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Oman
- 4. 1800s-1900s - Omani empire expands to include Zanzibar and Mombasa on Africa's east coast and parts of the Indian subcontinent, reflecting Oman's strong maritime heritage.
- 5. 1737 - Persians invade.
- 6. 1749 - Persians are driven out. The Al Bu Said dynasty comes to power, and continues to rule to this day.
- 7. 1913 - Control of the country splits. The interior is ruled by Ibadite imams and the coastal areas by the sultan. Under a British-brokered agreement in 1920 the sultan recognises the autonomy of the interior.
- 8. 1959 - Sultan Said bin Taimur regains control of the interior. His rule is characterised by a fuedal and isolationist approach.
- 9. 1964 - Oil reserves are discovered; extraction begins in 1967.
- 10. 1965-75 - Rebellion in the southern region of Dhofar in which leftist forces are pitted against government troops. The uprising is finally put down with the help of soldiers from Jordan and Iran.
- 12. 1981 - Oman is a founding member of the six-nation Gulf Cooperation Council.
- 13. 1997 - Sultan Qaboos decrees that women can stand for election to - and vote for - the Consultative Council. Two women are duly elected to the body.
- 14. 1999 - Oman and neighboring United Arab Emirates (UAE) sign a border agreement defining most of their disputed common frontier.
- 16. Sultan Said bin Taimur was ultraconservative and opposed to change of any kind
- 17. Its original aim was the overthrow of Said ibn Taimur, but, by 1967, under the name of the Popular Front for the Liberation of the Occupied Arabian Gulf--which in 1974 was changed to the Popular Front for the Liberation of Oman (PFLO)
- 22. Opened up the entire country of Oman
- 23. Created economic reforms and boosted spending on health, education and welfare
- 24. By reorganizing and modernizing the military he was able to defeat the Dhofar crisis and begin concentrating on other issues.
- 28. Since 1980 Oman and the U.S. have been parties to a military cooperation agreement
- 29. Oman also has long been an active participant in efforts to achieve Middle East peace.
- 37. English
- 38. Baluchi
- 40. Baluchi
- 41. South Asian
- 44. 25% other including large minorities Sunni and Shia Muslim, and also Hindu.
- 45. Areas along the Omani coast, influenced by international trade and tourism, are more open to non-Islamic religions and ways of life.
- 47. Oman's patriarchal culture, in combination with conservative religious norms, continues to have a profound impact on women.
- 48. Despite progress, women face discrimination in almost all areas of life, and men are traditionally and legally seen as heads of household.
- 49. Women remain underrepresented in the judiciary and government structures, and do not have full freedom to make decisions about their health and reproductive rights.
- 50. They are afforded unequal rights under the personal status law, which governs inheritance, marriage, divorce, and child custody
- 52. Over the last five years, women have continued to enjoy higher levels of economic participation, and according to some sources they now represent 19.1 percent of Oman's workforce.
- 53. Oman was one of the first Gulf countries to provide women with political rights and begin integrating them into government structures.
- 54. Women have been allowed to vote and stand in elections for the Majlis al-Shura (Consultative Council).
- 67. National Holiday: November 18
- 68. CPI : 39 th
- 70. Political Parties: NONE
- 71. Voting Age: 21
- 75. The Shura Council consists of 71 seats and are appointed by the Sultan
- 77. Criminal
- 78. Commercial
- 79. Labor
- 81. Head of State and Commander in Chief
- 82. All decisions finalized by the Sultan
- 83. Appoints Council of Ministers
- 87. Minister of Foreign Affairs
- 88. Chairman of the Central Bank
- 90. Punishment can be up to 2 years in prison and a fine up to $2,000
- 91. Journalist, activist, and co-founder of the Oman Writers' Society, Ali al-Zwaidi published material relating to corruption in Omantel and sentenced to 10 days and required to pay a fine.
- 93. Government has black list of people that are allowed to have media appearance.
- 94. The Arabic Network for Human Rights Information feels that these actions are hostile to the freedom of expression.
- 95. Eventually, the government lifted the ban to some books and/or showed tolerance.
- 106. 53 rd compared to the world.
- 110. Major trading partners: China(31.7%), South Korea(17%),UAE(11.7%), Japan(11%),Thailand(7.1%)
- 111. Oil production: 806,000 bbl/day. 25 th in world.
- 112. Unemployment Rate: 15%(2004 est.)
- 113. Inflation rate: 5.3%(2009 est.)
- 114. National external debt: $7.747 billion USD
- 116. The exchange rate from USD to rials is $1 USD= 0.385 Rials.
- 117. Introduced as monetary unit of Oman in 1932.
- 119. Oman has a high oil production level, they cease to grow due to their lack of diversification of resources and continue to export low value raw materials and import manufactured goods.
- 121. Oil production has been a main asset to the success of Oman and 2/3 of all oil production comes from the Middle East.
- 122. Ex. Resource Curse
- 123. Ultimately, by 2022 it is said that most of the oil reserves will be depleted and Oman must find new means of commodities other than oil.
- 125. This plan the government calls “vision 2020” was adopted in 1996 and is set up to diversify the economy so that the oil sector of the GDP changes from 37% to 9%.
- 127. 2. enable the private sector to participate in development of national economy.
- 128. 3.Activate market forces and competition
- 129. 4.increase efficiency in deployment of resources.
- 130. 5.development and enforcement of capital market.
- 132. Doing so will allow the transportation process to and from Oman more efficient which will later boost economic growth.
- 134. This is very difficult to uphold due to the constant political instability in the Middle East, neighboring countries will sabotage oil pipelines during state of unrest.
- 136. By 2020 Oman hopes have drastically changed their global economy to a more efficient competitor in the global market.
- 138. The country has made concrete moves to develop trade links between Asia, Oman has made 3 major investments in 3 major ports in the Indian Ocean, as well as numerous free trade agreements.
- 141. Which opened up important sea ports like Salalah.
- 142. This helped Oman tremendously because it was an initiative for foreign business’ to invest in Oman because they new they would be protected.
- 144. Capital expenditure on oil:34%
- 145. Investment in gas-based indust.:22%
- 146. Total investment in oil and gas: 56%
- 147. Public sector: 54%
- 149. Yahya bin said Al Jabri, executive president of CMA, states that with the completion of the infrastructure in various parts, he declares Oman is keeping pace with the long-term plan.
- 150. In order to drastically change the economy the country must also obtain a strong, centralized political system. Continuous fighting and growing military tensions is the one of two main challenges to this reform.
Notes de l'éditeur
- Basically, Dhofar was the most overlooked and backwards place in Oman. This rebellion aimed to liberalize Oman and make it a “People’s Republic” against a really conservative ruler. The Sultan was overthrown by his son which was the beginning of the end to this rebellion.
- On 23 July 1970 Qaboos succeeded his father following a nearly bloodless palace coup. The action was coordinated by Sultan Sa’id’s British military advisors. The actual coup was lead by Burayk bin Hamud al-Ghafiri, the son of Sultan Sa’id’s governor of Dhofar, who led a group of the sultan’s bodyguards to the palace. After a brief struggle, Sultan Sa’id surrendered, signed an abdication document, received medical attention for a superficial gunshot wound, and then was flown to England to be exiled.
- National Holiday is the Sultan’s Birthday Although there isn’t a constitution, there is a royal decree with some explanations of laws, including succession, form of government. Borrows from Islamic and Common Law. Military and security officials can’t vote.
- Disposed of his father 53 Member in Council of Ministers
- Al-Zwaidi has been writing since 1986
- Arabic Network for Human Rights Information Black List is secret. Only three people have been discovered