1. WELCOME
By,
SREEJA GANGADHARAN P

2. Topics to Discuss
PERSONALITY DISORDER:
PARANOID
SCHIZOID
SCHIZOTYPAL
Histrionic

3. PSYCHOPATHOLOGY
Psychopathology is the study
of mental illness, mental distress, and
abnormal/maladaptive behavior.
The term is most commonly used
within psychiatry where pathology
refers to disease processes.

4. PERSONALITY
"Personality" can be defined as a
dynamic and organized set of
characteristics possessed by a person
that uniquely influences his or
her cognitions motivations,
and behaviors in various situations.

5. PERSONALITY DISORDER
• A disorder is characterized by the chronic use
of mechanisms of coping in an inappropriate,
stereotyped, and maladaptive manner.
• Personality disorders are noted on:
• Axis II of the DSM-IV-TR and
• ICD-10 Chapter V: Mental and
behavioral disorders F60-F69 Disorders of
adult personality and behavior.

6. PERSONALITY DISORDER
• DSM -IV –TR defines Personality
Disorder as “an enduring pattern of inner
experience and behavior that deviates
markedly from the expectations of
individual’s culture, is pervasive and
inflexible, has an onset in the adolescence
or early adulthood, is stable over time and
leads to distress and impairment.”

7. CLASSIFICATION OF PERSONALITY
DISORDER( DSM-IV-TR)
CLUSTER A
• PARANOID
301.0
• SCHIZOID
301.20
• SCHIZOTYPAL
301.22
CLUSTER B
• ANTISOCIAL
301.7
• BORDERLINE
301.83
• HISTRIONIC
301.50
• NARCISSITIC
301.81
CLUSTER C
• AVOIDANT
301.82
• DEPENTENT
301.6
• OBESSIVE-
COMPULSIVE
301.4

8. ACCORDING TO ICD 10
• Cluster A
• (F60.0) Paranoid personality disorder
• (F60.1) Schizoid personality disorder
• Cluster B
• (F60.4) Histrionic personality disorder

9. Paranoid personality
disorder• It is a psychiatric diagnosis characterized
by paranoia and a pervasive, long-standing
suspiciousness and generalized mistrust of others.
• CAUSES:
1.Genetic paranoid trait
2.Schizophrenic exist
3.Projection of negative
internal feelings and
4.parental modeling.
(psychosocial theory)

10. • They feel suspicion to all most all people and
in all situation with out reason.
• Involves impairments in cognitive
functioning.
• They constantly scan the environment for
evidences that support their suspicion and it
stands in the way of love and relationships.
• They typically have few friends.
• Preoccupation with unsubstantiated
"conspiratorial" explanations of events both
immediate to the patient and in the world at
large.

11. • Hypercritical, stubborn and controlling.
• They sees their difficulties are coming
from without rather than within.
• It is more common among relatives of
individuals with unipolar depression than
with schizophrenia.

12. Treatment:
• psychotherapy,
A simple supportive, client-centered approach
• antidepressants,
antipsychotics &
anti-anxiety medications
Self –Help
Person with this disorder is likely to be
mistrustful and suspicious of others and their
motivations, making group help and dynamics
unlikely and possibly harmful.

13. Schizoid
• Lack of interest in social
relationships
• A tendency towards a solitary
lifestyle, secretiveness,
emotional coldness.
• Odd speech, behavior,
thinking and/or perception.
• Shows magical thinking,
claiming that they can predict
the future, read the thoughts
of others.

14. Diagnosis
• Appears indifferent to
the praise or criticism of others.
• Preoccupation with fantasy and introspection
• Lack of desire for sexual experiences with
another person.
• Taking pleasure in few, if any, activities.
• Indifference to social norms and conventions.

15. • Was included to the DSM in 1980.
• May seem marginally odd in many
respect(Schezotypal) and very odd in
only one respect( Schizoid), social
withdrawal. Earlier these were the
subtypes of schizophrenia.

16. Causes
• Both genetics and environment are
suspected to play a role.
• Bleak childhood where warmth and
emotion were absent.
• Families of schizophrenics
• Have childhood experience of having
been teased and excluded.

