4. Definition
Waste Management (WM) is a multi-
disciplinary activity involving engineering
principles, economic, urban and regional
planning, and management techniques. It is
closely related to social sciences. Since it
cannot be avoided the efforts are required to
minimize the overall wastivity of the system
under consideration.
Waste management
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5. Basis of
Recyclables
of the
Waste
• Scrap
Basis of
Resource
Wasted:
• Surplus
TYPES • Obsoletion
OF
WASTE Basis of
Source of
Origin
Basis of
Property
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Waste management
7. Disposal (Landfill)
Disposing of waste in a landfill
involves burying waste to dispose
of it, and this remains a common
practice in most countries.
Historically, landfills were often
established in disused quarries,
mining voids or borrow pits
Many landfills also have landfill
gas extraction systems installed to
extract the landfill gas. Gas is
pumped out of the landfill using
perforated pipes and flared off or
burnt in a gas engine to generate
electricity.
Waste management
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8. Disposal(Incineration)
Incineration is disposal method that
involves combustion of waste material.
Incineration and other high temperature
waste treatment systems are sometimes
described as "thermal treatment". It
convert waste materials into heat, gas,
steam, and ash
It is carried out both on a small scale
by individuals and on a large scale by
industry. It is used to dispose of solid,
liquid and gaseous waste. It is
recognized as a practical method of
disposing of certain hazardous waste
materials.
Waste management
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9. Recycling
The process of extracting resources or value
from waste is generally referred to as
recycling, meaning to recovery or reuses the
material.
Waste management
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11. Recycling (Physical Reprocessing )
The popular meaning of ‘recycling’ in
most developed countries refers to the
widespread collection and reuse of
everyday waste materials.
The most common consumer products
recycled include aluminum beverage
cans, and aerosol cans.
Other types of plastic (PVC, LDPE, PP,
are also recyclable, although these are
not as commonly collected. These items
are usually composed of a single type of
material, making them relatively easy to
recycle into new products.
Waste management
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12. Recycling (Biological Processing)
Waste materials that are organic in nature, such as plant
material, food scraps, and paper products, can be recycled
using biogical composting and digestion processes to
decompose the organic matter.
The intention of biological processing in waste management
is to control and accelerate the natural process of
decomposition of organic matter.
Methods of biological decomposition are differentiated as
being aerobic or anaerobic methods.
Waste management
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13. Avoidance and Reduction
It is the prevention of waste material being
created. Methods of avoidance include reuse of
unwanted products, repairing broken items,
designing single-use products to be reusable,
and designing products that use less material to
achieve the same purpose.
Waste management
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14. Waste handling and transport
Waste collection methods vary
widely between different
countries and regions.
Domestic waste collection
services are often provided by
local government authorities,
or by private industry. Some
areas, especially those in less
developed countries, do not
have a formal waste-collection
system.
Waste management
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15. Waste management concepts
Waste hierarchy Polluter pays
- The waste hierarchy refers to
principle
the - the Polluter Pays Principle is
"3Rs" reduce, reuse and recycle, a principle where the polluting
which classify waste party pays for the impact
management strategies caused to the environment.
according to their desirability in With respect to waste
terms of waste minimization. management, this generally
The waste hierarchy remains the refers to the requirement for
cornerstone of most waste a waste generator to pay for
minimization strategies. appropriate disposal of the
The aim of the waste hierarchy waste.
is to extract the maximum
practical benefits from products
and to generate the minimum
amount of waste see: resource
recovery
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