missing
baseline
-‐
difficult
to
compare
offers
and
results

20

Briefing for
Changes
Sketching Design,
Engineering
Facility
Management
Construction
Briefing
Demolition
Planning,
Cost
Information
Focus of BIM has been mainly in projects

Should we look at clients’ business?
Change
adaptation
Client’s
core business
FM
services
Building
process
Design
Construction

BIM to become part of public procurement process
1 October 2010 | By Anna Winston
http://www.bdonline.co.uk/news/uk/bim-to-become-part-of-public-procurement-process/5006655.article

Is this the industry response?
Or
should
we
think
why

clients
want
BIM?

26
Source: Organizing to Exploit Integrated Information Technologies
Ray Levitt and John Taylor, CIFE - Stanford University 2005

27
Source: Organizing to Exploit Integrated Information Technologies
Ray Levitt and John Taylor, CIFE - Stanford University 2005

Requirements
&
examples
of

successful
deployment

Six steps to ”successful BIM”
30

Why to try to do everything in one go?
31

Why to start from the most complex one?
32

Top level support and strategy

34
BIM: five 0 in construction process
Results in a better productivity!
0-errors in design
0-errors in quantity- /cost estimations
and scheduling
0-errors in procurement and logistics
0-errors in production
0-errors in hand-over
4.11.2010

35
BIM applications in a
typical sequence order
for implementation in
Skanska
Quantity take-
off, Costing
Facilities Mgt.
= level 1
= level 2
= level 3
BU’s have the option to work with
applications from a higher level
4D-Scheduling
Simulations
Energy, fire etc
LCC- and LCA-
analyses
Safety Planning
Visualizations
Supply Chain
Management
Procurement
Site BIM –
Production
Planning
Intelligent
3D-Modeling
Clash
Detection
4.11.2010

36
Multidisciplinary model −  Architectural model:
−  Partition walls
−  Windows
−  Doors
−  Balcony railings and
glazings
−  Surfaces
−  Etc.
−  Structural model
−  Foundations
−  External wal.ls
−  Load-bearing internal
walls
−  Stairs
−  Balcony slabs,
columns
−  Etc.
−  HVAC:
−  Pipes
−  Devices
−  Electrical model:
−  Devices
−  Cable racs
Johan Stenstrand4.11.2010

Walking
way
Timber
storage
Precast
panels
Waste
containers
Safety
railings
Fencing
Site access
and roads
Site and safety planning & BIM
Johan Stenstrand
37
4.11.2010

38
Temporary structures
Formwork, Suports & Scaffolding
Johan Stenstrand4.11.2010

Benefits of using BIM on site
Problems in the design are
apparent
– no need to debate on that
Total and faster understanding
of what to be build
Multi-disciplinary
information in one
place
More precise, clear
Information flows all
the way to the doer
Facilitates the development of the construction
sequence so that health and safety are taken
into account (best way to build in that sense)
Trust the model &
drawing -> gives
opportunity to speed up
production (design has
to be finalized because it
looks finalized in model
& in drawings
Model updated faster and
more often than drawings -
Production team do not rely on
drawings that could be out of
date
Model based collaboration &
communication
Support co-operation between design
disciplines
Collaboration with subs
with model
Quicker problem solving
Information easily
available
Quick and accurate
quantities
Less errors/Mistakes
made because of better
understanding
Able to do proper
production planning
Johan Stenstrand
39
4.11.2010

www.granlund.fiCopyright Granlund | 40January 2010
Example of integrated BIM simulation tools
Building services
Network BIM
CFD simulation of
demanding spaces
Environmental
analysis (LCA)
Lightning
simulations Virtual reality
Comfort simulation
of spaces
Energy simulation
of building
Requirements’
management
Self-reporting
building
Investment and
LCC analysis
Visualization of
combined models
Analysis building modelling
FM and
building portals
Multiphysics
calculations
Technical
visualizations
BIM model auditing
Building information model (BIM)
Geometry model and
databases

Management of requirements and versions
Reporting
Client
1. Space type requirements
2. Geometry model
3. Validation of BIM
4. Space groups
5. Thermal simulation
6. System modeling
Design
Space data browsing, visualization by color charts
• Comparisons: to targets and between versions
• Overall checking of design process
Geometry model
Space data
Simulation results
Simulation results
Design data
Space types
Zones
by Modeling tools
or Architectural
model
Comfort
Lighting
System needs
Geometry
Spaces
Windows
Doors
Client’s needs
Facilities
Management

Comparison of different alternatives
Alternative simulation results compared in ROOMEX to support decision making and
project management
  Various versions can be made for ex. by
simulating different window types
  Differences between simulation results
will be presented with colour maps
  Simulation results can also be
compared with original requirements
  Comparable results are, for example:
- cooling loads
- heat losses
- air flow rates
- luminance rates

