3. Classification分类 of wound and their causes.
• Gunshot枪伤
• Incised割伤
• Laceration抓伤
• Abrasion烧伤/擦伤
• Contusion黑青
• Puncture刺伤
• GILACP****VIP
4. Management of wounds with slight bleeding
1. clean—running water/wipe away from wound(***in to out***)
2. Dressing:~small wound—adhesive dressing粘性
~large wound---sterile dressing or gauze
3. Direct pressure /raise and support(still bleeding)
5. Management of wounds with severe bleeding
• Remove foreign bodies
• Cover wound and apply pressure
• Press padding down and give firm enough to apply direct pressure
• If bleeding continues, apply further dressings and pads.
• Using suitable method.(exp:upper limb….)
• Remove to hospital
6. Pressure points----
important artery can be compressed against an underlying bone to
prevent the flow of blood beyond the point.
• Not longer than10mins
Two pressure points
1. The brachial pressure point
2. The femoral pressure point
7. Causes of internal bleeding
• Broken bone
• Blow
• Bullet
• Stab wound
• Certain medical conditions
Internal bleeding may remain concealed隐瞒
1. Bleeding into the brain
2. Bleeding onto tissues associated with fractures.
3. Bleeding from spleen
4. Bleeding from liver
8. Sign and symtoms of severe bleeding
1. Face and lips pale
2. Skin cold and clammy粘
3. Dizzy and faint
4. Pulse rate rapid ,strength becoming weaker
5. Complains of thirst
………..
9. Shock
• From stress or injury producing an insufficient supply of blood to the brain
and other vital organs.
Types of shock causes
1. Anaphylactic shock过敏 1.acute heart attacks
2. Cardiogenic shock心脏 2.severe bleeding
3. Hypovolemic shock低血 3.loss of body fluids血浆
4. Neurogenic shock神经 4.loss of serum in bums体液
5. Psycogenic shock精神
6. Septic shock感染
10. Symptoms and signs
• Pale or grey
• Cold and clammy skin with sweating
• Feel sick and vomiting
• Breathing swallow and rapid.
• ………………………
Management: 1.find out the cause of shock
2.lay casualty down and keeps head low
3.place in recovery position(unconscious)and protect with blanket
4.moisten lips with water(if casualty thirst)
5.move to hospital(.keep 10 min records pulse and respiration****)
