Opportunities for combined heating and cooling will not only guide the user to a better heat pump it identifies the fundamental principles in designing an integrated system to avoid simple pitfalls

1. Opportunities for combined heating and cooling Dr Andy Pearson Star Refrigeration Ltd

2. Supply of energy www.thisismoney.co.uk

3. Heat pumps are sweeping across Europe Image courtesy of A Voight, EPEE/EHPA

4. Heat pumps are sweeping across (most of) Europe Image courtesy of A Voight, EPEE/EHPA Pop: 8.3 5.4 65.8 81.1 60.6 5.0 9.4 7.8 62.0 hp/k 2.2 8.9 1.9 0.8 0.5 16.8 12.4 2.6 0.2

5. Heat Pumps and the price of oil in France Number of geothermal and air-to-water heat pumps (in thousand units) Source AFPAC - Ministère de l'Ecologie (prix des énergies 2008) - Direction générale des impôts 3 8 13 18 27 47 56 44 23 12 9 8 7 6 4 3 3 2 2 1 1 2 4 4 9 12 13 14 17 25 54 70 153 121 63 0 50 100 150 200 250 300 1976 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 2005 : Tax credit of 40% for all types of HPs Higfh rise in oil rpice 2006 : Tax credit of 50% for all types of HPs 2009 : No more tax credit for air-to-air HPs. 40% for the others PERCHE Programme First oil crisis 2000 : Tax credit of 15% for collective installations Crude Oil (Price in en € basis 2007) 2010 : Tax credit of 40% for geothermal HPs and 25% for the others Image courtesy of M Mondot, CETIAT

6. UK Energy consumption Figures from DECC, “UK Energy in brief, 2010”

7. UK uses of energy Split out fuel used to generate electricity and remove the oil used for transport Then convert the fuel to electricity……… 30.5% of all energy use is fossil fuel for heating, 18% is electricity (some of which is used for heating too!) Figures from DECC, “Digest of United Kingdom Energy Statistics, 2010”

8. Heating vs Cooling About 1/9 of the electricity used is for refrigeration and air-conditioning, including chillers. If we take an average CoP of 2 for all systems then the heat load is twice the electrical input. All of the remaining fossil fuel and some of the electricity is used for heating

9. Heating vs Cooling It looks as if the demand for heating is about nine times higher than the demand for cooling. The market for heat pumps is huge! At present heat pumps are being designed and sold by refrigeration people – we need a bigger vision!

10. Food Factory Heating System

11. Summary of Heating loads There are two independent hot water circuits: The Clean in Place circuit has a high load but is used intermittently. The closed loop circuit provides heat to the chocolate moulds during production and is used continuously.

12. Pictures of site installation

13. District heating - Ammonia schematic

14. District heating - Water heating schematic

15. Boiler House and Compressor Room