SlideShare une entreprise Scribd logo
1  sur  16
Women and Change

International Women’s Day 2014
Warringah Council
Professor Marian Baird
marian.baird@sydney.edu.au

BUSINESS
SCHOOL
Male and Female Participation Rates 1978-2013, %

ABS Labour Force, Australia, April 2013 Cat. No. 6291.0.55.001
Male and Female Employment 1978-2013
(Numbers)
‘M’ CURVE: women’s labour force participation rate by age
1978-2013, %

ABS Labour Force, Australia, April 2013 Cat. No. 6291.0.55.001
‘M’ CURVE: women’s full-time employment rates
by age, 1978-2013

ABS Labour Force, Australia, April 2013 Cat. No. 6291.0.55.001
Inverted ‘U’ CURVE: men’s labour force participation rate by age 19782013, %

ABS Labour Force, Australia, April 2013 Cat. No.
Maternal employment rates by age of youngest
child, 2009

7
Maternal employment rates by age of youngest
child, 2009

8
Gaps
› Hours gaps – women work part-time; men work fulltime
› Leave gaps – women take more leave from the
labour market than men
› Security gaps – more women in casual and
precarious employment
› Career gaps – the labour market is segregated and
women are not represented in leadership positions
› Pay gaps – women earn 17.5% less than men
Ceilings?

Women in leadership census Nov 2012

10
Pay

11
The Changes
› More mothers in the workforce – ‘part-time
norm’
› Rise of female breadwinners – ‘rise of wives’
and ‘breadwomen’
› More self-employed women – ‘mumpreneurs’
THE MUMPRENEUR

Images: Coniville, N. “The Rise of the Mumpreneur”, Body+Soul Mums
http://mums.bodyandsoul.com.au/pregnancy+parenting/parenting+tips/the+rise+of+the+mumpren
13
The Policy Changes
1. Right to request flexible work arrangements (Fair Work Act,
2009)
2. Right to request extension to unpaid parental leave

(Fair Work Act,

2009)

3. Pay equity – equal remuneration principles (Fair Work Act,
2009)
4. Low paid bargaining stream (Fair Work Act, 2009)
5. Paid Parental Leave (Jan 1, 2011)
6. Dad and Partner Pay (Jan 2013)
7. Workplace Gender Equality Act (setting new standards and
benchmarks, 2013 – being reviewed now)
Change and Continuity
- Women are more educated than ever (and than men)
- Women are entering the workforce, and staying in it, in
greater numbers than ever
- Women's experience at work is different to men’s
-> hours gaps, career gaps, pay gaps, superannuation gaps
- Some policy advances have been made but challenges
remain
- Women’s experience in the labour market is changing
- but this is not reflected at home

15
HAPPY IWD 2014

16

Contenu connexe

Plus de Inspiring Women

The Small Business Cyber Security Best Practice Guide
The Small Business Cyber Security Best Practice GuideThe Small Business Cyber Security Best Practice Guide
The Small Business Cyber Security Best Practice GuideInspiring Women
 
How to get your website to deliver more profit
How to get your website to deliver more profitHow to get your website to deliver more profit
How to get your website to deliver more profitInspiring Women
 
The Marketing Touchpoints of one business during one year.
The Marketing Touchpoints of one business during one year.The Marketing Touchpoints of one business during one year.
The Marketing Touchpoints of one business during one year.Inspiring Women
 
Imposter Syndrome & Why it affects Women
Imposter Syndrome & Why it affects WomenImposter Syndrome & Why it affects Women
Imposter Syndrome & Why it affects WomenInspiring Women
 
Doing Business with Council August 2014 workshop
Doing Business with Council August 2014 workshopDoing Business with Council August 2014 workshop
Doing Business with Council August 2014 workshopInspiring Women
 
Local Business Statistics for Warringah Aug 2014
Local Business Statistics for Warringah Aug 2014Local Business Statistics for Warringah Aug 2014
Local Business Statistics for Warringah Aug 2014Inspiring Women
 
Seniors Program Warringah Council 2014 - 15 March - 16 April
Seniors Program Warringah Council  2014 - 15 March - 16 AprilSeniors Program Warringah Council  2014 - 15 March - 16 April
Seniors Program Warringah Council 2014 - 15 March - 16 AprilInspiring Women
 
Journey speech for Inspiring Women & Warringah Council: International Womens ...
Journey speech for Inspiring Women & Warringah Council: International Womens ...Journey speech for Inspiring Women & Warringah Council: International Womens ...
Journey speech for Inspiring Women & Warringah Council: International Womens ...Inspiring Women
 
