Information science in library science

1. lwpuk% ifjHkk"kk] çdkj] çÑfr ,oa mi;ksx
(Information : Definition, Kinds, Nature and Use)
ikB&lajpuk
(Lesson Structure)
1.0 mís'; (Objectives)
1.1 çLrkouk
(Introduction)
1.2 lwpuk dh ifjHkk"kk
(Definition of Information)
1.3 lwpuk ds çdkj(Types of Information)
1.4 lwpuk dh çÑfr(Nature of Information)
1.5 lwpuk dk vuqç;ksx
(Use of Information)
1.6 lkjka'k
(Summary-up)
1.7 ekWMy ç'u
(Model Questions)
1.8 lanHkZ lwph
(References)
1.0 mís'; (Objective)
blbdkbZds vè;;uds i'pkrvkidkslwpukdhifjHkk"kk]izdkj]izÑfr,oami;ksxdhtkudk
fey ldrh gS A
çLrqr ikB esa gekjk mís”; vkt ds lkekftd ,oa “kS{kf.kd ifjçs{; esa lwpuk ds ckjs esa
tkudkjh vftZr djuk gSA blds fy, ge loZçFke dqN çeq[k fo"ks’kKksa ds }kjk nh x;h lwpuk dh
ifjHkk’kkvksa ij çdk'k MkysaxsA rr~i”pkr lwpuk ds fofHkUu çdkjksa ij ppkZ djsaxsA lkFk gh lwpuk
dh çÑfr dks le>us gsrq ge dqN fcUnqvksa dks çLrqr djsaxsA vUr esa ge vkt ds lkekftd] 'kS{kf.kd
,oa O;kikfjd ifjn`”; esa lwpuk ds fofHkUu mi;ksxksa ij çdk'k MkysaxsA
orZeku ifjn`'; esa lwpuk dk egRo thou ds lHkh igyqvksa ij lekUk :i ls vifjgk;Z gSA
,slh fLFkfr esa ;g vko”;d gks tkrk gS fd ge lwpuk dks u dsoy lgh rjg ls le>us dk ç;kl
djsa cfYd mlds mfpr ,oa i;kZIr mi;ksx dks lqfuf”pr djus ds fy, blls tqM+s gq, leLr rF;ksa
ls voxr gksaA ,slk djus ls ge lwpuk ds mfpr ç;ksx dks çksRlkfgr dj ldsaxsA
bdkbZ&
1
( 1 )

2. lwpuk% ifjHkk"kk] çdkj] çÑfr ,oa mi;ksx
( 2 )
1.1 ifjp; (Introduction)
,d iqLrdky; ,oa lwpuk O;olk;h vius mi;ksxdrkZ dks lwpuk çsf’kr djus gsrq iw.kZr%
çfrc) gksrk gSA ;g çfrc)rk mlds fy, fdlh Hkh ewy fl)kUr ls vf/kd egRoiw.kZ gSA lwpuk
ewyr% fofHkUu çdkj ds vlarr vkdM+ksa dks O;ofLFkr :i ls ,dtqV djus ds ckn çkIRk Lo:i gSA
;g Lo:i lkekU;r% vius mi;ksxdrkZ dks ,d fu’d’kZ çnku djrk gSA fofHkUu çdkj ds lwpuk
lzksrksa ,oa muds laxzgksa esa miyC/k leLr lwpukvksa dh vko”;drk lHkh vFkok fdlh ,d
mi;ksxdrkZ dks ugha gksrh] cfYd mi;ksxdrkZ viuh vko”;drkvksa ds vuqlkj bfPNr lwpuk dks
fpfUgr djrk gS vkSj fQj bu lzksrksa vFkok laxzgksa ls mls çkIRk djus dk ç;kl djrk gSA lwpuk ds
mi;ksx ,oa mi;ksxdrkZ dh larqf’V nksuksa ds fy, ;g vko”;d gS fd mi;ksxdrkZ lwpuk ls lacfUèkr
