By 吉隆坡循人中学圣约翰救伤队

1. LESSON 2
THE HUMAN BODY

2. SKELETON:206 BONES
THE PURPOSE OF THE SKELETON
• Give shapes and firmness(坚固）
• Provides levers for muscle to work
• Protect the important organs
• Produce blood
• Storage mineral and others.

3. The major bones of the body
The skull
• 28bones: 8 the cranium（头盖骨），14 the face , 6 the ear ossicles
*protect brain
The vertebral column
• Known as spine ,made up 33vertebrae
• 5 regions : cervical ,thoracic , lumbar, sacrum and coccyx.
The ribs and breastbone
• 12 pairs
• 7 pairs are attached to breastbone. Last 2 pairs are front floating-ribs.

4. The appendages
• Upper extremities: 64 bones
• Lower extremities: 62 bones

6. The structure and function of joints
IMMOVABLE:
• Allowing no movement
• Exp: the joint between the bones forming dome the skull.
MOVABLE:
The movable joints
• The ball and socket joints: exp = shoulder,hip joints
• Hinged joints: exp =elbow joints
• Slightly movable joints : exp= foot ,spine

7. capsule
韧带
软骨
润滑液
膜

8. The function of Muscles
• Enable movement
• Provides posture（姿势）
• Heat production.
How muscles work
Voluntary muscles: (exp: ????)
• under control
• Movement is co-ordinate through the motor nerves.
Involuntary muscles : (exp:?????)
• Vital organs,cant be controlled by the time .
• Work all the time ,even when we sleep.