Low cost housing is needed to address issues like growing populations, rising land and construction costs, and to provide affordable options for low-income groups. Materials selection is key to reducing costs, prioritizing locally available, low embodied energy, and recyclable materials. Techniques like using waste materials in blocks, prefabricated panels, and composite materials can significantly reduce costs compared to conventional construction. Glass fiber reinforced gypsum panels is one promising system that reduces costs, speeds up construction, and still provides structural integrity for multi-story buildings. While low-cost techniques address affordability, proper design and limitations are still required.
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Low cost housing
1. LOW COST HOUSING
Cost Effective Eco-friendly Technology for Needy People
Prepared By – Suman Nandi
Roll- 13101101024
4th Year, B.Tech
Department of Civil Engineering
Jalpaiguri Government Engineering College
Under The Guidance of – Dr. Arghadeep Biswas
2. Flow of Presentation :
• Introduction
• Why Low Cost Housing Is Required ?
• Areas from Where Cost Can Be Reduced
• The Cost Factor !
• Selection of Materials
• Materials for Low Cost Housing
• Composites As Low Cost Building Materials
• Laurie Baker’s Improvements
• Glass Fiber Reinforced Gypsum Panel (GFRG) Building System
• Limitations of Use
• Conclusion
• References
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3. Introduction :
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• Use of low cost building materials for construction of low cost housing increases the access to
buildings by low income group peoples.
• Low cost housing can be achieved by use of efficient planning and project management, low cost
materials, economical construction technologies and use of alternate construction methods
available.
4. Why Low Cost Housing Is Required ?
• Growing population day by day,
• Increasing cost of land,
• Rising threshold cost of construction,
• Affordable housing for BPL people,
• Easy to build,
• Fulfills the needs of conventional houses,
• We need a solution that is fast, safe and economical too,
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5. Areas from Where Cost Can Be Reduced :
• Reduce plinth area.
• Use locally available material
• Use energy efficient materials which consumes less energy
• Use environmentally friendly materials
• Pre-plan every component of a house and rationalize the design procedure for reducing the size
of the component in the building.
• By planning each and every component of a house the wastage of materials can be avoided.
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6. The Cost Factor !
The building construction cost can be divided into two parts namely:
• Building material cost : 65 to 70 %
• Labour cost : 25 to 35 %
• In low cost housing, building material cost is less because –
• the use of the locally available materials.
• Selection of waste and recyclable materials and with an improved design.
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• There is huge misconception that low cost housing is suitable for only sub standard
works and they are constructed by utilizing cheap building materials of low quality.
7. Selection of Materials :
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Material
Selection
Criteria
Low
Embodied
Energy
Pollution
Preventing
Non
Toxic
Recyclable
Locally
Available
8. Selection of Materials :
8
Material
Selection
Criteria
Low
Embodied
Energy
Pollution
Preventing
Non
Toxic
Recyclable
Locally
Available
9. Selection of Materials :
9
Material
Selection
Criteria
Low
Embodied
Energy
Pollution
Preventing
Non
Toxic
Recyclable
Locally
Available
10. Selection of Materials :
10
Material
Selection
Criteria
Low
Embodied
Energy
Pollution
Preventing
Non
Toxic
Recyclable
Locally
Available
11. Selection of Materials :
11
Material
Selection
Criteria
Low
Embodied
Energy
Pollution
Preventing
Non
Toxic
Recyclable
Locally
Available
12. Selection of Materials :
12
Material
Selection
Criteria
Low
Embodied
Energy
Pollution
Preventing
Non
Toxic
Recyclable
Locally
Available
13. Materials for Low Cost Housing :
1.Cement-Waste Slag Brick – The main feature of this is that a lot of waste slag
can be recycled and either natural curing or steam curing for bricks can be
adopted.
2.Lightweight Concrete Block Panel – This panel is used for walling system of
steel reinforced concrete. Main features are-
• These panels are easy to install
• As these panels are prefabricated, these can be installed rapidly
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14. Materials for Low Cost Housing :
3.Hooking Panel – This panel can be used for wall of low-rise and high-rise
buildings. Main features are –
• The wall is assembled by concrete hooking panel and steel hook,
• The house built with hooking panel is earthquake-proof and fireproof,
• Low-cost: RS-2400/m2 building area
4.Soil cement block technology – It is an alternative method of construction of
walls using soil cement blocks in place of burnt bricks masonry.
• This masonry doesn’t require plastering on both sides of the wall.
• The overall economy that could be achieved with the soil cement technology is
about 15 to 20% compared to conventional method of construction.
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.
15. Materials for Low Cost Housing :
5.Tata Blue Scope Steel – The Steel Building is easy to build. It helps to reduce
cost by-
• Reducing foundation cost due to lighter superstructure,
• Reduced cranage cost,
• Less labour requirement,
• Fast construction time, etc.