fofHkUu rF;ksa dks tkus] le>s ,oa viuh vko”;drkvksa ds vuqlkj lwpuk dks fpfUgr dj ldsA
lekt ls tqM+s gq, fofHkUu {ks=ksa esa dHkh u dHkh ,oa fdlh u fdlh Lo:i esa lwpuk dk ç;ksx
fd;k tkrk gSA orZeku esa ekuo thou dk dksbZ Hkh ,slk {ks= ugha gS] tks lwpuk ls vNwrk gks vFkok
mls lwpuk dh vko”;drk u gksA okLro esa bu lHkh {ks=ksa dh lQyrk ewyr% loksZfpr lwpuk dh
miyC/krk ,oa ç;ksx ij fuHkZj djrh gSA bu fofHkUu {ks=ksa ds lUnHkZ esa lwpuk dk loksZÙke mi;ksx
lqfu”pr djus gsrq mi;ksxdrkZ dks bfPNr lwpuk ls lacfU/kr fofHkUu ckjhfd;ksa dks le>uk
vfuok;Z gSA mi;ksxdrkZ }kjk ladfyr dh x;h lwpuk Hkfo’; ds fu.kZ;ksa dk vk/kkj çLrqr djrh gSA
vr% lwpuk dk xq.koÙkkiwoZd ladyu ,oa çfØ;kdj.k gksus ls fuf”prrkSj ij ifj.kke Hkh xq.koÙkk
ÁkIr gksaxsA
1.2 lwpuk dh ifjHkk’kk (Definition of Information)
fdlh vfHk’V O;fDr ds }kjk vko”;d lans”k dks çkIr djuk vkSj mldks le>uk gh lwpuk
gSA ;|fi lwpuk dh bl rjg dh O;k[;k vklku çrhr gksrh gS] fQj Hkh fofHkUUk O;fDr;ksa ds }kjk
lwpuk dh çÑfr dks le>us gsrq fd;s x;s v/;;u ,oa “kks/k ls ;g Li’V gS fd gekjs le{k fofHkUu
yksxksa ds dbZ er mifLFkr gSa ,oa lwpuk dh dksbZ loZekU; ifjHkk’kk ugha gSA fdlh Hkh “kCn dh ifjHkk’kk
mlds xq.kkRed vkSj ifjek.kkRed O;ogkj ds vk/kkj ij r; dh tkrh gSA lwpuk ekuo cqf) dk ,d
vn`”; mRikn gS] ftls u rks ns[kk tk ldrk gS vkSj u gh eglwl fd;k tk ldrk gSA lwpuk dks
dsoy vfHkO;Dr fd;k tk ldrk gSA fo}kuksa esa bldh ifjHkk’kk dks ysdj oSpkfjd erHksn gSaA vr%
blds fdlh ,d i{k ds vk/kkj ij bls ikfjHkkf’kr djuk mfpr ugha gksxkA vr% loZlEefr ds vHkko
esa orZeku esa çpfyr ifjHkk’kkvksa dk mYys[k djuk gh mfpr gksxkA orZeku esa lwpuk dks ikfjHkkf’kr
djus gsrq fofHkUu lkr vk/kkj vFkok mikxe fpfUgr fd;s tk ldrs gSa] tks fd fuEufyf[kr gSa&
1-2-1 ifjp;kRed vFkok lkadsfrd mikxe (Communicatory or Semiotic Approach)
;g mikxe lwpuk ds ,d LFkku ls nwljs LFkku rd lapkfjd Hkwfedk dks n'kkZrk gSA blds
}kjk gesa ;g irk pyrk gS fd fdlh lzksr ls çkIrdrkZ rd lwpuk dk LFkkukUrj.k gksus ls çkIrdrkZ

3. lwpuk% ifjHkk"kk] çdkj] çÑfr ,oa mi;ksx
( 3 )
dh fLFkfr ij D;k çHkko iM+rk gSA bl er ds çeq[k leFkZd eSMsu] csVlu] cqzdl] eSDdYi] ukSVk
vkSj ywlh gSaA
eSMsu ds vuqlkj “Information is stimulus which expands or amends the world view of
the information”.