Comparison
to targets
Classification of spaces
•  Medical,…
•  Special requirements, inspections
Contract areas
•  Tenants, maintenance, cleaning,…
IT services in spaces
•  LAN free/used connections, PC’s
BIM in technical facilities management
Service requests
•  Locating spaces for need of service
Workplaces
•  Personnel data, telephone catalogue
Measured comfort
•  Temperatures in reference spaces
Access
•  Permissions to different areas
•  Maintenance personnel routes
Technical services in spaces
•  Available electrical, telecom services
Design targets of spaces
•  Comfort, thermal loads
Building information model (BIM) for FM
• Building geometry / floor plans, spatial data
• Technical FM database
Archiving of
Native models
(MagiCAD,…)
Graphical user-interface of RYHTI FM
As-built data/
Renovations
Information management
of integrated design
Building information
model (BIM) for design
Data publishing
for FM
Maintenance
•  Locating equipment and zones.
•  Group replacement of lamps
Long Term Planning, Maintenance planning,
Energy management etc

RYHTI Executive Management reporting
Operational tasks
Processes / Contracts
Maintenance
Management
LTP Repairs &
Replacements
Energy
Management
Service Request
Management
Strategic approach
Management objectives

Public statement by government clients of the AEC/FM sector
Statement
of
IntenNon
to
Support
Building
InformaNon

Modeling
with
Open
Standards:

  ”We
will
support,
to
the
extent
legally
and
pracNcally
possible,
the
use
of

IFC-‐related
BIM
soluNons
in
public
construcNon
works”

  ”Our
intent
is
for
all
major
projects
to
use
open
BIMs
based
on
IFCs
on
a

regular
basis
but
no
later
than
within
a
two-‐
to
four-‐year
(i.e.,
2009-‐2011)

Nmeframe”

  ”We
also
intend
to
observe
and
assess
the
conNnuing
development
of

relevant
accompanying
open
BIM-‐related
standards
like
IFD,
IDM
and
MVD

approach
to
describe
and
display
the
informaNon
required
for
the
design,

construcNon,
and
operaNon
of
constructed
faciliNes
and
the
interfacing
of

GIS-‐related
open
standards”

Public statement by - U.S. General Services Administration (GSA), USA
- Danish Enterprise and Construction Authority (DECA), Denmark"
"- Senate Properties, Finland"
"- Directorate of Public Construction and Property (Statsbygg), Norway

HAKA6
Only one
participant
used BIM
BIM used only in one
phase of the project
BIM used in all
phases of the project
All
participants
used BIM
Canthia
VTT Digi Building
HU Animal Hospital
Torikatu 36, Oulu
Upinniemi Central Warehouse
Didacticum
TUT AdministrationTietotalo 2, Oulu
HUT-600
Aurora 2
Helsinki Music Centre
BIM tests of Senate Properties 2001-2006
Lohipato school
As the result of testing
Senate Properties
started to demand
BIM in all projects starting
since October 1st, 2007

How can BIM improve the decision making?
47
•  What information is needed for critical decisions?
•  Which parts of this information are already possible to
process with BIM better than in the traditional ways?
•  Market readiness; both technical and skill view points?
Senate Properties’ investment process

48
Publication
of models
Quality
checking
Use of models in analysis and simulations
Scope, investment and lifecycle costs, sustainability
Creation of the
design models
Mandatory use of BIM
Optional use of BIM
Senate Properties’ investment process
1.10.2007
1.4.2009

Senate Properties’ BIM requirements
49
2007 BIM guidelines available in English at
http://www.senaatti.fi/

Helsinki Music Centre
•  Integrated BIM used on site operations
•  No installations allowed before the
detailed, combined model is approved

Need to re-think the process
52
Actors
Phases
Tasks
Problems:
•  process
•  skills
•  technology
ECPIP-project: TKK SimLab and VTT
}80% human issues
} 20% technology

Business and contract models
53

Education: Media affects our thinking
1775 1900 1985 2000 2010
Requirement for building
permit drawings in Finland
Design by experience - physical models
Manual drafting and tracing,
highly illustrative drawings
Manual drafting,
copying machines,
simplified/abstract
representation
Early CAD =
automated
drafting Modelling
Interoperability
Collaboration
platforms
Simulation
Integrated BIM
Back to the illustrative
representation
Virtual
prototyping

Markets
Increased
Functionality
Increased
Productivity
Increased
Operational
Thinking
Tactical
Thinking
Strategic
Thinking
Long Lasting
Competitive
Advantage
TRANSFORMATIONAL
INFORMATIONAL
AUTOMATIONAL
Business effects of ICT Starting point
Source: VBE II project/VTT 2006

BIM – Just another buzzword or a real change in the Industry? - Professor Arto Kiviniemi

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