This document presents information about mobile operating systems. It provides timelines of major mobile operating systems including Symbian OS, BlackBerry OS, iOS, Android, Windows Phone and others. It describes the architecture of Android including layers such as the Linux kernel, native libraries, Android runtime and applications framework. It also outlines the architecture of iOS including the Cocoa Touch layer, media layer, core services layer and core OS layer. In conclusion, it discusses how mobile operating systems continue to rapidly develop and impact many areas of technology.

1. Presented By :-
SonalPoddar
Roll :141051
6th Semester, CSE
Under Guidance Of : Prof. Swagat Jena
Prof. Manoj Kumar Sahu
Department of CSE,
GITA, Bhubaneswar

2. Content
Introduction
Timeline
Different Mobile Operating Systems
Architecture of Android
Architecture of iOS
Conclusion
References
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3. Introduction
 An operating system (OS) is an interface between hardware and user.
 It manages hardware and software resources of the system.
 An operating system which controls mobile devices is called Mobile
OS.
 They are simple and deal with the wireless connectivity, mobile
multimedia and various functions.
 Popular mobile operating systems are Android, Symbian, iOS,
BlackBerry OS andWindows 10 Mobile.
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4. Timeline Pre-1993 : Mobile phones use embedded systems to control operation.
 1994 :The first smartphone, the IBM Simon, has a touchscreen, email, and
PDA features.
 1999 : Nokia introduced S40 Platform.
 2001 : Palm OS was introduced.
 2008 : OHA releases Android 1.0 with the HTC Dream as the first Android
phone.
 2009 : Samsung announces the Bada OS with the introduction of the
Samsung S8500.
 2010 :Windows Phone OS released.
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5. Timeline (continued)
 2012 : Mozilla announced that the project named was now Firefox OS.
 2013 : Canonical Ltd. announced UbuntuTouch, a mobile version of the
Ubuntu operating system.
 2014 : February – Microsoft releasesWindows Phone 8.1
November – Google releases Android 5.0 "Lollipop“
 2015 : Microsoft releasesWindows 10 Mobile.
 2016 : August – Google released Android 7.0 "Nougat".
September – Apple releases iOS 10.
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Mobile OS
Symbian OS iPhone OSBlackBerry
Windows
Phone
BadaWeb OS Android
Different Operating Systems
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7. Symbian OS
 Symbian OS is a discontinued mobile operating system,
developed by Symbian Ltd, in 1997.
 It is designed for Smartphone’s and currently maintained
by Accenture.
 It runs exclusively on ARM processors.
 The operating system was discontinued in 2012.
 It is written in C++.
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8. Web OS
WebOS is a Linux kernel-based operating system for
smart devices such as SmartTVs and it has been used as a
mobile operating system.
Initially developed by then Palm acquired by HP.
HP made the platform open source, at which point it became Open
WebOS.
The operating system was later sold to LG Electronics then to
Qualcomm.
It is written in C++.
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Bada OS
 Bada is a discontinued operating system for
mobile devices such as smartphones and tablet
computers.
It was developed by Samsung Electronics.
To foster adoption of Bada OS, Samsung reportedly has considered
releasing the source code under an open-source license, and
expanding device support to include SmartTVs.
Samsung announced in June 2012 intentions to merge Bada into the
Tizen project.
It is written in C++.
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10. BlackBerry
 It provides multitasking and supports specialized input devices such as
the track-wheel, track-ball, and most recently, the track-pad
and touch-screen.
 The BlackBerry platform is perhaps best known for its native support for
corporate email.
 BlackBerry OS was discontinued after the release of BlackBerry 10.
 It is written in C++.
BlackBerry OS is a proprietary mobile operating system developed
by BlackBerry Limited
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11.  Windows Phone is a discontinued family of mobile
operating systems developed by Microsoft for
smartphones as the replacement successor to Windows
Mobile.
 Windows Phone was replaced by Windows 10 Mobile in
2015; it emphasizes a larger amount of integration and
unification.
 It is written in C & C++.
Windows Phone
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12.  It is the second most popular mobile operating system globally after Android.
 The iOS user interface is based upon direct manipulation, using multi-touch
gestures, such as swipe, tap, pinch, and reverse pinch, all of which have specific
definitions.
 The current version, iOS 10, was released on September 13, 2016.
 In iOS, there are four abstraction layers: the Core OS, Core Services, Media,
and Cocoa Touch.
