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DEEPWATER HORIZON OIL SPILL
by
SUMAKANTH POLAMURI
Guided by
Asst. Professor M. Venkatesh
Deepwater Horizon Oil Spill, was an industrial disaster that
happened on 20 April 2010, in the ‘Gulf of Mexico’. This oil spill
also referred as “BP Oil Spill”. As it happened on BP (British
Petroleum) Company. The Deepwater Horizon Oil Spill
considered to be the largest environmental disasters in American
history and the second largest oil spill in the history of the
petroleum industry. The Deepwater Horizon was 12 years old
when the disaster took place, and it was semi-submersible,
mobile and floating drilling rig that can operate under 3000
meters deep in the ocean. [1, 2, 3]
Ixtoc 1
June 1979 – March 1980
140 Million Gallons
Deepwater Horizon
April 10, 2010
134 Million Gallons
Atlantic Empress
July 18, 1979
90 Million Gallons
Amoco Cadiz
(France)
March 16, 1978
69 Million Gallons
Fergana Valley
(Uzbekistan)
March 02, 1992
88 Gallons Million
Nowruz Oil Field
(Gulf of Persia)
February 10, 1983
63000 Gallons
Persian War
August 2, 1991
Castillo de Bellver
(Cape Town)
August 06, 1983
110000 Tonnes
Major Oil Spills around the world [4]
Ennore port,
Chennai
28th January, 2017
60 tonnes
Mumbai-urban
pipeline spill
January 21, 2011
55 tonnes
Mumbai oil spill
August 7 – 9 2010
800 tonnes
Oil spills in India [5, 6]
The Explosion
On 20 April 2010, at 1945 pm High pressure of Methane gas
from the well at 3000 meters deep in the ocean has released and the oil
slick began to spread at the former rig site. And it estimated that 800
million liters of oil has released for 87 days. Vast areas of the Gulf of
Mexico were contaminated with oil, including deep-ocean communities
and over 1,600 kilometres of shoreline. Multiple species of pelagic, tidal,
and estuarine organisms; sea turtles; marine mammals; and birds were
affected, and over 20 million hectares of the Gulf of Mexico were closed
to fishing. [7, 8]
• Oil Booms
Booms acts like a fence to prevent the oil
from further spreading or floating away.[9, 10]
• Skimmers
Skimmers are machines specially
designed to suck up the oil from the
water surface like a vacuum cleaner. They
are used to physically separate the oil
from the water to be collected and
processed for re-use. [9, 11]
• Sorbents
Sorbents are materials that soak up liquids by either
absorption pulling in through pores or forming a
layer on the surface. Both these properties make the
process of clean-up much easier. Materials
commonly used as oil sorbents are hay, peat moss,
straw or vermiculite. [9, 12]
CLEANING METHODS
• Hot Water & High Pressure Washing
Dispersal agents, such as Coexist 9500, are
chemicals that are sprayed upon the spill
with the help of aircraft and boats, which
aid to naturally breakdown of oil
components. They allow the oil to
chemically bond with water by increasing
the surface area of each molecule. [9, 13]
• Dispersants
This procedure is mainly used in situations where
the oil is inaccessible to mechanical removal
methods such as using booms and skimmers. It is
used to dislodge the trapped and weathered oil
from locations that are generally inaccessible to
machinery. Water heaters are used to heat water to
around 170°C, then sprayed by hand with high-
pressure wands or nozzles. The oil is thus flushed to
the water surface, which can be collected with
skimmers or sorbents. [9 14]
Bioremediation refers to the use of specific
microorganisms to remove any toxic or
harmful substances. Sometimes, reagents and
fertilizers may be added to the area. These
phosphorus-based and nitrogen-based
fertilizers provide adequate nutrients for the
microbes to grow and multiply quickly. [9, 15]
• Bioremediation
Predication
During the threat of an oil spill, NOAA predicts where the oil might spread. To predict where oil might go, we model how
weather, wind, tides and currents effects of oil movement. But natural variability in wind, weather and water current can change
the trajectory of a spill in way difficult to predict. [16]
Precautions
Trajectory maps are produced using a NOAA data by GNOME (General NOAA Operational Modelling Environmental), which
helps to predict the movement of oil. GNOME can forecast the effects that currents, winds, and other physical processes have
on the movement of oil in the ocean. [17]
MITIGATIONS TECHNIQUES
• Governments and the oil industry must have preparedness plans in place and understand what to do when an oil spill
happens. Equally important is conducting regular spill response training exercises. The quicker and better prepared the
reaction the less the environmental impact. Oil spill response can be tiered so that small spills are handled at a local level,
larger spills are handled on a national level and major spills call on an international response.[18]
• Calculating and proper measurements are needed while drilling in ocean.