Australian Local Government Womens Association Dec13/Jan14 Newsletter
Australian Local Government Womens Association Dec13/Jan14 NewsletterAustralian Local Government Womens Association Dec13/Jan14 Newsletter
Australian Local Government Womens Association Dec13/Jan14 NewsletterInspiring Women
 
Networking for Sydney Designers
Networking for Sydney DesignersNetworking for Sydney Designers
Networking for Sydney DesignersInspiring Women
 
Board reporting template
Board reporting templateBoard reporting template
Board reporting templateInspiring Women
 
Local business forum - Doing Business with Council
Local business forum - Doing Business with CouncilLocal business forum - Doing Business with Council
Local business forum - Doing Business with CouncilInspiring Women
 
Relationship domestic violence Flyer
Relationship domestic violence FlyerRelationship domestic violence Flyer
Relationship domestic violence FlyerInspiring Women
 
Couse & Community Centre Activities for Warringah Centres in 2013
Couse & Community Centre Activities for Warringah Centres in 2013Couse & Community Centre Activities for Warringah Centres in 2013
Couse & Community Centre Activities for Warringah Centres in 2013Inspiring Women
 
Www.rdasydney.org.au rda plan_2012_web_l2
Www.rdasydney.org.au rda plan_2012_web_l2Www.rdasydney.org.au rda plan_2012_web_l2
Www.rdasydney.org.au rda plan_2012_web_l2Inspiring Women
 
Accumulating poverty? Women’s experiences of inequality over the lifecycle
Accumulating poverty?  Women’s experiences  of inequality over the  lifecycleAccumulating poverty?  Women’s experiences  of inequality over the  lifecycle
Accumulating poverty? Women’s experiences of inequality over the lifecycleInspiring Women
 
Fair tradingnswexcellentreferencemarch2012running a_business
Fair tradingnswexcellentreferencemarch2012running a_businessFair tradingnswexcellentreferencemarch2012running a_business
Fair tradingnswexcellentreferencemarch2012running a_businessInspiring Women
 

Plus de Inspiring Women (20)

The Small Business Cyber Security Best Practice Guide
The Small Business Cyber Security Best Practice GuideThe Small Business Cyber Security Best Practice Guide
The Small Business Cyber Security Best Practice Guide
 
How to get your website to deliver more profit
How to get your website to deliver more profitHow to get your website to deliver more profit
How to get your website to deliver more profit
 
The Marketing Touchpoints of one business during one year.
The Marketing Touchpoints of one business during one year.The Marketing Touchpoints of one business during one year.
The Marketing Touchpoints of one business during one year.
 
Imposter Syndrome & Why it affects Women
Imposter Syndrome & Why it affects WomenImposter Syndrome & Why it affects Women
Imposter Syndrome & Why it affects Women
 
Doing Business with Council August 2014 workshop
Doing Business with Council August 2014 workshopDoing Business with Council August 2014 workshop
Doing Business with Council August 2014 workshop
 
Local Business Statistics for Warringah Aug 2014
Local Business Statistics for Warringah Aug 2014Local Business Statistics for Warringah Aug 2014
Local Business Statistics for Warringah Aug 2014
 
Seniors Program Warringah Council 2014 - 15 March - 16 April
Seniors Program Warringah Council  2014 - 15 March - 16 AprilSeniors Program Warringah Council  2014 - 15 March - 16 April
Seniors Program Warringah Council 2014 - 15 March - 16 April
 
Journey speech for Inspiring Women & Warringah Council: International Womens ...
Journey speech for Inspiring Women & Warringah Council: International Womens ...Journey speech for Inspiring Women & Warringah Council: International Womens ...
Journey speech for Inspiring Women & Warringah Council: International Womens ...
 