czqDl us lwpuk vkSj Kku ds lEcU/kksa d¨ çnf”kZr djus ds fy, ,d vk/kkjHkwr lehdj.k dks
çLrqr fd;k gSA muds vuqlkj fnekx esa lwpuk dk ços”k mlds Kku dh lajpuk dks ifjofrZr dj
nsrk gSA xf.krh; :i ls bls fuEu çdkj ls çnf”kZr fd;k tk ldrk gS&
K[S] +  I = K [S +S]
tgkW] K[S] = orZeku Kku lajpuk
K[S + S] = ifjofrZr lwpuk lajpuk
I = u;k lwpuk
S = miyC/k Kku esa ifjorZu dk çHkko
fÝV~l eS[kyi ds vuqlkj ßlwpuk ladsrksa ds ,sls çokg ds :i esa gS ftlesa mls O;Dr djus
dh çfØ;k lekfgr gSAÞ
;ksfoV~l ds vuqlkj ßlwpuk fu.kZ; fu/kkZj.k gsrq mi;ksxh ewY;ijd MsVk gSAß
jkmyh ds vuqlkj ßlwpuk ,d ,slk MsVk gS tks O;fDr;ksa ds chp LFkkukarfjr gksrk gS rFkk
çR;sd O;fDr mls vius vuqlkj ç;ksx dj ldrk gSAß
ukSVk ds vuqlkj “Information is the meaning that is common to all the different ways of
expressing the meaning.”
ywlh ds vuqlkj “Information is produced by all processes and it is the
values in the characteristics of the process.”
1-2-2 xfrfof/k vk/kkfjr mikxe (Activity based Approach)
bl mikxe ds çeq[k leFkZd çSV gSa] tks lwpuk dks ,d ?kVuk ds :i esa ekurs gSa ,oa muds
vuqlkj fdlh O;fDr fo”ks’k gsrq mi;¨xh lwpuk LFkku ,oa Lke; vk/kkfjr gksrh gSA
1-2-3 çLrkfor mikxe (Propositional Approach)
bl er ds vuqlkj lwpuk dk ,d&,d Hkkx feydj lEiw.kZ dk fuekZ.k djrk gSA blds çeq[k
leFkZd Msj] MsªLVLd vkSj QkWDl bR;kfn gSaA MsªLVLd lwpuk Lo;a Kku ds mRiknu esa leFkZ gS rFkk
D;¨afd Kku dks lR; dh vko”;drk gksrh gS] lwpuk ds fy;s Hkh bldh vko”;drk gksrh gSA

4. lwpuk% ifjHkk"kk] çdkj] çÑfr ,oa mi;ksx
( 4 )
1-2-4 lajpukRed mikxe (Structural Approach)
FkkEilu ds vuqlkj ßlwpuk ,d mRikn gS tks fd vuqHko dh vifjiDo lkexzh ds laxBu
dh çfØ;k ds ç;ksx dk ifj.kke gksrk gSAÞ mlds vuqlkj fo}kukas ds fy, MsVk mlh çdkj ls
egRoiw.kZ gS] ftl çdkj isUVj ds fy, mldh jax ifV~VdkA
1-2-5 Lkekftd mikxe (Social Approach)
d¨usZfy;l ds vuqlkj lwpuk O;ogkfjd thou esa lkekftd :i ls lajpukRed gksuh pkfg,d
vH;kl ,d rjg ls dk;kZsa vkSj fo”oklksa dh ,d J‘a[kyk gS] ftldk ge nwljs yksxksa ds lkFk
ikyu djrs gSa vkSj ftldk viuk vkUrfjd rdZ vkSj uSfrdrk gksrh gSA
1-2-6 cgqçdkjh; lwpuk mikxe (Multitype Information Approach)
MfoZu ds vuqlkj ,slh lwpuk ,d okg~; lalkj ds Lo:i esa gS ftls ge çkIr djrs gSaA ogha
og lwpuk vkUrfjd lalkj ds Lo:i esa gS tks igys ls gekjs ikl gSA lgh rjg ls lwpuk bu nksuksa