• Experienced persons should handle the equipment for proper usage.
R
e
f
e
r
e
n
c
e 1. en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deepwater-Horizon-oil-spill
2. www.epa.gov/enforcement/deepwater-horizon-bp-gulf-mexico-oil-
spill#:~:text=On%20April%2020%2C%202010%2C%20the,of%20marine%20oil%20drilling%20operations.
3. https://www.gettyimages.in/detail/news-photo/the-development-driller-iii-which-is-drilling-the-relief-news-photo/99035935?adppopup=true
4. https://www.britannica.com/list/9-of-the-biggest-oil-spills-in-history
5. https://www.gettyimages.in/detail/news-photo/the-development-driller-iii-which-is-drilling-the-relief-news-photo/99035935?adppopup=true
6. https://blog.ipleaders.in/oil-spill-laws-india
7. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oil_spill
8. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deepwater_Horizon_explosion#/media/File:Deepwater_Horizon_offshore_drilling_unit_on_fire_2010.jpg
9. https://www.marineinsight.com/environment/10-methods-for-oil-spill-cleanup-at-sea/
10. https://response.restoration.noaa.gov/sites/default/files/images/13/boom-around-hatchery-exxon-356.jpg
11. https://i.ytimg.com/vi/bq2HbB5rntk/maxresdefault.jpg
12. https://encrypted-tbn0.gstatic.com/images?q=tbn:ANd9GcSLCOQAvcrUQOTyr__8eZSKG1YV1-pGrr5zNw&usqp=CAU
13. https://www.aylesfernie.co.uk/images/img1.png
14. https://response.restoration.noaa.gov/sites/default/files/images/13/cleanup-workers-high-pressure-hoses-exxon-valdez-oil-spill-trustee-council_356.jpg
15. https://encyclopedia.mdpi.cn/Fh71BLgk44U-u2OQ34df2rYe0Xb4
16. https://oceanservice.noaa.gov/facts/oil-spill
trajectory.html#:~:text=During%20the%20threat%20of%20an%20oil%20spill%2C%20NOAA%20predicts%20where,in%20ways%20difficult%20to%20predict
17. ww.noaa.gov/education/resource-collections/ocean-coasts/oil-spills
18. https://www.unep.org/news-and-stories/story/how-manage-damage-oil-spills
THANK YOU!
@SUMAKANTHPOLAMURI

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Deepwater Horizon Oil Spill.pptx

  • 1. DEEPWATER HORIZON OIL SPILL by SUMAKANTH POLAMURI Guided by Asst. Professor M. Venkatesh
  • 2. Deepwater Horizon Oil Spill, was an industrial disaster that happened on 20 April 2010, in the ‘Gulf of Mexico’. This oil spill also referred as “BP Oil Spill”. As it happened on BP (British Petroleum) Company. The Deepwater Horizon Oil Spill considered to be the largest environmental disasters in American history and the second largest oil spill in the history of the petroleum industry. The Deepwater Horizon was 12 years old when the disaster took place, and it was semi-submersible, mobile and floating drilling rig that can operate under 3000 meters deep in the ocean. [1, 2, 3]
  • 3. Ixtoc 1 June 1979 – March 1980 140 Million Gallons Deepwater Horizon April 10, 2010 134 Million Gallons Atlantic Empress July 18, 1979 90 Million Gallons Amoco Cadiz (France) March 16, 1978 69 Million Gallons Fergana Valley (Uzbekistan) March 02, 1992 88 Gallons Million Nowruz Oil Field (Gulf of Persia) February 10, 1983 63000 Gallons Persian War August 2, 1991 Castillo de Bellver (Cape Town) August 06, 1983 110000 Tonnes Major Oil Spills around the world [4]
  • 4. Ennore port, Chennai 28th January, 2017 60 tonnes Mumbai-urban pipeline spill January 21, 2011 55 tonnes Mumbai oil spill August 7 – 9 2010 800 tonnes Oil spills in India [5, 6]
  • 5. The Explosion On 20 April 2010, at 1945 pm High pressure of Methane gas from the well at 3000 meters deep in the ocean has released and the oil slick began to spread at the former rig site. And it estimated that 800 million liters of oil has released for 87 days. Vast areas of the Gulf of Mexico were contaminated with oil, including deep-ocean communities and over 1,600 kilometres of shoreline. Multiple species of pelagic, tidal, and estuarine organisms; sea turtles; marine mammals; and birds were affected, and over 20 million hectares of the Gulf of Mexico were closed to fishing. [7, 8]
  • 6. • Oil Booms Booms acts like a fence to prevent the oil from further spreading or floating away.[9, 10] • Skimmers Skimmers are machines specially designed to suck up the oil from the water surface like a vacuum cleaner. They are used to physically separate the oil from the water to be collected and processed for re-use. [9, 11] • Sorbents Sorbents are materials that soak up liquids by either absorption pulling in through pores or forming a layer on the surface. Both these properties make the process of clean-up much easier. Materials commonly used as oil sorbents are hay, peat moss, straw or vermiculite. [9, 12] CLEANING METHODS