Australian Local Government Womens Association Dec13/Jan14 Newsletter
Australian Local Government Womens Association Dec13/Jan14 NewsletterAustralian Local Government Womens Association Dec13/Jan14 Newsletter
Australian Local Government Womens Association Dec13/Jan14 Newsletter
 
Networking for Sydney Designers
Networking for Sydney DesignersNetworking for Sydney Designers
Networking for Sydney Designers
 
Board reporting template
Board reporting templateBoard reporting template
Board reporting template
 
Local business forum - Doing Business with Council
Local business forum - Doing Business with CouncilLocal business forum - Doing Business with Council
Local business forum - Doing Business with Council
 
Relationship domestic violence Flyer
Relationship domestic violence FlyerRelationship domestic violence Flyer
Relationship domestic violence Flyer
 
Someone cares
Someone caresSomeone cares
Someone cares
 
Couse & Community Centre Activities for Warringah Centres in 2013
Couse & Community Centre Activities for Warringah Centres in 2013Couse & Community Centre Activities for Warringah Centres in 2013
Couse & Community Centre Activities for Warringah Centres in 2013
 
Www.rdasydney.org.au rda plan_2012_web_l2
Www.rdasydney.org.au rda plan_2012_web_l2Www.rdasydney.org.au rda plan_2012_web_l2
Www.rdasydney.org.au rda plan_2012_web_l2
 
Twochoices
TwochoicesTwochoices
Twochoices
 
Accumulating poverty? Women’s experiences of inequality over the lifecycle
Accumulating poverty?  Women’s experiences  of inequality over the  lifecycleAccumulating poverty?  Women’s experiences  of inequality over the  lifecycle
Accumulating poverty? Women’s experiences of inequality over the lifecycle
 
2012 june year end tax
2012 june year end tax 2012 june year end tax
2012 june year end tax
 
Fair tradingnswexcellentreferencemarch2012running a_business
Fair tradingnswexcellentreferencemarch2012running a_businessFair tradingnswexcellentreferencemarch2012running a_business
Fair tradingnswexcellentreferencemarch2012running a_business
 

Dernier

Dubai Call Girls Demons O525547819 Call Girls IN DUbai Natural Big Boody
Dubai Call Girls Demons O525547819 Call Girls IN DUbai Natural Big BoodyDubai Call Girls Demons O525547819 Call Girls IN DUbai Natural Big Boody
Dubai Call Girls Demons O525547819 Call Girls IN DUbai Natural Big Boodykojalkojal131
 
Dubai Call Girls Starlet O525547819 Call Girls Dubai Showen Dating
Dubai Call Girls Starlet O525547819 Call Girls Dubai Showen DatingDubai Call Girls Starlet O525547819 Call Girls Dubai Showen Dating
Dubai Call Girls Starlet O525547819 Call Girls Dubai Showen Datingkojalkojal131
 
CALL ON ➥8923113531 🔝Call Girls Nishatganj Lucknow best sexual service
CALL ON ➥8923113531 🔝Call Girls Nishatganj Lucknow best sexual serviceCALL ON ➥8923113531 🔝Call Girls Nishatganj Lucknow best sexual service
CALL ON ➥8923113531 🔝Call Girls Nishatganj Lucknow best sexual serviceanilsa9823
 
Escorts Service Cambridge Layout ☎ 7737669865☎ Book Your One night Stand (Ba...
Escorts Service Cambridge Layout  ☎ 7737669865☎ Book Your One night Stand (Ba...Escorts Service Cambridge Layout  ☎ 7737669865☎ Book Your One night Stand (Ba...
Escorts Service Cambridge Layout ☎ 7737669865☎ Book Your One night Stand (Ba...amitlee9823
 
Dubai Call Girls Naija O525547819 Call Girls In Dubai Home Made
Dubai Call Girls Naija O525547819 Call Girls In Dubai Home MadeDubai Call Girls Naija O525547819 Call Girls In Dubai Home Made
Dubai Call Girls Naija O525547819 Call Girls In Dubai Home Madekojalkojal131
 
Booking open Available Pune Call Girls Ambegaon Khurd 6297143586 Call Hot In...
Booking open Available Pune Call Girls Ambegaon Khurd  6297143586 Call Hot In...Booking open Available Pune Call Girls Ambegaon Khurd  6297143586 Call Hot In...
Booking open Available Pune Call Girls Ambegaon Khurd 6297143586 Call Hot In...Call Girls in Nagpur High Profile
 
Delhi Call Girls Munirka 9711199171 ☎✔👌✔ Whatsapp Hard And Sexy Vip Call
Delhi Call Girls Munirka 9711199171 ☎✔👌✔ Whatsapp Hard And Sexy Vip CallDelhi Call Girls Munirka 9711199171 ☎✔👌✔ Whatsapp Hard And Sexy Vip Call
Delhi Call Girls Munirka 9711199171 ☎✔👌✔ Whatsapp Hard And Sexy Vip Callshivangimorya083
 
