Opthalmology eye study

1. INFLAMMATORY DISEASES OF
EYES
• DEFINITION OF CONCEPTS, ETIOLOGY, CLINICAL PICTURE,
DIAGNOSIS, PRINCIPLES OF TREATMENT.
• “RED EYE” SYNDROME
• (CONJUNCTIVITIS, UVEITIS, BLEPHARITIS,
DACRYOCYSTITIS, KERATITIS).

2. RED EYE SYNDROME
• A “RED EYE” IS A GENERAL TERM
THAT IS USED TO DESCRIBE RED,
IRRITATED, AND BLOODSHOT EYES.
THE REDNESS HAPPENS WHEN TINY
BLOOD VESSELS UNDER THE EYE’S
SURFACE GET LARGER OR BECOME
INFLAMED. USUALLY, IT IS A
REACTION TO SOMETHING THAT IS
IRRITATING THE EYE

3. CONJUNCTIVITIS
• CONJUNCTIVITIS, OR PINK
EYE, IS AN IRRITATION OR
INFLAMMATION OF THE
CONJUNCTIVA, WHICH
COVERS THE WHITE PART OF
THE EYEBALL. IT CAN BE
CAUSED BY ALLERGIES OR A
BACTERIAL OR VIRAL
INFECTION. CONJUNCTIVITIS
CAN BE EXTREMELY
CONTAGIOUS AND IS SPREAD

4. DIAGNOSIS AND TREATMENT

6. UVEITIS
• UVEITIS IS A FORM OF EYE
INFLAMMATION. IT AFFECTS
THE MIDDLE LAYER OF TISSUE
IN THE EYE WALL
(UVEA).UVEITIS (U-VEE-I-TIS)
WARNING SIGNS OFTEN COME
ON SUDDENLY AND GET
WORSE QUICKLY. THEY
INCLUDE EYE REDNESS, PAIN
AND BLURRED VISION.

7. DIAGNOSIS AND TREATMENT
• EYE REDNESS & PAIN.
• LIGHT SENSITIVITY.
• BLURRED VISION.
• DARK SPOTS
• FLOATERS SPOTS
• DECREASED VISION.
• HEADACHE
• IRREGULAR PUPIL
• GENERAL VISION
ISSUES.
ANTERIOR UVEITIS POSTERIOR UVEITIS
LOCAL LOCAL
Topical steroid drops,
cycloplegics.
Periocular steroid injections.
SYSTEMIC SYSTEMIC
Corticosteroids, steroids sparing
agent.
Corticosteroids, steroids sparing
agent.

8. BLEPHARITIS
• AN INFLAMMATION OF THE
EYELID THAT AFFECTS THE
EYELASHES OR TEAR
PRODUCTION.BLEPHARITIS
COMMONLY OCCURS WHEN
THE TINY OIL GLANDS OF THE
INNER EYELID BECOME
INFLAMED. IT OFTEN OCCURS
ALONG WITH OTHER SKIN
CONDITIONS OR ALLERGIES.

9. DIAGNOSIS AND TREATMENT
• EXAMINING YOUR EYES. YOUR DOCTOR MIGHT USE A
SPECIAL MAGNIFYING INSTRUMENT TO EXAMINE YOUR
EYELIDS AND YOUR EYES.
• SWABBING SKIN FOR TESTING. IN CERTAIN CASES, YOUR
DOCTOR MIGHT USE A SWAB TO COLLECT A SAMPLE OF
THE OIL OR CRUST THAT FORMS ON YOUR EYELID. THIS
SAMPLE CAN BE ANALYZED FOR BACTERIA, FUNGI OR
EVIDENCE OF AN ALLERGY.

11. DACRYOCYSTITIS
• DACRYOCYSTITIS IS
INFLAMMATION OF THE
LACRIMAL SAC WHICH TYPICALLY
OCCURS SECONDARILY TO
OBSTRUCTION WITHIN THE
NASOLACRIMAL DUCT AND THE
RESULTANT BACKUP AND
STAGNATION OF TEARS WITHIN
THE LACRIMAL SAC.

