1. A PROJECT REPORT
ON
Management of Large and
Complex Software Projects
BY
SUDIPTA DAS
MBA (PROJECT MANAGEMENT)
(REGISTRATION NO.1402013429)

2. Master of Business Administration
Sikkim Manipal University

3. TABLE OF CONTENTS
 Implications of Large project
 Software project estimation
 Large and Complex matrix
 Value Pyramid
 How to Manage
 Challenges in Software Product
Marketing
 Executive summary
 Introduction
 Successful implementation
of such large projects
requires synthesis
 Research
 Analysis
 What is complexity?
 Classification of complexity
 Software complexity
 Complex Model Structure

4. TABLE OF CONTENTS
 Gantt chart
 TCS’s MasterCraft
 Why use a project management
method?
 What is PRINCE?
 Indian IT Vendors Vs Global MNCs
 Conclusion
 Recommendations
 References
 Software product Market
Strategies
 How do we measure Complexity?
 Case Study 1
 Case study 2
 Why do complex and large
projects fail?
 Challenges in handling these
projects
 Tools used For Managing
Complex and Large Software
projects

5. Executive Summary
Software firms have three broad areas People, Process and Technology. They look forward to
satisfying their clients to their best with their manpower, Delivery model and Expertise. One
of the major challenges of IT firm is to deliver low cost model with better quality. The main
focus of the IT firms is to generate steady revenue over years through their large projects.
There is also an immense pressure from the client’s side for low cost model and many IT firms
are also looking for long term contract with their clients.

6. Successful implementation of such large projects
Experienced management and leadership
In-depth domain and functional knowledge
A wide range of technology skills across multiple technologies
Architectures and designs that will endure the test of time
Organizational focus and commitment
Active participation of all stakeholders, including vendors

7. Research
Secondary Research: The secondary research includes gathering information from articles,
business magazines, newspaper, books, online articles and journals.
Primary Research: The primary research has been carried out through field visit where the
information has been gathered from eminent professionals from the Industry who are
exposed to the similar situation thereby understanding the hard core facts for substantiating
my secondary information.

8. Analysis
Compare Indian IT Company with MNC. How we handle these projects
Why do complex and large projects fail?
What are the new set of challenges in handling these projects
What are the ways to manage these projects
Key concern areas pricing, man power planning, communication, quality control ,
relationships etc in these projects
Tools and Methodology that are being used to handle large and complex projects

9. What is Complexity?
What do we mean by complex software projects?
How do we quantify them?
Complexity is a measure of the resources which must be expanded in developing,
maintaining, or using a software product. Software complexity is the degree of
difficulty in analyzing, maintaining, testing, designing and modifying software

10. Classification of complexity
Complexity of the problem: which is the inherent complexity, created during the
requirements phase
Complexity of solution: which is the complexity being attached to the complexity
of the problem. This type of complexity is added during the development stages
following the requirements phase, primarily during the designing and coding
phases.

11. Software complexity
 Problem Complexity
Algorithmic complexity
Structural complexity
Cognitive complexity
Domain complexity
Scale complexity
Business complexity

12. Complex Model Structure

13. Implications of Large project
 Multi geographical spread of operations
High level of management control
Experienced management and leadership

14. Software project estimation
Estimate the size of the development product.
This generally ends up in either Lines of Code
Estimate the effort in person-months or person-hours.
Estimate the schedule in calendar months.
Estimate the project cost in dollars (or local currency)

15. Large and Complex matrix

16. Value Pyramid

17. How to Manage
Prepare a project plan for a systems integration project
Identify technical and managerial challenges associated with systems integration projects
Establish an effective systems integration team
Select and use performance metrics
Manage the development and implementation of a systems integration project
Establish an effective test environment
Work effectively with subcontractors and suppliers
Monitor and control a systems integration project
Close a project and document lessons learned

18. Challenges in Software Product Marketing
Marketing & distribution
IPR protection & Licensing
Domain expertise
Technological prowess

19. Software product Market Strategies

20. How do we measure Complexity?
Structural Measures of Software Complexity
 Control-flow structure
Data-flow structure
Data structure

