A presentation about the System of Rice Intensification by Biksham Gujja, policy adviser, Global Freshwater Programme, WWF-International. Find out more at: http://www.steps-centre.org/ourresearch/sri.html

6. The Hindu, 14th Dec.09 6

8. Food crisis means even more water crisis… Rice cultivation Demands more water Need to produce more rice with less water…

10. Water Availability: 1975 Water Availability: 2025 Extreme Scarcity <500 Scarcity 500-1,000 Stress 1,000-1,700 Adequate 1,700-4,000 Abundant 4,000-10,000 Surplus >10,000 Ocean/ Inland Water No Data m 3 /person/year

11. Crop water use So, we eat, wear, drink.. water… = 1kg 1,500 - 3,000 litres water = 1kg 3,000- 5,000 litres water = 1kg 3,000 – 5,000 litres water

12. Water is the issue in India and going to be even more so.. Water use (Unit: BCM) Source: *NCIWRDP, 1999a, #Planning Commission 2007 and  NCIWRDP Vol.1, 1999 precipitation * 4,000 annual water resource after runoff, evaporation etc. * 1,953 usable water * 1086 water use in 2000 # 634 irrigation in 2000 542 Total per capita water use 600 cu.m water use in 2050 973- 1,180 irrigation in 2050 628 Total estimated need per person in 2050 (agriculture) 500 cu.m Total estimated need per person in 2050 (domestic) 70 cu.m

17. Experiences with SRI

23. December 2, 2009 India could be a new pole of global growth: World Bank president Robert Zoellick Everyone cites India’s Green Revolution. But I’m even more intrigued by what is known as SRI, or system of rice intensification, and I know this is also an area of interest for PM Manmohan Singh. Using smart water management and planting practices , farmers in Tamil Nadu have increased rice yields between 30 and 80 per cent, reduced water use by 30 per cent, and now require significantly less fertilizer. This emerging technology not only addresses food security but also the water scarcity challenge that climate change is making all the more dangerous . These are all lessons for our world.

24. SRI like practice 100 years ago Single seedling planting, row planting, wider spacing , intercultivation were practiced a century ago in India Visit : www.sri-india.net (SRI Newsletter 6)

25. … In Madras, 120,000 copies of a leaflet on the single-seedling planting of paddy have been issued … the leaflets circulated in that Presidency, as in other provinces, are of little real value, unless they are issued in connection with a definite demonstration of their subject matter. The results of leaflets advocating the single-seedling planting of paddy are likely to prove very disappointing, unless the cultivators to whom they are given are provided with ample opportunities of seeing for themselves the advantages arising from the adoption of this practice … (pages 154-155). Single seedling planting promoted in 1928 ….. Madan, J.A., and F.W.H. Smith. 1928. Royal Commission on Agriculture in India . Government Central Press. Bombay. 754p.

28. benefits of a smaller nursery, low seed rate, very low cost for removing seedlings, labour saving and water saving were appealing to farmers to adopt SRI Impact of IAMWARM project in Hosur area, Tamil Nadu

29. Grain yields jumped from 4200 - 6000 kg/ha under conventional transplanting to 5800 - 13600 kg/ ha under SRI

30. Sinclair’s (IRRI) wrong perception on SRI-1 A Tamil Nadu farmer showing a single plant (hill) with more than 100 panicles, grown with single-seedling planting at 25x25 cm spacing. SRI suffers from poor light interception because of low plant densities

31. Sinclair’s wrong perception on SRI-2 little is known about the physiology of rice when it is grown under conditions of low plant density and shallow irrigation with alternate wetting-and-drying, plus soil-aerating intercultivation with mechanical hand weeders SRI farmer’s field without flood water ‘ ample’ water maximizes rice yields whereas SRI replaces paddy flooding by simply maintaining “moist” soil conditions

32. Sinclair’s wrong perception on SRI-3 SRI emphasizes organic fertilization in preference to mineral fertilizer. Many SRI farmers are adopting integrated nutrient management SRI emphasizes organic nutrients to the exclusion of mineral fertilizer

33. Perspectives of Farmers…

34. NAME OF THE FARMER : KAPIL BEHAL: VILLAGE HAYATNAGAR : DIST:GURDASPU SEASON : KHARIF SEASON 2008-09 AREA UNDER SRI : 1 ACRE VARIETY : PHB-71

35. Name: Shri. Rikeshwar Prasad Age: 42 Years Education Qualification: B.A. Pass. Name of Village: Andarthi Name of District: Tehri Garhwal Name of State: Uttarakhand Number of family members: 4 Primary Occupation: Agriculture, Animal Husbandry Number of years in farming: Since childhood S. No. Parameter Conventional Technique S.R.I Technique 1 Total number of Tillers 10 58 2 Average plant height (cm) 145 c.m. 174 c.m . 3 Productive Tillers 6 41 4 Average Panicle length (c.m.) 20 c.m. 24 c.m. 5 Average number of Grains/Panicle 130 254 6 Total Output Grain 30 kg/nali (15.00 Q/ha) 62.5 kg/ nali (31.25 Q/ha) 7 Total Output Straw 40.0 kg/nali (20.00 Q/ha) 88.5. kg/nali (44.25 Q/ha) 8 Total cost on cultivation (Rs.) Rs. 435/nali (Rs. 21,750/ha) Rs. 250/nali (Rs. 12,500/ha) 9 Net Profit earned - Rs. 2,750/ha Rs. 27,600/ ha

38. SRI Manual

39. Types of Weeders in use Mechanised weeder (under testing) Japan Weeder Single drum weeder Cono weeder Mandava weeder 3 – Rows Raichur weeder

40. Latest tools displayed during the 3 rd National Symposium on SRI

42. SRI Map

43. Launching of SSI Manual

44. SSI Map