Approaches of Educational Technology-Hardware, Software and Systems approaches

Suresh Babu G
Approaches in Educational Technology
Suresh Babu G
Assistant Professor

Suresh Babu G
Approaches in Education Technology
Hardware Approach
Software Approach
System Approach

Suresh Babu G
Hardware Approach
• The mechanization of
teaching process is termed
as the Hardware Approach.
• Based on physical science
and applied engineering field
approach.
• The new mechanism of
teaching-learning with
improved technology as its
basis.

Suresh Babu G
• A result of hardware technology =
the development of electro-
mechanical equipments for
instructional purpose.
• Eg. Microphones for making
teachers voice fully audible to the
learners.
• Radio, TV, tape recorder, projector,
closed circuit television (CCTV),
teaching machines, and computers
are used for teaching the students.
• Silverman (1968) called this type of
educational technology as ‘Relative
Technology’
Hardware Approach

Suresh Babu G
• Suggesting innumerable new ways of doing
thinks to the class-room teachers.
• The job and the duties of the teacher are likely to
have multifaceted changes as they Re to deal
with many new gadgets for teaching and
learning now and in the future.
Hardware Approach

Suresh Babu G
Software Approach
• Software Approach is concerned
with teaching objectives in
behavioural terms, principles of
teaching, methods of teaching,
reinforcement of instructional
system, feedback, reviews and
evaluation.
• In software approach, the basis of all
thinking and working is behavioral
science and psychology of learning.
• Software approach uses the
principles of psychology for the
purpose of behavior modification.

Suresh Babu G
• A teacher with added knowledge of
software approach can use the films,
flash cards, tapes etc, for various
purposes.
• A teacher can plan better teaching
which results into better learning.
• This view of educational technology is
closely associated with the modern
principles of programmed learning
and is characterized by task analysis,
writing precise objectives, selection of
appropriate learning strategies,
reinforcement of correct response
and constant education (Davis, 1971)
Software Approach

Suresh Babu G
• Silverman (1968) termed Software approach in
educational technology as constructive
educational technology
• Both software and hardware approaches are so
interlinked that they cannot be separated from
each other. One without the other is in complete.
It is software approach which makes the
hardware approach function well.
Software Approach

Suresh Babu G
HARDWARE & SOFTWARE TECHNOLOGIES
Hardware Technology
• It has its origin in physical
sciences and applied
engineering.
• It is concerned with the
production and utilization
of audio visual aid
material and
sophisticated instruments
and mass media for
helping teacher and
learners in their task.
Software Technology
• It has its origin in
behavioural sciences and
their applied aspects
concerning psychology of
learning
• It is concerned with the
production and utilization of
software techniques and
materials in terms of
learning material, teaching-
learning strategies and
other devices for
smoothening the task of
teaching learning.

Suresh Babu G
Hardware Technology
• It tries to adopt product-
oriented approach
• It is based on the concept
of service meaning
• Example radio, television,
tape recorder, video,
slides and film projectors,
teaching machines and
computer etc.
Software Technology
• It tries to adopt a process-
oriented technique or
approach
• Software technology does
not provide direct services
• Example programmed
learning material teaching
learning strategy on
psychology of learning (put
into practice in the shape of
charts, pictures, models,
slides filmstrips, audio and
video cassettes, software
packages etc.)
HARDWARE & SOFTWARE TECHNOLOGIES

Suresh Babu G
System Approach
• System is a set of connected things or parts
forming a complex whole, in particular. Eg
digestive system.
• The system approach involved setting goals and
objectives, analyzing resources, devising a plan
of action and continuous evaluation/modification
of the program (Saettler 1990)
• It acts as a link between hardware and software
approach.

Suresh Babu G
• It is a modern approach in education
administration and organization
• Also Known as Management Technology
• It has brought to educational management a
scientific approach for solving educational
administrative problems.
• Education is regard as a system and system
approach is a systematic way of designing an
effective and economical educational system
System Approach

Suresh Babu G
Target Students
Human resources
Technical resources
Financial resources
Information
Teaching – Learning
Process
Students whose
performance or ideas
have improved in
specific areas
INPUT THE SYSTEM OUTPUT
System Approach

Approaches of Educational Technology-Hardware, Software and Systems approaches

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