This document discusses opportunities for increasing the use of renewable district heating systems in Scotland. It provides two case studies of existing large-scale river water source heat pump systems in Norway and the UK that efficiently provide heating for cities. The key to expanding district heating is securing customers by establishing fair monopolies, securing low costs through private wind power connections, and securing proven heat pump technology. Some actions proposed in case of an emergency include removing taxes on clean heating, adding taxes to fossil fuels, compelling commercial customers to connect to district heating or lower emissions, and auctioning zones along rivers for heat pump systems. The document advocates taking bold action to rapidly transition heating away from fossil fuels.

1. Let’s get on and do it………..
David Forbes Pearson

2. • Do what?
Renewable
Energy
Energy
efficiency
Clean
air
Supply
security
Local
jobs
Smart
grids
Less
imports

3. Which gases causes Global Warming?

4. Where do CO2 emissions come from?

5. What % of heating is not 2050 Ready?

6. What % of heating is not 2050 Ready?

7. Where do we do heating in Scotland? (note total demand circa 78,000 GWh ~ 2bn £GBP

8. 2km strip astride the river = 4209GWh /a

9. How much heat is in a river?
20,000 l/s
If cooled by 3K
= 0.2508 GW
If harvested 8760
hours per year
= 2197 GWh/a

10. What % of heating is not 2050 Ready?

11. CASE STUDY: DISTRICT HEATING
DRAMMEN (the original success in 2010)
• District heating system in Drammen, Norway
• 13.2MW water sourced heat pump
• High temp (90oC) water generated from 8oC fjord
• Proves 85% of hot water needed to heat the city
• World’s largest 90oC ammonia heat pump
• Average COP of 3.05 (over 8 years running)
• Renewable energy source
• Fully natural refrigerant
• Easily repeatable technology

12. CASE STUDY: DISTRICT HEATING-Queen Quay-2019 Commissioning
• 5.2MW river water sourced heat pump
• High temp (80oC) water generated
from 5oC river
• UK’s largest 80oC ammonia heat pump
• Typical COP of 3
• CO2 circa 45% of Gas and falling
• Zero Local NOx

13. CASE STUDY: DISTRICT HEATING-Queen Quay – UK’s Largest HT River Heat Pump
• Harnesses local energy
• Doesn’t create NOx (clean air)
• Creates local jobs
• Allows more wind generation
• Produces Cooling as well
• Can use cheapest tariff
• 3 units heat for 1 unit electricity
• 2050 Ready!

14. So- the opportunity?
What makes
District Energy
happen?Over & Over

15. What makes District Energy happen over & over?
Low Risk
Predictable
Repeatable
R.O.I.

16. So- the opportunity?
• Harness local energy from rivers
• (low risk capital as rivers are known)
• Purchase off peak electricity – use thermal
stores @1/1000th cost of LI-ion batteries
• Generate and distribute heating and cooling

17. Barriers?
• Customers are happy with gas
• District heat is seen as tricky and a by-product
of CHP which is struggling as electrical tariffs
are up and down like a yo-yo

18. Solution -> Thinking really big! An end to end energy solution – part1
• Work with cities to create a concession zone
• Work with cities to educate around NOx / CO2
• Set NOx/CO2 phase down targets 3% per year
• Issue improvement notice if 9% behind OR
•Join DH; setup as a “fairopoly”

19. Solution -> Thinking really big! An end to end energy solution – part2
• With improvement notices avoided in favour of DH…
• Plan DH routes and demands
• On a big scale bring private wire power @ <€60/MWh
• Build your own -> with guaranteed consumers – you!
•Build the new paradigm of energy

20. So the three keys to clean cities
Secure Customers -> FAIROPOLY
Secure Costs –> Private Wire Wind
Secure Technology-> RSHP + DH

21. Things I’d do in an Emergency………..Commercial Users
• Remove all taxation from clean heat – keep nonDom RHI for HP
• Add all lost taxation onto dirty heat (incl gas)
• Ramp up CCL (per kgCO2 per fuel)
• So Commercial customers only for first 5 years
• Compel commercial users to 3%/a or agree to DH-FAIROPOLY
• Define FAIROPOLY- Price 5p/kWh, cleanliness <120g/kWh @2020
• Auction DH zones (p/kWh fee) – linear strips from river
• Or from Key Heat emitters (but watch durability of fuel)
• Start Running towards the problems- not away from them.

22. Things I’d do in an Emergency………..Domestic
• Remove all taxation from clean heat
• Announce intention to add taxation onto dirty heat (incl gas)
• Outline CCL (per kgCO2 per fuel) starting 2025 – gas only!!
• So Commercial customers only for first 5 years
• Continue domRHI – it would have worked with PAYG from 2008!
• Force BIG5 to offer domestic GSHPs (pay as you go : 10% below gas)
• Allow replacement gas boilers on rental only (electric only?)
• Be much clearer about H2 opportunities – it isn’t really for heat.

23. Run towards the Emergency and take action like Alex McIlveen

24. Let’s get on and do it………..
David Forbes Pearson