The document discusses poverty in India, defining it as inadequate access to food, shelter, health, education, and vulnerability. It outlines that poverty has many dimensions including income, security, education, and health. It provides the daily calorie requirements used to define the urban and rural poverty lines. It compares urban and rural poverty, noting that rural poverty is often due to agricultural failures while urban poverty can be exacerbated by rural migration. The document also discusses where most of India's poor population lives and common causes of poverty such as low agricultural productivity, corruption, and unequal income distribution. It provides population and poverty statistics for India and proposes solutions like boosting agriculture and motivating youth involvement to alleviate poverty.
2. Definition
Planning Commission
Poverty Line- based
on Nutritional
Requirement
Urban Poverty- 2100 cal/person/ day
Rural Poverty- 2400 cal/ person/ day
Poverty is multidimensional: it includes inadequate
food, shelter, health, education; vulnerability to
disease, dislocation, disaster; and often mistreatment by state and
society
Poverty has various dimensions
Education poor
Income poverty
Security poverty
Education poverty
Health Poor
Health Poverty
Core Poor
Multiple deprivation
Security Poor
Income Poor
3. Comparison of Urban and Rural Poverty
Urban Poverty
• 25% of Urban
Population are
below poverty
Line
• This is prevalent
during all the
time
• Major reason for
other social
Problem
Rural Poverty
Here poverty is not due
to external reasons but
to the failure of the
Agriculture
It is raise it head only
during particular
season
This only contribute
for the Urban Poverty
by Migration of Rural
population to cities
with poor facility.
4. Glimpse
People in poorest class category of India? –
Tribal people, Dalits and labour class including
farm workers in villages and casual workers in
cities
Where do the majority of poor live in India? –
60% of the poor still reside in the states of
Bihar, Jharkhand, Odisha, Madhya
Pradesh, Chhattisgarh, Uttar Pradesh and
Uttarakhand.
A 2013 UN
report stated
that a third of
the worlds
poorest people
live in India
5. Causes for Poverty
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Increasing middle class population
Low Productivity in Agriculture
National Capital Depletion
Poor Schemes to stop migration of Rural population to urban
Alcoholism
Poor Sanitation conditions
Land lockedness of particular area
Money lenders – Termite of the rural economy
Need for women Empowerment
Unequal
Distribution
Corruption
of Income
Rich are getting richer and poor are still
poor
6. Population, total (2010)
1,170,938,000.0
Population growth (annual %)
(2010)
1.3
Population density (people per sq.
km) (2010)
393.8
Rural population (2010)
818,485,662.0
Rural population (% of total
population) (2010)
69.9
Number of rural poor (million,
approximate) (2010)
Poverty headcount ratio at rural
poverty line (% of rural
population) (2005)
Poverty headcount ratio at
national poverty line (% of
population) (2005)
Income share held by lowest
20% (2005)
231,631,442.3
28.3
27.5
8.1
7.
8. Stop Migration
A large part of migration and urbanization in the less developed countries
have historically been linked to stagnation and volatility of agriculture and
lack of sectoral diversification within agrarian economy, India being no
exception to this
• Out of about 98 million, total intra-state and inter-state migrants in the country
during last decade, 61 million have moved to rural areas and 36 million to urban
areas.
• Migration stream out of rural areas(73 million) to another rural areas was quite
high (53million) in comparison to from rural to urban areas (20 million).
• The difference between in – migration and out – migration, in each
state, Maharashtra -2.3 million net migrants,
• Delhi (1.7 million), Gujarat (0.68 million) and Haryana (0.67 million) as per
census‟.
Education
is Important to not only
mitigate poverty But Also
MIGRATION
9. At 833.1 million, India's rural
population today is 90.6
million higher than it was a
decade ago. But the urban
population is 91 million
higher than it was in 2001.