(Call Girls) in Lucknow Real photos of Female Escorts 👩🏼‍❤️‍💋‍👩🏻 8923113531 ➝...
(Call Girls) in Lucknow Real photos of Female Escorts 👩🏼‍❤️‍💋‍👩🏻 8923113531 ➝...(Call Girls) in Lucknow Real photos of Female Escorts 👩🏼‍❤️‍💋‍👩🏻 8923113531 ➝...
(Call Girls) in Lucknow Real photos of Female Escorts 👩🏼‍❤️‍💋‍👩🏻 8923113531 ➝...gurkirankumar98700
 
Vip Modals Call Girls (Delhi) Rohini 9711199171✔️ Full night Service for one...
Vip  Modals Call Girls (Delhi) Rohini 9711199171✔️ Full night Service for one...Vip  Modals Call Girls (Delhi) Rohini 9711199171✔️ Full night Service for one...
Vip Modals Call Girls (Delhi) Rohini 9711199171✔️ Full night Service for one...shivangimorya083
 
Motilal Oswal Gift City Fund PPT - Apr 2024.pptx
Motilal Oswal Gift City Fund PPT - Apr 2024.pptxMotilal Oswal Gift City Fund PPT - Apr 2024.pptx
Motilal Oswal Gift City Fund PPT - Apr 2024.pptxMaulikVasani1
 
Delhi Call Girls In Atta Market 9711199012 Book Your One night Stand Call Girls
Delhi Call Girls In Atta Market 9711199012 Book Your One night Stand Call GirlsDelhi Call Girls In Atta Market 9711199012 Book Your One night Stand Call Girls
Delhi Call Girls In Atta Market 9711199012 Book Your One night Stand Call Girlsshivangimorya083
 
Pooja 9892124323, Call girls Services and Mumbai Escort Service Near Hotel Sa...
Pooja 9892124323, Call girls Services and Mumbai Escort Service Near Hotel Sa...Pooja 9892124323, Call girls Services and Mumbai Escort Service Near Hotel Sa...
Pooja 9892124323, Call girls Services and Mumbai Escort Service Near Hotel Sa...Pooja Nehwal
 
Book Paid Saswad Call Girls Pune 8250192130Low Budget Full Independent High P...
Book Paid Saswad Call Girls Pune 8250192130Low Budget Full Independent High P...Book Paid Saswad Call Girls Pune 8250192130Low Budget Full Independent High P...
Book Paid Saswad Call Girls Pune 8250192130Low Budget Full Independent High P...ranjana rawat
 
Internship Report].pdf iiwmoosmsosmshkssmk
Internship Report].pdf iiwmoosmsosmshkssmkInternship Report].pdf iiwmoosmsosmshkssmk
Internship Report].pdf iiwmoosmsosmshkssmkSujalTamhane
 
Delhi Call Girls South Ex 9711199171 ☎✔👌✔ Whatsapp Hard And Sexy Vip Call
Delhi Call Girls South Ex 9711199171 ☎✔👌✔ Whatsapp Hard And Sexy Vip CallDelhi Call Girls South Ex 9711199171 ☎✔👌✔ Whatsapp Hard And Sexy Vip Call
Delhi Call Girls South Ex 9711199171 ☎✔👌✔ Whatsapp Hard And Sexy Vip Callshivangimorya083
 
PM Job Search Council Info Session - PMI Silver Spring Chapter
PM Job Search Council Info Session - PMI Silver Spring ChapterPM Job Search Council Info Session - PMI Silver Spring Chapter
PM Job Search Council Info Session - PMI Silver Spring ChapterHector Del Castillo, CPM, CPMM
 
CALL ON ➥8923113531 🔝Call Girls Gosainganj Lucknow best sexual service
CALL ON ➥8923113531 🔝Call Girls Gosainganj Lucknow best sexual serviceCALL ON ➥8923113531 🔝Call Girls Gosainganj Lucknow best sexual service
CALL ON ➥8923113531 🔝Call Girls Gosainganj Lucknow best sexual serviceanilsa9823
 
CFO_SB_Career History_Multi Sector Experience
CFO_SB_Career History_Multi Sector ExperienceCFO_SB_Career History_Multi Sector Experience
CFO_SB_Career History_Multi Sector ExperienceSanjay Bokadia
 
Get To Know About "Lauren Prophet-Bryant''
Get To Know About "Lauren Prophet-Bryant''Get To Know About "Lauren Prophet-Bryant''
Get To Know About "Lauren Prophet-Bryant''Lauren Prophet-Bryant
 

Dernier (20)