17. Treatment
• Rarely seek treatment they think that the
behavior generally do not cause them distress.
• Psychotherapy will focus on increasing
general coping skills, as well as on improving
social interaction, communication, and self-
esteem.
• Medicine is generally not used unless one
suffers from an associated psychological
problem

18. SCHIZOTYPAL
• Severely restricted range of emotions that is
most notably associated with social
detachments.
• Have little or no interest in social
relationships: often distant from the family and
rarely marry and no close friends but they take
little pleasure in solitary activities.
• Ability to experience positive emotions are
completely lacking.

19. Diagnosis
• The social detachment, solitary behavior,
insensitivity to others resemble with autism.
• Because of ‘self absorption’ they appear
absent minded but free from unusual thoughts,
behavior or speech patterns.
• Having suspiciousness or paranoid ideas.
• Obsessive ruminations without inner
resistance.
• with intense illusions hallucination and

20. Causes:
• Genetic
• Parenting styles,
• Early separation, and
• Early childhood neglect .
• It has been found that the Schezotypal
disorder is more common with relatives of
those having Schezophrenia and is
respond positively to the same medication.

21. TREATMENT
• PSYCHOTHERAPY
• MEDICATION:
1.ANTIPSYCHOTICS,
2.ANTIDEPRESSANTS.

22. Histrionic Personality Disorder
Exaggerated display of emotion; are
manipulative and aimed at attracting
atteneion and sympathy.
Their interpersonal relations are usuaslly
fragile, they love to take without giving.
They are typically flirtatious but fail to
establish any lasting sexual bond.
It’s a feminie version of Narsistic personality
disorder.

23. Symptoms
• Uncomfortable unless one is the center of attention
• Dress provocatively and/or exhibit inappropriately
seductive or flirtatious behavior
• Shift emotions rapidly
• Act very dramatically with exaggerated emotions and
expressions, yet appears to lack sincerity
• Be overly concerned with physical appearance
• Constantly seek reassurance or approval
• Be gullible and easily influenced by others
• Be excessively sensitive to criticism or disapproval.
• Make rash decisions
• Be self-centered and rarely show concern for others

24. Causes
• The exact cause is not known, but are both
learned and inherited.
• Genetic susceptibility, might be inherited or
by repeated learning.
• Lack of criticism or punishment as a child.
• Unpredictable attention given to a child

25. Treatment
• They don’t believe that they need therapy
and they dislike routine.
• Psychotherapy to uncover the motivations
and fears associated with ones thoughts and
behavior, and to relate to others in a more
positive way.
• Medication might be used to treat the
distressing symptoms

26. Conclusion
• Personality Disorder as is an enduring pattern
of inner experience and behavior that
deviates markedly from the expectations of
individual’s culture.They are broadly
classified in to Odd/Essentric, Dramatic/
Emotionl and Anxious /fearful PD.
• Odd/Essentric PD include Paranoid, schezoid
Schezotypal PD

27. • Paranoid Personality disorder is characterized by
irrational suspicions and mistrust of others.
• Schizoid personality disorder lack of interest in
social relationships, seeing no point in sharing time
with others, anhedonia, introspection.
• Schizotypal personality disorder is
characterized by odd behavior or thinking.
• Histrionic Personality Disorder is characterized by
self-dramatization-the exaggerated display of
emotion.

28. Keywords
• Antidepressent
• Anhedonia
• Hypertension
• Histrionic personality
disorder
• Pathology
• Personality Disorder
• Psychotherapy
• Rumination
• Schezotypal
• Schezophrenia
• Paranoid
• Self-dramatization

29. REFERENCE
• Alloy L B , Riskind J H & Manos M J
(2005) Abnormal Psychology – Current
Perspectives (9th ed). New Delhi: Tata
Mc Graw-Hill Publishing Company
Limited.
• www.wikipedia.org/wiki/Personality_dis
order/ paranoid personality disorder.
• www.wikipedia.org/wiki/Personality_dis
order/ Schizotypal personality disorder.