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16. Composites As Low Cost Building Materials :
• Jute fiber reinforced polypropylene composites,
• Coir fiber reinforced composites,
• Sisal fiber and wollastonite-jute pultruded composites,
• MDF composite containing coir fiber, cashew nut shell liquid
(CNSL) as natural resin and Paraformaldehyde as major constituents.
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• Pultrusion is most cost effective method for producing composite profiles. It is
commercially applicable for light weight corrosion free structures, electrical non
conductive systems etc.
18. Glass Fiber Reinforced Gypsum Panel (GFRG)
Building System :
• Glass fiber Reinforced Gypsum Panel = calcined gypsum + reinforced glass fibers.
• Gypsum is a waste by product of the fertilizer industry
• The panel was originally developed by GFRG Building System,
• Previously this panels were used as load bearing wall only but Prof. Devdas
Menon and Prof. A. Meher Prasad from IIT Madras improved these panels and
they used these panels as horizontal slab.
• This method of construction is not only less expensive(cost 2/3rd), but also less
time consuming,
• Waterproofing is an essential requirement of the construction at different stages.
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19. Glass Fiber Reinforced Gypsum Panel (GFRG)
Building System :
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Foundation Construction
Placement of Roof Panels
Construction of second storey
Support for Vertical Wall
21. Advantages of GFRG Panel Over Conventional
Building :
• Less built-up area for the same carpet area.
• High speed of construction is achieved as panels are prefabricated.
• Significant reduction in use of cement, sand, steel and water
• Lower cost of structure: savings in materials, no plastering.
• Lower building weight (panel weight= 43 kg/m2),
• Buildings up to 8-10 storeys can be designed using this load-bearing system, without the
need for beams and columns and even earthquake resistant.
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22. Limitations of Use :
• The shorter span of slab (floor / roof) should be restricted to 5 m.
• It is ideal if the same floor / roof is replicated for all floors in multi storeyed structure. For any
variations, structural designer needs to be consulted.
• Curved walls or domes should be avoided. In case it is essential, use masonry /concrete for that
particular area.
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23. Conclusion :
It is now possible to build Speedy and Low Cost Housing for Rural without making any compromises
with the strengths or materials being used. All the above stated techniques and methods also help
in saving energy.
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Low cost construction is a concept which is generalized and based on
three factors which are structural design, method of budgeting & cost
cutting and materials used. So, all these three factors must be
optimized for low cost construction.
Good morning, I’m Suman Nandi
In this seminar, I am going to present about Low cost housing, it is all about , a Cost Effective Eco-friendly Technology for Needy People
Low cost housing, the name signifies that the cost is a bit lower than existing methods. And this can be achieved by……
These methods are developed mainly keeping in mind, environmental stability, increasing rate of population and affordability of low income group people.
Our country aims that in our near future each and every individual has his/her shelter for his family and to fulfill this need we definitely need some immediate plans.
by using thinner wall concept,
2. in an innovative form like soil cement blocks in place of burnt brick.
3. concrete block in place of burnt brick.
4. which are substitute for conventional building components like use R.C.C. Door and window frames in place of wooden frames.
(Last)The fact is that Low cost housing is done by proper management of resources.
Embodied energy is the energy consumed by all of the processes associated with the production of a building
The total energy required to produce a material is called embodied energy. The greater a material’s embodied energy; it requires a greater usage of non-renewable sources. It is therefore advantageous to use materials or composite materials prepared from the wastages.
the plastics waste can be used for recycling and producing newer materials. The scrap from steel can be used to manufacture the rcc bars, binding covers and other miscellaneous steel products in building construction.
Embodied energy is the energy consumed by all of the processes associated with the production of a building
1. Raw materials required are waste slag (80%), Aggregate and Bonding agent (20%).
2. The raw materials used are fly ash, glass fiber or steel wire, aggregate (sand, stone, blast-furnace slag, pearlite, pumice, and other slags).
3. Raw materials required are cement, sand, waste slag, glass fiber (for non-bearing wall) or steel wire (bearing wall).
4. It is an energy efficient method of construction where soil mixed with 5% and above cement and pressed in hand operated machine and cured well and then used in the masonry.
(BEFORE PULTRUSION)
The owner highly benefits by the application of composite building materials in construction due to their application because of their light weight, resistance to corrosion and availability in different colours.
MDF= Medium Density fiberboard Composites
Wollastonite is an industrial mineral comprised chemically of calcium, silicon and oxygen. Its molecular formula is CaSiO3 and its theoretical composition consists of 48.28% CaO and 51.72% SiO2.
as the 'GFRG demo building' was constructed by the IIT team in just a month and is even ecofriendly
as the thickness of panel is less.
3. and recycling of industrial waste- gypsum so less embodied energy and less CO2 producd.
4. contributing to savings in foundation and reduction in design for earthquake forces, particularly in multi-storeyed construction.
