Brain computer interaction

1. BRAIN COMPUTER INTERACTION (BCI)
Information Science & Informatics
Informatics and Neuroinformatics
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Spyros Ktenas

2. Spyros Ktenas - http://open-works.org/profiles/spyros-ktenas
COGNITIVE SCIENCE
 Cognitive science is looking to explain how the human
mind works.
 Cognitive neuroscience focuses on the neural
connections that participate in the production of mental
results. The central nervous system (the brain and the
spinal cord) communicate with the rest of the body
through the peripheral nervous system
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BrainComputerInteraction(BCI)

3. Spyros Ktenas - http://open-works.org/profiles/spyros-ktenas
NEURONS
 Neurons are the Building Blocks of the Nervous System.
Each neuron has a cell body, which contains its nucleus
and other important cell parts.
 Each neuron has many branch-like projections called
dendrites. The dendrites carry messages into the cell
body.
 The nervous system has groups of neurons that work
interconnected to send out and receive information.
 The simplest circuits in the nervous system are reflexes.
More advanced operations are sensations.
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BrainComputerInteraction(BCI)

4. Spyros Ktenas - http://open-works.org/profiles/spyros-ktenas
BRAIN WAVES
 The eclectic Brain patterns form wave shapes called
Brain waves.
 The waves are measured from peak to peak and
normally range from 0.5 to 100 µV in amplitude.
 The brain state may present some frequencies more
often.
 The Brain waves have been categorized into four basic
groups: Beta with frequency more than 13 Hz, Alpha
from 8 το 13 Hz, Theta from 4 to 8 Hz, Delta from 0.5 to
4 Hz.
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BrainComputerInteraction(BCI)

5. Spyros Ktenas - http://open-works.org/profiles/spyros-ktenas
EEG BRAIN IMAGING TECHNIQUES
 Different imaging techniques are used in order to
understand better the brain and identify possible
problems. The most important are the
 Electroencephalography (EEG)
 Magnetoencephalography (MEG)
 Computer tomography (CT)
 Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)
 Functional MRI (fMRI)
 Positron emission tomography (PET)
 Single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT)
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BrainComputerInteraction(BCI)

6. Spyros Ktenas - http://open-works.org/profiles/spyros-ktenas
BRAIN COMPUTER INTERACTION
 Brain computer interface has to do with the means for
communication between the brain and a digital
information management system.

 Neurofeedback is considered to be behavioural intervention
that focuses on improving brain activity and intelligence
 Brain computer interaction Applications in Healthcare
including prevention, detection, diagnosis, rehabilitation and
restoration.
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BrainComputerInteraction(BCI)

7. Spyros Ktenas - http://open-works.org/profiles/spyros-ktenas
BRAIN COMPUTER INTERACTION #2
 Most current BCI research and development efforts
focus on restoring or maintaining communication
 There are also intentions to develop systems that can
restore or replicate movement.
 In addition, BCIs may also have
value in neurorehabilitation of
severely disabled people by
reinforcing use of damaged
or diseased neural pathways
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BrainComputerInteraction(BCI)

8. Spyros Ktenas - http://open-works.org/profiles/spyros-ktenas
CONCLUSIONS
 While BCI has already many applications and is also very promising
for the future, one of the main issues that remain is the
technological capability to measure and transfer brain signals
accurately.
 The brain signals include non-linearity, non-stationarity and noise
 A way to increase the accuracy would be hardware improvements
(e.g. electrodes) and new methods to connect to neurons but what
is maybe easier is to improve adaptive BCI decoding algorithms that
learn to better isolate the meaningful neural patterns.
Thank You!
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BrainComputerInteraction(BCI)