12. DIAGNOSIS AND TREATMENT
• DAIGNOSIS: CT SCANS MAY BE PERFORMED IN CASES OF TRAUMA. DACRYOCYSTOGRAPHY
OR PLAIN FILM DACROSYSTOGRAM (DCG) CAN BE PERFORMED WHEN ANATOMIC
ABNORMALITIES ARE SUSPECTED. NASAL ENDOSCOPY IS USEFUL TO RULE OUT HYPERTROPHY
OF THE INFERIOR TURBINATE, SEPTAL DEVIATION AND INFERIOR MEATAL NARROWING.
• TREATMENT OF ACUTE DACRYOCYSTITIS INCLUDES CONSERVATIVE MEASURES - WARM
COMPRESSES AND ATTEMPTS OF CRIGLER MASSAGE. FOR UNCOMPLICATED CASES,
CONSIDERATION OF ORAL ANTIBIOTICS SHOULD BE GIVEN. COVERAGE SHOULD BE AIMED AT
GRAM-POSITIVE ORGANISMS, PARTICULARLY ANTISTAPHYLOCOCCAL AGENTS.
• CHRONIC DACRYOCYSTITIS IS ALMOST ALWAYS MANAGED SURGICALLY WITH HIGH SUCCESS
RATES. PROBING IS ACCEPTED AS FIRST-LINE MANAGEMENT IN CHRONIC CASES AND CAN BE
DONE IN THE OUTPATIENT SETTING. INEVITABLY, PATIENTS WILL LIKELY NEED TO PROGRESS
TO FURTHER SURGICAL OPTIONS TO TREAT THE CONDITION.

13. KERATITIS
• KERATITIS IS AN INFLAMMATION
OF THE CORNEA — THE CLEAR,
DOME-SHAPED TISSUE ON THE
FRONT OF YOUR EYE THAT
COVERS THE PUPIL AND IRIS.
KERATITIS MAY OR MAY NOT BE
ASSOCIATED WITH AN
INFECTION. NONINFECTIOUS
KERATITIS CAN BE CAUSED BY A
RELATIVELY MINOR INJURY, BY
WEARING YOUR CONTACT

14. • DAIGNOSIS:A COMPLETE EXAMINATION INCLUDING VISION,
INTRAOCULAR PRESSURE, PUPIL ASSESSMENT, AND SLIT-LAMP
EXAMINATION SHOULD BE INITIATED. FLOURESCEIN CAN BE USED
TO HIGHLIGHT AREAS OF EPITHELIAL CELL LOSS. THE
OPHTHALMOLOGIST SHOULD DOCUMENT THE LOCATION, SIZE
AND DEPTH OF THE CORNEAL INFILTRATE. ANY ANTERIOR
CHAMBER REACTION (CELLS, FLARE, FIBRIN, OR HYPOPYON),
SHOULD BE RECORDED. PATIENTS SHOULD BE DILATED AND
POSSIBLE POSTERIOR POLE INVOLVEMENT SHOULD BE RULED
OUT. IF THE POSTERIOR POLE IS UNABLE TO BE VISUALIZED, AN
ULTRASOUND SHOULD BE PERFORMED. THE OPHTHALMOLOGIST
SHOULD ALSO TEST CORNEAL SENSATION, PROPER EYELID
CLOSURE, EYELIDS AND LASHES, AND NASOLACRIMAL
APPARATUS TO LOOK FOR RISK FACTORS FOR INFECTION.

15. TREATMENT
• TOPICAL ANTIBIOTIC DROPS SHOULD BE PRESCRIBED. ORAL ANTIBIOTICS
MAY BE CONSIDERED FOR PATIENTS WITH DEEP ULCERS OR SCLERAL
INVOLVEMENT.
• LARGE OR VISION THREATENING ULCERS SHOULD BE CULTURED THEN
TREATED WITH FORTIFIED TOBRAMYCIN/GENTAMICIN EVERY HOUR
AROUND THE CLOCK ALTERNATING WITH VANCOMYCIN EVERY HOUR
AROUND THE CLOCK.
• SMALL NON-STAINING PERIPHERAL ULCERS MAY BE STARTED ON
FLUOROQUINOLONE DROPS EVERY 2 TO 6 HOURS.
• CYCLOPLEGIA IS RECOMMENDED IN PATIENTS WITH SIGNIFICANT ANTERIOR
CHAMBER REACTION FOR PAIN CONTROL AND PREVENTION OF POSTERIOR
SYNECHIA FORMATION.

16. THANK YOU