gh çdkjksa ds e/; lkeatL; gSA cSV~l ds vuqlkj lwpuk fdlh laxBu ds fofHkUu çdkj ds inkFkksZa
,oa ÅtkZvksa ds çfr:iksa dk ,d çdkj gSA
1-2-7 fo[k.Muh; mikxe (Deconstructing Approach)
ÝksãSu us lwpuk ds dsUnzh; fcUnq dks LFkkukarfjr dj mls lwpuk v/;;u ,oa foKku v/;;u
dh vksj dsfUnzr fd;kA tks eq[; :i ls çys[kksa rd lhfer FkkA
1.3 lwpuk ds çdkj (Types of Information)
foxr o’kksZ esa lwpuk ds {ks= esa vk;h tkx`fr ds dkj.k lwpuk ij rhoz xfr ls v/;;u vkSj
“kks/k ds dk;Z lEikfnr gq, gSaA çxfr”khy u;s fopkjksa ds dkj.k yksxksa esa lwpuk ds çfr vk/kqfudrk
dh Hkkouk vk;h gSA lwpuk dh ifjHkk’kk dks ysdj fofHkUu fo}kuksa esa erHksn jgs gSaA ftlds dkj.k
lwpuk ds fofHkUu çdkjksa dks Hkh loZekU; :i ls fpfUgr djuk ,d dfBu dk;Z gSA
1-3-1 th0 HkV~Vkpk;kZ&th0 HkV~Vkpk;kZ ds vuqlkj lwpuk dh fo”ks’krkvksa ds vk/kkj ij
lwpuk ds nks çdkjksa dk mYys[k fd;k gS&
 vlEc) lwpuk (Discursive Information)
 xSj&vlEc) lwpuk (Non-discursive Information)
1-3-1-1 vlEc) lwpuk (Discursive information)
;g ,d ,slk lUns”k gS tks fd O;ofLFkr fopkjksa ds rRoksa ;k blds LohÑr LFkkukiUu dks
çdV djrk gSA bl çdkj dh lwpuk ds O;ogkj@vfHkO;fDr ls lac) fofHkUu fo”ks’krk,¡
fuEufyf[kr gSa&
 ;g ,d foLr`r {ks= rd QSyk gqvk gSA

5. lwpuk% ifjHkk"kk] çdkj] çÑfr ,oa mi;ksx
( 5 )
 ;g çlax&nj&çlax rkfdZd ,oa lqlaxr :i ls vkxs c<+rk gSA
 ;g rkfdZd vewrZrk ls rkfdZd O;k[;k dh vksj c<+rk gSA
mnkgj.k ds Lo:i esa lwpuk foKku dks ikfjHkkf’kr djrs gq, iw.kZ fopkjksa dks çdV djuk ,d
vlEc) lwpuk gSA
1-3-1-2 xSj&vlEc) lwpuk (Non-discursive Information)
ogha ,d O;ofLFkr fopkj tc fdlh O;k[;ku dk vk/kkj ys ysrk gS rFkk ,slh lwpuk rF;ksa
ls ifjiw.kZ ,oa vlEc) lwpuk ds fdlh y{k.k ds fcuk çdV dh x;h g¨ r¨ ogh lwpuk xSj vlEc)
lwpuk gSA mnkgj.k ds r©j ij ;fn dksbZ O;fDr fdlh nwljs O;fDr ls iwNrk gS fd rqEgkjk ^/keZ D;k
gS^] rks mRrj feyrk gS fd ^eSa fgUnw ;k eqfLye gw¡^ A blesa rF; gS rFkk vlEc) lwpuk dk dksbZ
y{k.k ugha gSA vr% ;g ,d xSj vlEc) lwpuk gSA
xSj & vlEc) lwpuk iqu% nks Hkkxksa esa foHkkftr gksrk gSA
&xq.kkRed lwpuk (Qualitative Information)
&la[;kRed lwpuk (Quantitative Information)
1-3-2 ts0 ,p0 “ksjk
ts0 ,p0 “ksjk us viuh iqLrd ‘Foundation of Education for Librarianship’ esa lwpuk dks
fuEufyf[kr N% çdkjksa esa foHkkftr fd;k gS&