Dubai Call Girls Demons O525547819 Call Girls IN DUbai Natural Big Boody
Dubai Call Girls Demons O525547819 Call Girls IN DUbai Natural Big BoodyDubai Call Girls Demons O525547819 Call Girls IN DUbai Natural Big Boody
Dubai Call Girls Demons O525547819 Call Girls IN DUbai Natural Big Boody
 
Dubai Call Girls Starlet O525547819 Call Girls Dubai Showen Dating
Dubai Call Girls Starlet O525547819 Call Girls Dubai Showen DatingDubai Call Girls Starlet O525547819 Call Girls Dubai Showen Dating
Dubai Call Girls Starlet O525547819 Call Girls Dubai Showen Dating
 
CALL ON ➥8923113531 🔝Call Girls Nishatganj Lucknow best sexual service
CALL ON ➥8923113531 🔝Call Girls Nishatganj Lucknow best sexual serviceCALL ON ➥8923113531 🔝Call Girls Nishatganj Lucknow best sexual service
CALL ON ➥8923113531 🔝Call Girls Nishatganj Lucknow best sexual service
 
Escorts Service Cambridge Layout ☎ 7737669865☎ Book Your One night Stand (Ba...
Escorts Service Cambridge Layout  ☎ 7737669865☎ Book Your One night Stand (Ba...Escorts Service Cambridge Layout  ☎ 7737669865☎ Book Your One night Stand (Ba...
Escorts Service Cambridge Layout ☎ 7737669865☎ Book Your One night Stand (Ba...
 
Call Girls In Prashant Vihar꧁❤ 🔝 9953056974🔝❤꧂ Escort ServiCe
Call Girls In Prashant Vihar꧁❤ 🔝 9953056974🔝❤꧂ Escort ServiCeCall Girls In Prashant Vihar꧁❤ 🔝 9953056974🔝❤꧂ Escort ServiCe
Call Girls In Prashant Vihar꧁❤ 🔝 9953056974🔝❤꧂ Escort ServiCe
 
Dubai Call Girls Naija O525547819 Call Girls In Dubai Home Made
Dubai Call Girls Naija O525547819 Call Girls In Dubai Home MadeDubai Call Girls Naija O525547819 Call Girls In Dubai Home Made
Dubai Call Girls Naija O525547819 Call Girls In Dubai Home Made
 
Booking open Available Pune Call Girls Ambegaon Khurd 6297143586 Call Hot In...
Booking open Available Pune Call Girls Ambegaon Khurd  6297143586 Call Hot In...Booking open Available Pune Call Girls Ambegaon Khurd  6297143586 Call Hot In...
Booking open Available Pune Call Girls Ambegaon Khurd 6297143586 Call Hot In...
 
Delhi Call Girls Munirka 9711199171 ☎✔👌✔ Whatsapp Hard And Sexy Vip Call
Delhi Call Girls Munirka 9711199171 ☎✔👌✔ Whatsapp Hard And Sexy Vip CallDelhi Call Girls Munirka 9711199171 ☎✔👌✔ Whatsapp Hard And Sexy Vip Call
Delhi Call Girls Munirka 9711199171 ☎✔👌✔ Whatsapp Hard And Sexy Vip Call
 
(Call Girls) in Lucknow Real photos of Female Escorts 👩🏼‍❤️‍💋‍👩🏻 8923113531 ➝...
(Call Girls) in Lucknow Real photos of Female Escorts 👩🏼‍❤️‍💋‍👩🏻 8923113531 ➝...(Call Girls) in Lucknow Real photos of Female Escorts 👩🏼‍❤️‍💋‍👩🏻 8923113531 ➝...
(Call Girls) in Lucknow Real photos of Female Escorts 👩🏼‍❤️‍💋‍👩🏻 8923113531 ➝...
 
Vip Modals Call Girls (Delhi) Rohini 9711199171✔️ Full night Service for one...
Vip  Modals Call Girls (Delhi) Rohini 9711199171✔️ Full night Service for one...Vip  Modals Call Girls (Delhi) Rohini 9711199171✔️ Full night Service for one...
Vip Modals Call Girls (Delhi) Rohini 9711199171✔️ Full night Service for one...
 
