The above presentation explains about the topic Congestive heart failure and the causes of CHF, signs and symptoms of CHF and Dietary modification. And the role of antioxidants in treatment and prevention of cardiovascular disease.

1. CONGESTIVE HEART FAILURE
AND
ROLE OF ANTIOXIDANTS IN PREVENTION AND
TREATMENT OF CARDIO VASCULAR DISEASE (CVD)
SUGANESWARAN.S
II MSC FSTN

2. CONGESTIVE HEART FAILURE
Congestive heart failure (CHF) is a
chronic condition that occurs when
the heart is unable to pump blood
efficiently.
2

3. 3
Coronary artery
disease (CAD)
Hypertension
(High bp)
Congenital
heart defects
Heart valve
disease
Cardiomyopathy
(disease of the
heart muscle)
Chronic obstructive
pulmonary disease
(COPD)
CAUSES OF CONGESTIVE HEART FAILURE

4. 4
CAUSES OF CONGESTIVE HEART FAILURE
Lack of physical
activity
Smoking or
Tobacco usage
Less sleeping
hours
Alcohol
consumption

5. 5
Shortness of breath,
particularly during PA
and when lying down
Rapid or irregular
heartbeat
Fatigue and
weakness
Persistent cough
or wheezing
Swelling in the legs,
ankles, and feet
Reduced ability to
exercise
SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS

6. 22.5%
below 30 years
14.9%
above 50 years
6
PREVALENCE RATE

7. DIETARY MODIFICATION
7
• DASH diet- fat-free or low-fat dairy products, fish, poultry.
• Mediterranean diet- whole grains, fruits, vegetables,
beans, nuts and seeds.
• Reducing sodium intake- excess Na in diet causes fluid
retention (less than 2000mg/day).
• Limit Fluid intake- aid accumulation of fluid in the body-
both beverages and foods.
• Managing vitamin and mineral intake- vitamin D (Renin-
Angiotensin activation system (RAAS)-major cardiac
protective action), Ca, K and Mg(increased heart beat
rate)- maintain balanced vitamins and minerals in their
diet.

8. • Fresh fruits and vegetables (
rich in nutrients, fiber, and
antioxidants)
• Whole grains(brown rice,
quinoa, and whole-wheat
bread ) lower cholesterol
levels and improve heart
health.
• Lean proteins( fish, chicken,
turkey, beans, and lentils) low
in saturated fat
FOODS TO BE INCLUDED
8
FOODS TO BE AVOIDED
• Processed foods(contains
high Na).
• High-sodium foods- canned
soups, pickles and processed
meats.
• Saturated and trans fats- fatty
meats, full-fat dairy products,
and fried foods.
• Sugary foods and drinks-
weight gain- candy, soda and
carbonated beverages.

9. 9
ROLE OF ANTIOXIDANTS IN PREVENTION
AND
TREATMENT OF CARDIO VASCULAR DISEASE(CVD)

10. ANTIOXIDANTS VS FREE RADICALS
1 0
• Antioxidants- neutralize harmful molecules- free
radicals.
• Free radicals- highly reactive- can damage cells and
tissues in the body.

11. 11
FREE RADICALS IN
CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM
Oxidants Antioxidants
Primary radicals- Superoxide,
Peroxide, Hydroxy radical
Antioxidant enzymes- Superoxide
dismutase, Catalase and
Gluatathione peroxidase
Secondary radicals- lipid
peroxide and hydroperoxide
Vitamin C (ascorbic acid), vitamin
E( α- tocopherol), lycopene,
quercetin, reserveterol, and beta
carotene.

12. 1 2
PATHWAY

13. 1 3
ANTIOXIDANTS AND ITS
ACTIVITIES
• Vitamin E- improve blood flow- cereals, milk, liver and
vegetable oils
• Vitamin C - Potent electron donor- fruit and vegetables.
• Reserveterol- anti-atherosclerotic activity- scavenger of
hydroxy radical- polyphenolic compound- consumption of
fruits, berries and wine.
• Quercetin- flavonoid compound- anti-inflammatory agent-
reverse LDL cholesterol transport- decrease inflammatory
factors- citrus fruits, apples, onions, parsley, sage, tea,
and red wine.

14. 1 4
REFERENCES
• Eileen L. Watson,,S.J. Enna, David B. B ylund. Congestive Heart Failure: The
Comprehensive Pharmacology 2007,Pages 1-6,ISBN 9780080552323.
https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-008055232-3.60613-0.
• Malik A, Brito D, Vaqar S, et al. Congestive Heart Failure. [Updated 2022 Nov
7]. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2022
Jan.
• NFHS 5, india.
• Poznyak AV, Grechko AV, Orekhova VA, Chegodaev YS, Wu W-K, Orekhov
AN. Oxidative Stress and Antioxidants in Atherosclerosis Development and
Treatment. Biology. 2020; 9(3):60. https://doi.org/10.3390/biology9030060
• Harald Mangge, Kathrin Becker, Dietmar Fuchs, and Johanna M Gostner.
Antioxidants, inflammation and cardiovascular disease. World J Cardiol. 2014
Jun 26; 6(6): 462–477,Published online 2014 Jun 26. doi:
10.4330/wjc.v6.i6.462.