1-3-2-1 oSpkfjd lwpuk (Conceptual Information)
oSpkfjd lwpuk fdlh Hkh leL;k ds lek/kku ds ckjs esa Li’V fopkj ;k lksp dh ekufld
èkkj.kk dk fuekZ.k djrh gSA
1-3-2-2 vuqHkfod lwpuk (Empirical Information)
tks lwpuk fl)kUrksa dh vis{kk vuqHko ds }kjk mRiUu ;k ekxZnf”kZr ;k ç;ksx ,oa voyksdu
ls gksrh gS] vuqHkkfod lwpuk dgykrh gSA ;g lwpuk ç;ksx ;k vuqHko ds }kjk gh çekf.kr gksrh gSA
1-3-2-3 dk;Zfof/kd lwpuk (Procedural Information)
dk;Z djus dh ,d LFkkfir fof/k ;k dk;Z ds Lrj dh çxfr ds fy, miyC/k djkbZ tkus okyh
lwpuk dk;Zfof/kd lwpuk ds uke ls tkuh tkrh gSA
1-3-2-4 mRrstd lwpuk (Stimulatory Information)
,d O;fDr] ljdkjh ikVhZ] O;olk; bR;kfn ds }kjk çnku dh tkus okyh lqfo/kkv®a ,oa
vko';d ;ksX;rkv®a ls lEcfU/kr lwpuk,sa] t¨ fdlh ;kstuk ;k ,d fuf'pr dk;Zfof/k ds fy,
lg;¨x çnku djrh gaSA ;g fu.kZ; fuekZ.k ds fy, ,d vko”;d midj.k gSA

6. lwpuk% ifjHkk"kk] çdkj] çÑfr ,oa mi;ksx
( 6 )
1-3-2-5 funs'kkRed lwpuk (Directive Information)
funs”kkRed lwpuk;sa os lwpuk;sa gaS t¨ fdlh lkewfgd dk;Zfof/k vFkok lewfgd dk;¨Za ds n©jku
mfpr ,oa i;kZIr leUo; ds fy, çekf.kd funsZ”ku gsrq lg;¨x dk dk;Z djrh gSaA
1-3-3 ok,V (Voight)&ok,V us Hkh lwpuk dks pkj çdkjkssa esa foHkkftr fd;k gS tks
fuEufyf[kr gS&
1-3-3-1 orZeku lwpuk (Current Information)
bl çdkj dh lwpuk fdlh dk;Z dh okLrfod çxfr ;k “kh/kz orZeku ds le; ls tqMh
g¨rh gSA
1-3-3-2 nSfuR; lwpuk (Everyday Information)
bl çdkj dh lwpuk jkstejkZ dh ?kVukv¨a dks 'kkfey djrh gSA
1-3-3-3 ftKklq lwpuk (Catching up Information)
bl çdkj dh lwpuk dks cqf) ds lkFk le>uk iMrk gSA blesa lwpuk dks O;kxzrk ls /kkj.k
dj Loa; dks vk/kqfud gksus dh ço‘fRr gksrh gSA
1-3-3-4 lqfoLr`r lwpuk (Exhaustive Information)
;g fdlh fo’k; ;k fcUnq ij foLr‘r ;k O;kid lwpuk miyC/k djkrh gSA
1.4 lwpuk dh çÑfr (Nature of Information)
lwpuk ds ;Fkksfpr mi;ksx gsrq ,d mi;ksxdrkZ ds fy, ;g vko”;d gS fd og lwpuk dh
çÑfr dks le>s ,oa vko”drk iM+us ij bfPNr lwpuk dks vklkuh ls le> ldsA
lwpuk dh çÑfr ls lEc) fofHkUu rF; fuEufyf[kr gSa&
 lwpuk ifjfLFkfr ds vuqlkj NksVs NksVss VqdMksa esa cny tkrh gSA vFkkZr~ lwpuk
ifjfLFkfrtU; gksrh gSA
 lwpuk fdlh laxBu ds fu;e fu/kkZj.k esa vko”;d gksrh gSA
 lwpuk dk vknku&çnku] foLrkj vkSj laf{kIr fd;k tk ldrk gSA
 lwpuk lkef;d vkSj {kf.kd gksrh gSA
 lwpuk dks ifjek.kkRed #i ls çnf”kZr ugha fd;k tk ldrkA
