google self-driving car

1. WAYMO
SUBMITTED TO:-
KUSUM DALAL
ASSTT. PROF.
ECE DEPARTMENT
SUBMITTED BY:-
PANKAJ RAO
14001003906
ECE IV Year

2. CONTENTS
 HISTORY
 CAR DESIGN
 HOW TO WORK
 TECHNOLOGY
LIDAR
RADAR
ORIENTATION SENSOR
WHEEL HUB SENSOR
 ROAD TESTING
CRASHES
LIMITATION

3. HISTORY
Waymo is an autonomous car development company spun out of Google's
parent company, Alphabet Inc., in December 2016. It then took over the self-
driving car project which Google had begun in 2009. Alphabet describes
Waymo as “a self-driving tech company with a mission to make it safe and
easy for people and things to move around.” The new company, which will be
headed by long-time automotive executive John Krafcik , is working towards
making self-driving cars available to the public soon
Google's self driving car project was formerly led by Sebastian Thrun , former
director of the Stanford Artificial Intelligence Laboratory and co-inventor
of Google Street View.

4. CAR DESIGN

6. TECHNOLOGY
Google's robotic cars have about $150,000 in equipment including a
$70,000 LIDAR system. The range finder mounted on the top is a
Velodyne 64-beam laser. This laser allows the vehicle to generate a detailed
3D map of its environment. The car then takes these generated maps and
combines them with high-resolution maps of the world, producing different
types of data models that allow it to drive itself.
The project team has equipped a number of different types of cars with the
self-driving equipment, including the Toyota Prius, Audi TT, and Lexus
RX450h, Google has also developed their own custom vehicle, which is
assembled by Roush Enterprises and uses equipment from Bosch, ZF
Lenksysteme, LG, and Continental.

7. TECHNOLOGY USED IN CAR
 LIDAR
 RADAR
 ORIENTATION SENSOR
 WHEEL HUB SENSOR

8. LIDAR
LIDAR, which stands for Light Detection and Ranging, is a remote sensing
method that uses light in the form of a pulsed laser to measure ranges
(variable distances) to the Earth.

9. Contt.
Lidar is a surveying method that measures distance to a target by illuminating
that target with a laser light. The name Lidar, sometimes considered an
acronym of Light Detection And Ranging (sometimes Light Imaging,
Detection, And Ranging), was originally a chest of light and radar. Lidar is
popularly used to make high-resolution maps, with applications
in, geomatics, geography, geology, forestry, atmospheric physics, laser
guidance. Lidar sometimes is called laser scanning and 3D scanning.

10. LIDAR WORKING

11. RADAR
Radar is an object-detection system that uses radio waves to determine the
range, angle, or velocity of objects. It can be used to detect aircraft,
ships, spacecraft, guided missiles, motor vehicles, weather formations, and
terrain. A radar system consists of a transmitter producing electromagnetic
waves in the radio or microwaves domain, a transmitting antenna, a receiving
antenna (often the same antenna is used for transmitting and receiving) and a
receiver and processor to determine properties of the object(s). Radio waves
(pulsed or continuous) from the transmitter reflect off the object and return
to the receiver, giving information about the object's location and speed

12. Contt.
RADAR
SENSOR

14. ORIENTATION SENSOR
Orientation sensor is also known as Accelerometer sensor. Basically
it is detect the small change of the car position. ………………..!
 In simple terms, Accelerometer is a sensor(Hardware) in your vehicles
which is Highly accurate can detect small changes in the position of your
vehicles.
 While Orientation sensor & Gravity sensors (Hardware) refers to a less
accurate accelerometer sensor can detect only when major change occurs.
As the Orientation sensor & Gravity sensors are less accurate, Thats Why
cost is low.

15. Orientation sensor

16. WHEEL HUB SENSORS
A wheel speed sensor, also called an "ABS sensor," is part of the Anti-lock
Brake System (ABS). It is located on the tires (near the brake rotors for the
front tires and in the rear end housing for the rear tires). The job of the wheel
speed sensor is to constantly monitor and report the rotational speed of each
tire to the ABS control module. ABS is a safety system that prevents your car
from skidding or sliding when you apply the brakes. When the brake is
applied, the ABS control module reads the speed data from the speed sensor
and sends the correct pressure to each wheel to prevent any sliding/skidding
(wheels locking up).

17. ROAD TESTING
In 2012, the test group of vehicles included six Toyota Prius, an Audi TT, and
three Lexus RX450h, each accompanied in the driver's seat by one of a dozen
drivers with unblemished driving records and in the passenger seat by one of
Google's engineers. By May 2015, that fleet consisted solely of 23 Lexus SUVs.
In 2016, During testing, the prototypes' speed will not exceed 25 mph
(40 km/h) and will have safety drivers aboard the entire time. As a
consequence, one of the vehicles was stopped by police for impeding traffic
flow

18. LIMITATION
As of August 28, 2014, according to Computer World Google's self-driving
cars were in fact unable to use about 99% of US roads. As of the same date,
the latest prototype had not been tested in heavy rain or snow due to safety
concerns. Because the cars rely primarily on pre-programmed route data, they
do not obey temporary traffic lights and, in some situations, revert to a slower
"extra cautious" mode in complex unmapped intersections. The vehicle has
difficulty identifying when objects, such as trash and light debris, are
harmless, causing the vehicle to veer unnecessarily. Additionally, the Lidar
technology cannot spot some potholes or discern when humans, such as a
police officer, are signaling the car to stop. Google projects plan on having
these issues fixed by 2020.

19. VIDEO