Motilal Oswal Gift City Fund PPT - Apr 2024.pptx
Motilal Oswal Gift City Fund PPT - Apr 2024.pptxMotilal Oswal Gift City Fund PPT - Apr 2024.pptx
Motilal Oswal Gift City Fund PPT - Apr 2024.pptx
 
Delhi Call Girls In Atta Market 9711199012 Book Your One night Stand Call Girls
Delhi Call Girls In Atta Market 9711199012 Book Your One night Stand Call GirlsDelhi Call Girls In Atta Market 9711199012 Book Your One night Stand Call Girls
Delhi Call Girls In Atta Market 9711199012 Book Your One night Stand Call Girls
 
Pooja 9892124323, Call girls Services and Mumbai Escort Service Near Hotel Sa...
Pooja 9892124323, Call girls Services and Mumbai Escort Service Near Hotel Sa...Pooja 9892124323, Call girls Services and Mumbai Escort Service Near Hotel Sa...
Pooja 9892124323, Call girls Services and Mumbai Escort Service Near Hotel Sa...
 
Book Paid Saswad Call Girls Pune 8250192130Low Budget Full Independent High P...
Book Paid Saswad Call Girls Pune 8250192130Low Budget Full Independent High P...Book Paid Saswad Call Girls Pune 8250192130Low Budget Full Independent High P...
Book Paid Saswad Call Girls Pune 8250192130Low Budget Full Independent High P...
 
Internship Report].pdf iiwmoosmsosmshkssmk
Internship Report].pdf iiwmoosmsosmshkssmkInternship Report].pdf iiwmoosmsosmshkssmk
Internship Report].pdf iiwmoosmsosmshkssmk
 
Delhi Call Girls South Ex 9711199171 ☎✔👌✔ Whatsapp Hard And Sexy Vip Call
Delhi Call Girls South Ex 9711199171 ☎✔👌✔ Whatsapp Hard And Sexy Vip CallDelhi Call Girls South Ex 9711199171 ☎✔👌✔ Whatsapp Hard And Sexy Vip Call
Delhi Call Girls South Ex 9711199171 ☎✔👌✔ Whatsapp Hard And Sexy Vip Call
 
PM Job Search Council Info Session - PMI Silver Spring Chapter
PM Job Search Council Info Session - PMI Silver Spring ChapterPM Job Search Council Info Session - PMI Silver Spring Chapter
PM Job Search Council Info Session - PMI Silver Spring Chapter
 
CALL ON ➥8923113531 🔝Call Girls Gosainganj Lucknow best sexual service
CALL ON ➥8923113531 🔝Call Girls Gosainganj Lucknow best sexual serviceCALL ON ➥8923113531 🔝Call Girls Gosainganj Lucknow best sexual service
CALL ON ➥8923113531 🔝Call Girls Gosainganj Lucknow best sexual service
 
CFO_SB_Career History_Multi Sector Experience
CFO_SB_Career History_Multi Sector ExperienceCFO_SB_Career History_Multi Sector Experience
CFO_SB_Career History_Multi Sector Experience
 
Get To Know About "Lauren Prophet-Bryant''
Get To Know About "Lauren Prophet-Bryant''Get To Know About "Lauren Prophet-Bryant''
Get To Know About "Lauren Prophet-Bryant''
 

International Women's Day - Women and Change by Professor Marian Baird

  • 1. Women and Change International Women’s Day 2014 Warringah Council Professor Marian Baird marian.baird@sydney.edu.au BUSINESS SCHOOL
  • 2. Male and Female Participation Rates 1978-2013, % ABS Labour Force, Australia, April 2013 Cat. No. 6291.0.55.001
  • 3. Male and Female Employment 1978-2013 (Numbers)
  • 4. ‘M’ CURVE: women’s labour force participation rate by age 1978-2013, % ABS Labour Force, Australia, April 2013 Cat. No. 6291.0.55.001
  • 5. ‘M’ CURVE: women’s full-time employment rates by age, 1978-2013 ABS Labour Force, Australia, April 2013 Cat. No. 6291.0.55.001
  • 6. Inverted ‘U’ CURVE: men’s labour force participation rate by age 19782013, % ABS Labour Force, Australia, April 2013 Cat. No.
  • 7. Maternal employment rates by age of youngest child, 2009 7
  • 8. Maternal employment rates by age of youngest child, 2009 8
  • 9. Gaps › Hours gaps – women work part-time; men work fulltime › Leave gaps – women take more leave from the labour market than men › Security gaps – more women in casual and precarious employment › Career gaps – the labour market is segregated and women are not represented in leadership positions › Pay gaps – women earn 17.5% less than men
  • 10. Ceilings? Women in leadership census Nov 2012 10
  • 12. The Changes › More mothers in the workforce – ‘part-time norm’ › Rise of female breadwinners – ‘rise of wives’ and ‘breadwomen’ › More self-employed women – ‘mumpreneurs’
  • 13. THE MUMPRENEUR Images: Coniville, N. “The Rise of the Mumpreneur”, Body+Soul Mums http://mums.bodyandsoul.com.au/pregnancy+parenting/parenting+tips/the+rise+of+the+mumpren 13
  • 14. The Policy Changes 1. Right to request flexible work arrangements (Fair Work Act, 2009) 2. Right to request extension to unpaid parental leave (Fair Work Act, 2009) 3. Pay equity – equal remuneration principles (Fair Work Act, 2009) 4. Low paid bargaining stream (Fair Work Act, 2009) 5. Paid Parental Leave (Jan 1, 2011) 6. Dad and Partner Pay (Jan 2013) 7. Workplace Gender Equality Act (setting new standards and benchmarks, 2013 – being reviewed now)
  • 15. Change and Continuity - Women are more educated than ever (and than men) - Women are entering the workforce, and staying in it, in greater numbers than ever - Women's experience at work is different to men’s -> hours gaps, career gaps, pay gaps, superannuation gaps - Some policy advances have been made but challenges remain - Women’s experience in the labour market is changing - but this is not reflected at home 15