Above said Solution :
Agriculture is not a single man‟s effect but a group
So when main categories migration of Labour
• There are threethere is increased of urban poverty: the this will lead to
reduction in Agriculture and its alliedmigrants; and, the chronic poor
• unemployed and laid-off workers; activities.
including the three
Mainly deals about the Food Security of India, there by reducing the
• „No‟s‟ (no ability to work, no savings and no relatives to depend on)
Food Poverty of India.
(DFID,Security act does the same thing but this will be effective only
Food 2004).
when the
Total Migrants -1991
Total Migrants -2001
Comparison Table
Persons
Males
Females
Persons
Males
Females
232.11
167.8
314.54
93.36
221.18
“Farmers grow crops, 64.31
For which 129.66 Labour should 166.53
Farm 210.38
be
Rural Million
162.47
32.81
43.85
sccv Million
there49.52 Help”
to
Urban
69.65
31.5
38.14
104.16
54.65
Total Million
10. Motivate Agriculture
•
Agricultural growth
reduces poverty directly, by raising
farm incomes, and indirectly, through
generating employment and reducing
food prices.
Ligon, Ethan, and Elisabeth Sadoulet.
2007.
Agricultural growth is especially effective in reducing poverty. Cross-country
econometric estimates show that overall GDP growth originating in
agriculture is, on average, at least twice as effective in benefiting the poorest
half of a country‟s population as growth generated in non-agricultural sectors
Source: State Agricultural Report
11. • In Today‟s Climate change Era – Agricultural is the gamble of
Above said Solution :
monsoon. - It was the statement decade ago
Mainly deals about the Food cultivation is donethere by reducing the
• Now, Commercial Tree Security of India, along with agricultural
Foodcrop to make agriculture as profitable business.
Poverty of India.
• Food Security act does the same thing but this willroleeffective only
TOF – Benefit both Productive and Protective be
when the
“Farmers grow crops,
For which Farmers should be there”
TOFThis is widely practiced in
southern India
Trees
Outside
Forest
12. Involvement of Youth
• Above said are only answers for the problem But real solution lies
in the hand of youth
• The are about 53 Agricultural University in the Country- The
where are the agriculturist from these university.
• The Youth of the rural areas must not get distracted by the false
notion of the Urban Live
Apart from this Citizens of
INDIA should effectively utilize
the Following governmental
program and help the country to
get out of Poverty
13. Steps to Solve from GOVT side
Urban Areas
• PMRY- Prime Minister
Rojgar Yojana
• SJSRY- Swarnajaya Shahri
Rozgar Yojana
• NSAP- National Social
Assistance Programme
• IAY- Indira Awaas Yojana
• SSY- Shiksha Sahayog
Yojana
Rural Area
• GSY- Gram Swarozgar
Yojana
• EAS- Employment
Assurance Schemes
• MNREGS
• FWP- Food for Work
Programme
• KSSY- Krishi Shramik
Suraksha yojana
• JGSY- Jawahar Gram
Samriddhi Yojana
14. Steps to Solve from GOVT side
• These include various employment guarantee programmes such as
National Rural Employment Programme, Rural Landless
Employment Guarantee Programme etc. Recently, Government
has initiated National Rural Employment Guarantee Program
(NREGP). As per NREGP, the government will provide 100 days
of employment per year to whosoever is willing to work. NREGP
is considered as a landmark program in poverty alleviation
measures.
Even Government
Schemes also aims
at providing
minimum
employment to lift
Food Poverty.
15. References:
• Urban Poverty Alleviation, (2002) “Preparation for Istanbul+5 for
Asia and the Pacific”, 19 – 23 October, Paper, Hangzhou, People‟s
Republic of China,
• CARE, MSDF and ICICI bank, “A promise to Pay the Bearer – an
exploration of the potential for Urban Micro finance in
India”, Microfinance India Publicaiton.
• http://www.ruralpovertyportal.org/country/home/tags/india
• http://censusindia.gov.in/Census_And_You/migrations.aspx
• http://urbanruralfabric.blogspot.in/
• http://databank.worldbank.org/data/views/reports/map.aspx