 lwpuk dks çnf”kZr djus fd fy, lajpuk ;k ifjn`”; dh vko”;drk gksrh gSA
 lwpuk dh egRrk ,d O;fDr ls nwljs O;fDr ds fy, fHkUu gksrh gSA
 lwpuk ,d yksdrkaf=d lz¨sr gSA
 lwpuk Kku dk ,d Hkkx gSSA

7. lwpuk% ifjHkk"kk] çdkj] çÑfr ,oa mi;ksx
( 7 )
 lwpuk ds ekiu ds fy, fo”ks’k ekid dh vko”;drk gksrh gSA ftl çdkj fd
lkfgfR;d pksjh dks jksdus ds fy, dkihjkbV ;k vkj ih vkjA
 lwpuk le; ds lkFk ifjofrZr gksrh jgrh gSA
 lwpuk lkoZHkkSfed gSA
 lwpuk dk mi;ksx vUrfoZ’k;d gksrk gSA
 lwpuk fotkrh; (heterogeneous) gSA
jkFklky ds vuqlkj lwpuk dh çÑfr dks mlds pkj ?kVd fcUnqvksa ds vk/kkj ij le>k tk
ldrk gS&
&inkFkZ (Commodity)
;g Kku vkSj lEçs’k.k ds vuqHko] tUe] fo’k; oLrq vkfn dks çnf”kZr djrk gSA mnkgj.k
Lo#i& dqN dk;Zdze ,oa dqN lkalkfjd dFku vkfn A
&IkzØe (Process)
;g Kku vkSj lEçs’k.k ds ewy rFkk lajpukRed i{k dh vksj ladsr djrk gSA lwpuk fdlh
dFku dks çLrqr djus dk gh ,d IkzØe gSA mnkgj.k Lo#i tkfrxr lajpukA
&tkudkj g¨us dk dFku (Statement of Knowing)
bl rjg dh lwpuk fdlh Hkh O;fDr ds vius ls lEc˜ leLr tkudkjh g¨us dh fLFkfr d¨
Li"V djrh gSA
&okrkoj.k ;k ifjfLFkfrdh (Environment)
okrkoj.k ls vfHkçk; ra= ds vUrxZr ekuo&e”khu ,oa ekuo&ekuo ra= vkfn ds funsZ”ku ,oa
fu;a=.k ls gSA ftlesa MkVk&lwpuk dk LFkkukUrj.k gksrk gSA
1.5 lwpuk dk vuqç;ksx (Use of Information)
orZeku esa ekuo thou dk ,slk dksbZ Hkh i{k ugha gS ftls lwpuk ds fcuk fu;af=r ,oa
lEikfnr fd;k tk ldsA lekt esa fdlh Hkh dk;Z vFkok fØ;k dks iw.kZ djus esa lwpuk ,d egRoiw.kZ
rRo ds :i esa mi;ksx esa yk;h tkrh gSA nwljs “kCnksa esa ;g dgk tk ldrk gS fd lwpuk ds fcuk
fdlh Hkh dk;Z dks lQyrkiwoZd lEikfnr ugha fd;k tk ldrkA lwpuk ds mi;ksx ds dqN çeq[k
{ks= fuEufyf[kr gSa&
1- foKku ,oa rduhdh esa midj.k ds #i esaA
2- O;olkf;d ysu&nsu ds fu;e fu/kkZj.k esaA
3- Lkkekftd fodkl esaA
4- foi.ku ds çpkj esa A

8. lwpuk% ifjHkk"kk] çdkj] çÑfr ,oa mi;ksx
( 8 )
5- foRrh; O;oLFkkiu esaaA
6- çf”k{k.k esaA
7- mRikn vkSj lsokvksa gsrq çpkj ds midj.k ds #i esaA
8- lwpuk ekax dh iwfrZ esaA
9- rduhdh LFkkukUrj.k esaA
10- m|ksxksa esa lwpuk dk vuqç;ksx fuEufyf[kr rjhdksa ls gksrk gS %&
&mRikn dh igpku esaA
&cktkj vkSj foi.ku esaA
&rduhdh ds fuekZ.k esaA
&;a= ,oa midj.k esaA
&Ekkudhdj.k esaA
&Ik'kklu ,oa çca/ku esaA
&fu;kstu esaA
1.6 lkjka'k (Summing-Up)