Notes de l'éditeur

  1. I’d like to begin by acknowledging the Gadigal people of the Eora nation and to pay my respects to their Elders past and present. I would also like to acknowledge and pay my respects to any indigenous people present this morning.    _________________   So, my topic for today is ‘Women, work and Fair work: A Step forward?’’, which is a remarkably similar topic to one I had a group of my students address last year – that is, has Fair work made workplaces fairer for women? (Not so many of them did brilliantly at that, so let’s see how I go). And I have to note that standing on a picket line yesterday ate my homework. So some of what I’m going to present to you today might be characterised as ad lib. I’m sure this audience will understand. __________________   When Adam asked me to speak today he asked me to talk about collective bargaining which is my other area of work, but we agreed it would be remiss to let IWD go by without looking at the position of women at work, which goes to show among other things what enlightened men they are over there at the AMWU. What I’m aiming to do today is to walk you through some of the latest statistics on women and work, to do a bit of an evaluation of where women are today and then possibly have a look at how the Fair Work Act has impacted – or not upon - that . I think the message I have for you is that we’ve got quite a bit of a complicated problem if you like when it comes to looking at where women are in the labour market, so this means we’ve got some pretty complicated things to consider when we get to thinking through solutions. I think one thing that is very clear when we look at the latest data is that while some things have changed remarkably for women in the last generation that there is still considerable work to be done. And probably the people in this room will be doing some of it. Hope fully
  2. Source:
  3. Source:
  4. WGEA: ‘17.5%,  which equates to the average full-time woman earning $266.20 less each week than the average full-time working man ($1252.20 compared to $1518.40, an annual difference of $13,842.40).’ https://www.wgea.gov.au/news-and-media/cost-being-female-64-extra-days-work
  5. We know a little more about the glass ceiling, and there has been a bit of a debate about this in the past 2-3 years, but this is in some senses is a logical consequence of some of the other bits of the architecture I’ve already outlined. The problem here is a serious under representation in senior roles (or as I like to think about it, a serious over representation of men in such roles) ASX 12.3 per cent of directors in the ASX 200, so the top 200 by market capitalization. Doesn’t sound like much but that is up 3.8% from the figure of 8.4% in 2010 3 per cent of chairs of these companies are women 3.5 per cent of CEOs of these organizations are women 9.7 per cent of key executive managers positions 77 ASX 200 companies do not have women on their boards (I find this a little bit shocking, I mean surely some of the guys in these roles must look around and realize something is not quite right) PUBLIC SECTOR performance is a little better. If we look at the APS 57.3% of APS employees were women at June 2012. Women comprised 39.2% of SES ranks (which are 1.8% of overall APS workforce) In politics: Thinking only of the federal parliment, women make up 24.7% of elected positions in the House of Representatives and 38.2% of the Senate (the National party do worst on this, then the libs, then labour, then the Greens) (so men make up 75.3% of Reps members, 62.8%) In the LAW 61.4% of law graduates are female, yet women make up only 16% of judges in the Federal Court of Australia (so men are 84% of federal court judges) In EDUCATION & TRAINING women are 62.6% of employees, 45.1% of managers & 27.8% of CEOs (better than most) Vice-Chancellors: 22% are women SPORT one in five National Sport Organisations have no women directors! UNIONS – have some room for improvement
  6. (See Slide) Plain old fashioned sexism – I can give you lots of examples here – but if we just look at the Gradstats (done by Graduate Careers Australia) and have a look at graduates who are under 25’s first full time salary after university and you will see that in 2012, women’s starting salary was 50,000 (unchanged from 2011) Men's was 55,000 (up from 52,000 in 2011) So 10% higher So even before any work experience or gathering of any social capital, women already significantly behind. ________ And the Australian IR system has not dealt with this problem particularly well. As Justice Mary Gaudren said many years ago, “We got equal pay once, then we got it again and then we got it again and now we still don’t have it.” And that about captures where we have been in relation to pay equity in the late 1960s, the early 1970s. I’ll come back to the ASU’s case at the end when I look at the FWA _______________________________________ Inequality in pay has an impact at the time of payment but also across the life course, and is one reason why women retire with about half the retirement savings of men’s (160,000) – and 160 does not sounds like a lot to me.And is one of the reasons why older women form the majority of poor frail and aged (that and that we live longer)
