Learning is not an easy process. It is acquired in the environment like inhale and exhale not learning. Learning is a conscious action for social and biological adaptation. Permanent and temporary changes take place through the act of learning. Both adaptation and counter-adaptation take place through learning. Learning can be right as well as can be wrong. Learning any action means getting some experience as a whole by completing some actions together. The whole experience is made up of the experience gained from many actions. The analysis of the complete form of learning is given below.

1. LEV VYGOTSKY'SSOCIO-CULTURAL
THEORY
Dr. Sonali Channawar

2. Socio-Cultural Theory: Lev Vygotsky
◦ Lev Vygotsky was seminal Russian Psychologist and he was popular for sociocultural theory. He
believed that every individual first interacts with society and this play vey vital role for child learning and
after that child influenced and learned from culture. In the process social interaction place of crucial in
child growth and learning. It is a continuous process of learning where his theory influenced by culture
social invitation guided learning instruction learning and collaborating learning these factors are very
prominent in his theory Vygotsky strongly focused on the child development in the interaction in society.
Imitation, Collaborative learning, Guided Learning and Zone proximal development was significant in his
theory.
Vygotsky
theory
describes
Learning as
A Social
process
their origin
of
Human
Intelligence
In Society or
Culture

3. Introduction
◦ The work of Lev Vygotsky (1934) has become the foundation of much research and theory in cognitive development
over the past several decades, particularly of what has become known as sociocultural theory (Mcleod, 2022). Vygotsky’s
social-cultural theory covers human development as a socially focused process in which child gain their problem-solving
strategies, beliefs, cultural values, Sharing ideas through collaborative learning and communication with more knowledgeable
person in the society. In Vygotsky theory is more significant concepts such as Zone proximal Development, private speech,
and cultural-specific tool. In Vygotsky’s social learning theory explained that, “learning is compulsory and universal aspect of
the process of development it reflects the culturally well organized, well-functioning of the human psychology.
◦ Lev Vygotsky was born on 17th November 1896 in Orsha city Western Russian Empire. In 1917 after completion of law
degree at Moscow State University in same University hi learn sociology language take psychology and philosophy due to
his use interest in this subject. In 1924 at Moscow institute of psychology. He started formal work on psychology and
completed his dissertation in 1925 on psychology art. Due to long illness Vygotsky suffering from the tuberculosis. he not to
continue his work and study. He was prolific writer and publishing 6 books on psychology in 10 years. Vygotsky interest was
specially in child development, he was work on child development and develop important work and theories about how
children learn, imitate, acquire and grow within the society and societal culture. his famous and bast work on zone proximal
development where he explains the how child can learn the things with the help of knowledgeable person and without help of
theses. By this theory lev Vygotsky popularly identify of with the zone proximal development theory.

4. Chronologon Lev Vygotsky
Birth 17 November 1896(in
Orsha)
Law Degree 1917
(Moscow State University)
Formal Work in Psychology
began
1924(Moscow’s Institute
of Psychology)
Completed Dissertation on
Psychology
1925
Death (Tuberculosis) 11 June, 1934

5. Cyclic Process
Vygotsky
Framework
Social
Interaction
Fundamental
Role
Development
of cognition
Child
First interact
with Society

6. Basic Principle of Vygotsky Theory
 Children construct their knowledge through their acquired experience.
 Development process of child cannot be separated from child social context.
 Learning can control and helpful in development.
 Language plays vital role in mental development of the child.
 Learning include Scaffolding, Social environment, collaboration and interaction between teacher,
student and society context.
◦

7. Zone Proximal Development (ZPD)
His best-known concept was the zone of proximal development (ZPD) because he stated that teacher should be
taught in the ZPD which occurs Child can learn anything. Vygotsky also viewed that when child interact with
peers with effectively for developing skills.
1]Child can learn anything by support of any knowledgeable others by guiding and motivating them and
expert in particular field with better skill. Here knowledgeable others mean MKO. MKO means
more knowledgeable person will be will understand below.
2] The child can follow and acquired the instruction that given by MKO during the whole process.
3] MKO provide the platform (scaffolding) for the children during learning period (task).
Lev Vygotsky believed that if any child can perform in any task by using given instruction. They can receive new
information in existing mental schemas. After receiving process new schema, child will use in the task and
performing identity with new mental schemas independently.

8. According to Vygotsky
◦ MKO( More Knowledgeable Person)
Vygotsky socio-culture theory emphasizes that every individual can learn through social interaction by
collaborating and cooperative learning with the person who has effective skill which is useful in any task.
This type of people with standard level of skill or higher quality of skill level is called MKO (More
knowledgeable Others). MKO could be teacher, tutor, neighbors, parents’ peers and relatives. They can help
in any type of learning process weather theoretical and practical.
◦ Scaffolding
Scaffolding is the platform with support the learning system and build the problem ability and increase the
student for independence and individual growth. The scaffolding that are competent people provide to
facilitate the completion of identified task is removed once children are able to solve a problem on their
own
◦ Private Speech
Vygotsky theory suggests, children self-directed speech is now called private speech instead of ego centric
speech with age, as a Vygotsky predicted, private speech goes underground, changing into whisper and
silent live movement furthermore children who really used private speech during challenging.

9. Conclusion
Learning is not an easy process. It is acquired in the environment like inhale and exhale not
learning. Learning is a conscious action for social and biological adaptation. Permanent and temporary
changes take place through the act of learning. Learning is the process where every individual involved
without any caste, race, and any background of the society. Equal opportunities with equal rights provide to
all but how individual to take it positively this process also learn from the learning. Beginning of the
journey learning can express the life is beautiful. Among this journey Lev Vygotsky give life-line to
development process of child and their step added best efforts to interaction with others. Lev Vygotsky’s
theory stated that child development process starts within the society and its context then child was
growing up with societal and other skill from society.