  • 7. • Hot Water & High Pressure Washing Dispersal agents, such as Coexist 9500, are chemicals that are sprayed upon the spill with the help of aircraft and boats, which aid to naturally breakdown of oil components. They allow the oil to chemically bond with water by increasing the surface area of each molecule. [9, 13] • Dispersants This procedure is mainly used in situations where the oil is inaccessible to mechanical removal methods such as using booms and skimmers. It is used to dislodge the trapped and weathered oil from locations that are generally inaccessible to machinery. Water heaters are used to heat water to around 170°C, then sprayed by hand with high- pressure wands or nozzles. The oil is thus flushed to the water surface, which can be collected with skimmers or sorbents. [9 14] Bioremediation refers to the use of specific microorganisms to remove any toxic or harmful substances. Sometimes, reagents and fertilizers may be added to the area. These phosphorus-based and nitrogen-based fertilizers provide adequate nutrients for the microbes to grow and multiply quickly. [9, 15] • Bioremediation
  • 8. Predication During the threat of an oil spill, NOAA predicts where the oil might spread. To predict where oil might go, we model how weather, wind, tides and currents effects of oil movement. But natural variability in wind, weather and water current can change the trajectory of a spill in way difficult to predict. [16] Precautions Trajectory maps are produced using a NOAA data by GNOME (General NOAA Operational Modelling Environmental), which helps to predict the movement of oil. GNOME can forecast the effects that currents, winds, and other physical processes have on the movement of oil in the ocean. [17]
  • 9. MITIGATIONS TECHNIQUES • Governments and the oil industry must have preparedness plans in place and understand what to do when an oil spill happens. Equally important is conducting regular spill response training exercises. The quicker and better prepared the reaction the less the environmental impact. Oil spill response can be tiered so that small spills are handled at a local level, larger spills are handled on a national level and major spills call on an international response.[18] • Calculating and proper measurements are needed while drilling in ocean. • Experienced persons should handle the equipment for proper usage.
  • 10. R e f e r e n c e 1. en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deepwater-Horizon-oil-spill 2. www.epa.gov/enforcement/deepwater-horizon-bp-gulf-mexico-oil- spill#:~:text=On%20April%2020%2C%202010%2C%20the,of%20marine%20oil%20drilling%20operations. 3. https://www.gettyimages.in/detail/news-photo/the-development-driller-iii-which-is-drilling-the-relief-news-photo/99035935?adppopup=true 4. https://www.britannica.com/list/9-of-the-biggest-oil-spills-in-history 5. https://www.gettyimages.in/detail/news-photo/the-development-driller-iii-which-is-drilling-the-relief-news-photo/99035935?adppopup=true 6. https://blog.ipleaders.in/oil-spill-laws-india 7. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oil_spill 8. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deepwater_Horizon_explosion#/media/File:Deepwater_Horizon_offshore_drilling_unit_on_fire_2010.jpg 9. https://www.marineinsight.com/environment/10-methods-for-oil-spill-cleanup-at-sea/ 10. https://response.restoration.noaa.gov/sites/default/files/images/13/boom-around-hatchery-exxon-356.jpg 11. https://i.ytimg.com/vi/bq2HbB5rntk/maxresdefault.jpg 12. https://encrypted-tbn0.gstatic.com/images?q=tbn:ANd9GcSLCOQAvcrUQOTyr__8eZSKG1YV1-pGrr5zNw&usqp=CAU 13. https://www.aylesfernie.co.uk/images/img1.png 14. https://response.restoration.noaa.gov/sites/default/files/images/13/cleanup-workers-high-pressure-hoses-exxon-valdez-oil-spill-trustee-council_356.jpg 15. https://encyclopedia.mdpi.cn/Fh71BLgk44U-u2OQ34df2rYe0Xb4 16. https://oceanservice.noaa.gov/facts/oil-spill trajectory.html#:~:text=During%20the%20threat%20of%20an%20oil%20spill%2C%20NOAA%20predicts%20where,in%20ways%20difficult%20to%20predict 17. ww.noaa.gov/education/resource-collections/ocean-coasts/oil-spills 18. https://www.unep.org/news-and-stories/story/how-manage-damage-oil-spills