 It is written in C, C++, Objective-c and Swift.
iPhone OS
 iOS (formerly iPhone OS) is a mobile operating
system created and developed by Apple Inc.
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13. Android is a mobile operating system developed by Google, based on the
Linux kernel.
Android's user interface is mainly based on direct manipulation, using touch
gestures, such as swiping, tapping and pinching, to manipulate on-screen
objects.
Initially developed by Android, Inc., which Google bought in 2005.
Android is popular with technology companies that require a ready-made, low-
cost and customizable operating system for high-tech devices.
 It is divided into five sections : Linux Kernel, Native Libraries, Android Runtime,
Application Framework and Applications.
 It is written in Java, C(core) and C++.
Android
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14. Architecture of Android
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15.  Heart of android architecture.
 Responsible for device drivers, power management, memory
management, device management, security management and
resource access.
 Contains a list of device drivers that facilitate the communication
of an Android device with other peripheral devices.
Linux Kernel
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16.  Consists ofWebKit, OpenGL, FreeType, SQLite, Media, etc.
 WebKit library - browser support
 SQLite – database
 FreeType - font support
 Media - playing and recording audio and video
 SSL libraries - internet security
Native Libraries
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17.  Consists of core libraries and DVM (DalvikVirtual Machine), responsible to
run android application.
 DVM is like JVM but it is optimized for mobile devices.
 It consumes less memory and provides fast performance.
 The DVM converts the bytecodes having .class extensions that generated
by the Dalvik compiler into the Dalvik—executable files that have .dex
extensions.
 Moreover, the DVM provides support for platform neutrality
(the .dex files are platform neutral).
Android Runtime
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18.  Built using Java and provides high level services.
 Application developers are allowed to make use of these services in their applications.
 The Android framework includes the following key services −
 Activity Manager − Controls all aspects of the application lifecycle and activity stack.
 Content Providers − Allows applications to publish and share data with other
applications.
 Resource Manager − Provides access to resources such as strings, colour settings and
user interface layouts.
 Notifications Manager − Allows applications to display alerts and notifications to the
user.
Application Framework
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19.  This is the topmost layer in the Android platform stack.
 It is comprised of applications that are built-in (developed by the
Android team) or any other third party applications that have been
installed on the device.
 Applications that we develop are also installed in this layer.
 Typical applications include: Camera, Alarm, Clock, Calculator,
Contacts, Calendar, Media Player, and so forth.
Applications
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20. Architecture of iOS
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21.  Contains key frameworks for building iOS apps.
 Defines the appearance of your app.
 Provides the basic app infrastructure and support for key technologies
such as :-
Cocoa Touch Layer
 App Extensions
 Handoff
 Document Picker
 AirDrop
 GameKit Framework
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22. Media Layer
The Media layer contains the graphics, audio, and video
technologies which is use to implement multimedia experiences in
the apps.
The technologies in this layer make it easy for us to build apps that
look and sound great.
 GraphicsTechnologies
 AudioTechnologies
 VideoTechnologies
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23.  It contains fundamental system services for apps.
 This layer also contains individual technologies to support
features such as :-
 Peer-to-Peer Services
 iCloud Storage
 Address Book Framework
 CloudKit Framework
 WebKit Framework
Core Services Layer
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24.  The Core OS layer contains the low-level features that most other
technologies are built upon.
 Even if you do not use these technologies directly in your apps, they are
most likely being used by other frameworks.
 When we need to explicitly deal with security or communicating with an
external hardware accessory, we do so using the frameworks in this layer.
 Core Bluetooth Framework
 External Accessory Framework
 Security Framework
Core OS Layer
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25. Conclusion
 The Mobile device plays a tremendous role in today’s life, meanwhile
this field is still rapidly developing day by day.
 Due to huge competition in the market, we are getting regular
updates from any of this Mobile OS.
 For developers the operating system is an ultimate platform to
develop apps innovatively and publish in market very easily.
 Not only in mobile phones, the OS is diverging in various fields like
Tabs, SmartTVs, Cameras etc.
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26. References
 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mobile_operating_system
 https://www.techopedia.com/mobile-operating-system-mobile-os
 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Android_(operating_system)
 http://www.webopedia.com/DidYouKnow/Hardware_Software/mobile-
operating-systems-mobile-os-explained.html
 https://www.shoutmeloud.com/top-mobile-os-overview.html
 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IOS
 https://developer.apple.com//iPhoneOSTechOverview/Introduction.html
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