  7. Need to recognise that there have been some pretty good things happen in recent times – not that we got there without some considerable arguing and fighting...... Finally we have a system of paid parental leave introduced. Among other things this recognises the role women play both in the labour market and outside. And it stops us from being embarrassed internationally. When compared to countries like Uzbekistan. (BTW submissions for the review are anticipated in the next few days so writing submissions which might counter some of the inevitable arguments that employers will make in relation to how far the sky has fallen in could be something useful to do to occupy your time) Fair work introduced right to request flexible working for parents with kids under school age (came into effect on Jan 1 2010). I will admit that I think that the system as it stands is perhaps limited by the fact that there is no appeal mechanism. But more recent moves to extend the right to school aged children are certainly welcome (as we know, kids don’t stop impacting on your career just because they are off parental hands for 30 hours a week in school). Fair work also introduced the capacity of Fair Work Australia to make equal remuneration orders – in the ASU case the Full Bench of the Commission, agreed that the position of the highly feminised workforce in family and community services was affected significantly by gender-based discrimination and made orders which could mean wage increases of between 19 and 40%. Interestingly Fair Work explicitly referred to the caring nature of the work involved in their judgement and linked this to gender (the first time, to my knowledge, that this has happened). But as great a victory as this is, as a mechanism to kill the gender pay gap, it will be limited by the length of time cases take to be heard and then the phasing of wage outcomes. Added to this -variations to single awards are a very very slow way to correct historical undervaluation and underpay. The low paid bargaining stream was seen by some (including me) as having some potential to lift low paid workers wages, among other things. The United Voice’s case though suggested that bargaining history (no matter how close to the award the outcome is) trumps low pay in this stream and this thus limits its useability and impact. Minister butler’s workforce compact announced this week is likely to have a greater impact on that sector than that case could ever have hoped for. Workplace Gender Equality Act was a long time coming and was passed in late November last year. Presents some innovations and perhaps in its reporting requirements might lead to broader and better outcomes (for example it puts pressure on employers to perform better than their industry averages etc.) There are problems with all of these things of course Mat leave is not paid high enough and is not long enough Right to request is essentially a ‘right to ask’, (and a lot of the research suggests employees don’t know about it) Low pay is trumped by bargaining even in a low paid stream (there are limits to a developed system’s capacity to deliver for women) Achieving pay equity through equal remuneration orders will take as long as the ice age (potentially longer) And the gender equality act – essentially with its focus on buying business in might be about as effective as the Affirmative action act was But it is better than nothing - and it better than we fared under Howard. – and better I predict than we would fare under a potential Abbott government. Some self regulation occurring: ASX Significantly, as of 1 January 2011, the ASX Corporate Governance Council has implemented a diversity policy that requires all publically listed companies in Australia to set gender diversity targets. These companies will be required to report on their targets and provide explanations if they are not in place.
  8. Final remark would be that the history of building women’s rights suggests that wer are never as women given anything because government or business seem to come up with a good idea. Gender equality at work is something which has been fought for over many generations We are nowhere near it But we would be a lot further away from it if it were not for organisations like unions. We are all in for a tough time – i fear - in the coming years and I fear that some of the vistories we have womn for working women since 2007 will be stolen from us. But, I look forward to working with you and following your work toward gender equity in the coming years.