çLrqr ikB esa geus lwpuk ds ckjs esa foLrkj ls v/;;u fd;kA bldh fofHkUu ifjHkk’kkvksa ,oa
fo)kuksa ds }kjk çLrqr fd;s x;s fofHkUu erksa ij çdk”k MkykA lwpuk ds fofHkUu çdkjksa ij foLrkj
ls ppkZ dhA lwpuk ds loksZfpr mi;ksx gsrq lwpuk dh çÑfr dks le>us dk ç;kl fd;kA vUr esa
geus thou ds mu fofHkUu {ks=ksa dks lwphc) djus dk ç;kl fd;k tgk¡ lwpuk ,d vifjgk;Z ,oa
egRoiw.kZ rRo ds :i esa ç;ksx esa yk;h tkrh gSA
tSlk fd Li’V gS fd lwpuk ds fcuk vkt fdlh Hkh dk;Z vFkok fØ;kfof/k dks lEikfnr
djuk vlEHko dk;Z gS] lwpuk ds egRo dks le>us ds i”pkr~ ge lHkh ds fy, ;g vko”;d gS
fd ge lwpuk ls tqM+s gq, mu lHkh fcUnqvksa ij u dsoy v/;;u djsa cfYd bruk Kku vftZr djas
fd ge vius mís”; dh iwfrZ gsrq mi;qZDr lwpuk dks fpfUgr] ,df=r ,oa laxzfgr dj ldsa rFkk
bl vftZr lwpuk ls mís”; dh iwfrZ gsrq lgh mi;ksx Hkh lqfuf”pr dj ldsaA
1.7 ekWMy ç'u (Model Questions)
1- fofHkUu fo)kuksa dk er çLrqr djrs gq, lwpuk dks ikfjHkkf’kr dhft,A
While expressing the statements of various experts, define Information.
2- lwpuk ds ç;ksx ds fofHkUu {ks=ksa dks çLrqr dhft,A
Present various areas of Information usage.

9. lwpuk% ifjHkk"kk] çdkj] çÑfr ,oa mi;ksx
( 9 )
3- lwpuk dh çÑfr ij laf{kIr fVIi.kh fyf[k,A
Write a short note on nature of Information.
4- lwpuk ds fofHkUu çdkjksa dh O;k[;k dhft,A
Explain various types of Information.
5- vlac) ,oa xSj vlac) lwpuk ds e/; vUrZLi"V dhft,A
Differentiate Discursive and Non-discursive Information.
1.8 lUnHkZ lwph (Reference)
1. Singh (AP) and Yuvaraj (M). Information: Communication and Society. New
Delhi, Ess Ess, 2013.
2. Prasher (RG). Information and its Communication. New Delhi, Medallion Press,
1991.
3. Brookes (BC). Foundation of Information Science. J. Inf. Sci. Vol 2, Nos 3-4,
1980, pp. 125-33 & 209-21 & 269-75.
4. Machulp (F) and Mansfield (U). Study of Information, Inter-disciplinary
messages. New York, Wiley, 1983.
5. Rubin (RE). Foundations of Library and Information Science. New York, Neal-
Schuman, 2004.
6. Rowley (JE) and Turner (CMD). Dissemination of Information. London,Andra,
1976.
7. Chizm (RM). The Theory of Knowledge. New Delhi, Prentics-Hall, 1977.
8. Sharma (PSK). Universe of Knowledge and Research Methodology. Delhi, Ken
publications, 1990.
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