1. Plagiarism
Citation

2. Plagiarism is worse in the
electronic world because of….
Information overload
Ease of cutting and pasting chunks from
the internet
Unreliable quantity of information on
internet
Difficulty in summarising and synthesising
large quantities of information

3. Plagiarism is….
Using the words or ideas of others and
presenting them as your own.
It can range from deliberate cheating to
accidentally copying from a source without
acknowledgement.

4. Common forms of plagiarism
Downloading an essay from an online
source and submitting it as your own work
Some cheat sites are……
A-1 Term Papers, Cheater.com, Free Essay
Network, The Evil House of Cheat,
Researchpaper.com, School Sucks, Term-
Papers.us and The Paper Store

5. Common forms (con’t)
Buying, stealing or borrowing an
assignment and submitting it as own work
Copying parts of books or articles and
submitting as own work’
Copying, cutting and pasting text from
electronic sources and submitting as own
work
Using the words of someone else and
presenting them as own work

6. How can we prevent plagiarism?
The following are good sites to understand what is
plagiarism
Avoiding plagiarism
http://www.lc.unsw.edu.au/onlib/plag.html
(this one has a quiz)
Plagiarism: what it is and how to recognize and avoid it
http://www.indiana.edu/~wts/pamphlets/plagiarism.shtml

7. To avoid plagiarism you need to…..
Make notes in point form
Cite paraphrases and quotes correctly
Create bibliographies according to
accepted formats. More of this later….

8. Plagiarism may be suspected if there is….
Turnitin says so
Unusual formatting or it does not match what is
required
Signs of website printout page numbers or dates,
unusual use of upper/lower case and
capitalization
Use of advanced vocabulary, sentence structure
or jargon
Bibliography: ? incorrect citation style used
Unique phrases are located using large search
engines like Google
The essay is found by browsing websites
providing readymade papers

9. So remember to…..
Make notes in point form
Put in quotations everything that comes directly from the text
Paraphrase, but do not just replace or rearrange a few words (remember
to cite)
You do not need to document common knowledge. These are facts that
are found in many places and known by many people eg. Melbourne is
the capital of Victoria. A rule of thumb is that if you do not need to look
something up, it is common knowledge.
Do your bibliography and make sure that it is linked to citations within
your essay
TIP: do not leave doing your bibliography until the last minute – record
as you go, especially if you are using internet sites

10. Citation = reference list = bibliography +
what the examiners said……
The general report from the extended
essays made the following comment
“Information from secondary sources and
primary sources needs to follow a
standard bibliographic format and be cited
correctly. Candidates should avoid
creating strings of footnotes giving page
references to the same text whose full
details are repeated on every occasion”.
(IBO 2011)

11. Citation styles
Author/date v’s footnote
What is the difference?

12. Author date
Formerly known as Harvard
In its place use Chicago
Others are: APA and MLA
2 step process

13. An example looks like this…..
In body of essay:
• ….“Students need to take note of the
examiner’s report”(Cox and Wilson 2012)
* can include page nos. if you want to be specific
Bibliography at end of essay:
Cox, C. and J. Wilson. 2012. Surviving the IB.
Melbourne: Penguin.
Alphabetical listing of references by primary
author’s surname regardless of type: book,
website etc.

14. Notational or documentary note
styles
• Examples include: Footnote (which covers
Oxford and Cambridge)
• Vancouver
• 3 step process
• Very popular when writing literature and
history essays

15. An example looks like this……
In body of essay:
•“…. Students need to take note of the examiner’s report”. ¹
At the bottom of the same page:
•1. Cate Cox and Jan Wilson. Surviving the IB.(Melbourne:
Penguin, 2012), 23.
Bibliography at the end of essay:
•Cox, Cate and Jan Wilson. Surviving the IB. Melbourne:
Penguin, 2012.
•Alphabetical listing of references by primary author’s
surname regardless of type: book, website etc.

16. Best websites
Murdoch University has a very comprehensive
website to do with referencing
• http://library.murdoch.edu.au/Getting-
help/Referencing/
• Monash University is also very good
• http://lib.monash.edu/tutorials/citing/
• Select the style you want and follow the
examples
• I will give you handouts

17. Other sources
R 808.027 STY: Style manual for authors,
editors and printers – Australian
government publication
Bibme http://www.bibme.org/ : free online
citation maker * only does the reference
list at the end of the essay

18. ….a word about Word 2010
Word 2010 has the capacity to create a
bibliography list for you under the
References tab.
BUT : this works for author date styles but
not so well for ‘footnote styles”.

19. A tip to make your life easier
Record bibliographic details as you go. As soon
as you use some information from a source,
record all the details then.
It is MUCH MUCH easier to write your
bibliography if you do this.
You can always delete references to the material
you did not end up using.
We cannot help you much if you leave doing this
stuff to the last minute 

20. References
Avoiding plagiarism, viewed 26 April 2009,
http://www.lc.unsw.edu.au/onlib/plag.html
Citation machine, viewed 26 April 2009,
http://citationmachine.net/
Examples of cheat sites, viewed 26 April 2009,
http://www.newfoundations.com/Cheatsite.html
Plagiarism: what it is and how to recognise and avoid it, viewed
26 April 2009,
http://www.indiana.edu/~wts/pamphlets/plagiarism.shtml
Syba signs 2003, Plagiarism for teachers (ppt)