21. Case Study 1
HP – Bank of India
Bank of India (BOI) was coming under competitive pressure from both public and private sector banks,
including multinationals that were going ahead with "technology-enabled transformation." BOI wanted
to move to the next level of IT-enablement, that would give it the agility and adaptability required to
function in a dynamic market; in other words, begin the journey to being an Adaptive Enterprise. a Core
Banking System (CBS), making a paradigm shift from 'branch' automation to 'bank' automation, with the
requirements being:
• Flexible, scalable and innovative technology infrastructure that will provide the business agility to
respond to the changing market dynamics
• A customer centric infrastructure that will enable bank to substantially increase existing customer
service levels with increased ability to attract new customers

22. Case Study 2
The HP-Oracle Partnership – Optimized for agility
HP partnered with Oracle for the BOI data warehousing solution. The leader in data
warehousing, Oracle delivers the best performance, scalability, and manageability
available today and simplifies the maintenance of an ever-expanding data warehouse,
while offering the world's fastest performance and lowest price/performance.
The HP Adaptive Enterprise approach and its benefits
Deploying the HP solution, which aligns BOI's IT infrastructure with its business objectives,
will give BOI an unified customer view, aid scientific decision making and result in a faster
time-to-market. By outsourcing IT operations and management, the Bank can now focus
on core business activities for competitive advantage. Reduction in the Total Cost of
Ownership (TCO) of the project also provides a high level of predictability on future cash
flows.

23. Why do complex and large projects fail?
Lack of clients interest
Lack of documentation of minutes of meeting.
Non identification of complex parts. Large project fails for not implementing the complex
part first.

24. Challenges in handling these projects
Manpower planning
Improvement of the level of education for better talent pool
Effective management of clients relationship and expectation
Language and cultural barriers
Improvement in productivity, quality and performance
Multi geography execution

25. Tools used For Managing Complex and Large Software
projects
Microsoft Project
Matchware Mindview
Project Kickstart
Basecamp

26. Gantt chart
Gantt Charts are useful tools for analyzing and planning more complex projects.
Help we to plan out the tasks that need to be completed
Give we a basis for scheduling when these tasks will be carried out
Allow we to plan the allocation of resources needed to complete the project, and
Help we to work out the critical path for a project where we must complete it by a
particular date.
When a project is under way, Gantt charts help we to monitor whether the project is on
schedule. If it is not, it allows us to pinpoint the remedial action necessary to put it back on
schedule.

27. TCS’s MasterCraft
TCS has launched MasterCraft, a comprehensive software development tool for
the execution and management of large software development projects efficiently.
MasterCraft can automate the process of generation of code for large software
development projects
MasterCraft works on C++, Java, Tuxedo, CICS, IBM mainframes, Windows NT, Linux
and Solaris.
The global market is estimated to be about $ 5-8 billion for this type of software
and has about five large players.

28. Why use a project management method?
Project failures are all too common
Lack of co-ordination of resources and activities
Lack of communication with interested parties
Poor estimation of duration and costs
Inadequate planning of resources, activities, and scheduling
Lack of quality control

29. What is PRINCE?
Projects In Controlled Environments ~ structured method for effective project
management.
The key features of PRINCE:
Its focus on business justification
A defined organization structure for the project management team
Its product-based planning approach

30. PRINCE2 is a process-based approach for project management providing an easily
tailored, and scaleable method for the management of all types of projects. Each
process is defined with its key inputs and outputs together with the specific objectives
to be achieved and activities to be carried out.
Prince2 Methodology

31. Indian IT Vendors Vs Global MNCs

32. Conclusion
According to this study the company requires matured process and methodology, robust
tools and techniques, domain expertise and large scale development centers cutting
across the globe for handling these projects.
We also understood the relationship between large and complex software projects. It is
important for the companies to move from business support processes to business critical
processes by identifying the new of challenges like scale of operation, manpower
planning, process capabilities etc. in executing large and complex process.

33. Recommendations
Indian IT companies should be truly global in executing the projects. They should take
in account the cultural and language barriers while emerging as a global company.
Following are the recommendations that are prepared through both primary and
secondary research.
Better manpower planning. First we should create the talent pool which is
prerequisite for executing any project.
In depth domain knowledge
Rich Technology expertise
Active participation of all stake holders through proper communication planning
Experienced team of consultants

34. References
Management of Large software development efforts by Robert wzmund.
Managing Software Projects by Frank tsui
Managing Software complex projects by Terrym Williams
Managing agile projects by Kevin aguanno
Software complexity and project performance Thesis by Sofia Nystedt and Claes
Sandros
www.sei.com
www.nasscom.com
www.pmi.org
www.microsoft.com

35. Thank You