2. Online Social Networks
• Online social networks (OSNs) are formed with individuals or
organizations over the Internet.
• These individual or organizational entities are related, connected, or
associated special interests or social relationships.
• In a social network, nodes represent the individuals, and the ties
between the nodes represent the relationships such as friendship,
kinship, and colleagueship.
• OSN services are built to reflect the social relationships among people.
• Social networking services are a communication tool among people
3. OSN Services
An OSN offers special social or professional services through Internet access and web
services.
• Personal page or profiles for each user linked by social connections
• Establish connection by becoming friends
• Social graph traversal along specific social links or networks
• Communication tools to privately /publicly send message to registered users
• Ability to share music, photos, and videos with friends or professional groups
• Customized software tools can be used in OSN services
• Strong customer loyalty and fast membership growth are seen
• Provider revenue from embedded advertisement and access to premium content
4. Online Social Networking Statistics
• Many Social
networking tools and
websites are available
like facebook, twitter,
instagram, pinterest,
snapchat.
• According PC
magazine Statistics,
Facebook has largest
number of registered
users
5. Graph-Theoretic Analysis of Social Networks
• The nodes in a social graph correspond to the users or actors
and the graph edges or links refer to the ties or relationships
among the nodes.
Graph representation of Social network
6. Social graph properties
• The node degree is the number of ties of a node to other actors in the
graph.
• The reach is defined as the degree any member of a network can reach
other members of the network.
• Path length measures the distance between pairs of nodes in the
network.
• Average path length is the average of these distances between all
pairs of nodes.
• Betweenness reveals the extent to which a node lies between other
nodes in the network. The measure reflects the number of people with
whom a person is connecting indirectly through his direct links.
7. Social graph properties
• Closeness is the degree to which an individual is near all other
individuals in a network (directly or indirectly). It reflects the
ability to access information through network members.
• Cohesion is the degree to which actors are connected directly to
one another by cohesive bonds.
• Nodes inside the circle form an isolated cluster or social circle.
Clustering coefficient is the likelihood that two associates of a
node are associates themselves.
8. OSN Applications
Application Domain OSN websites
Business LinkedIn connects professionals (www.linkedin.com) and Hub Culture connects
entrepreneurs (www.hubculture.com)
Education Education topics can be researched online (www.ning.com)
Government The U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention demonstrated the importance of
vaccinations on www.whyville.net, a popular children’s site. The National Oceanic and
Atmospheric Administration has a virtual island on http://secondlife.com, where
people can explore underground caves or explore the effects of global warming.
Medical and health
care
www.patientslikeme.com offers its members the chance to connect with others dealing
with similar issues and research patient data related to their condition.
www.sobercircle.com, which has joined forces with www.onerecovery.com, gives
people in recovery the ability to communicate with one another and strengthen their
recovery.
Making friends www.facebook.com
10. Applications of cloud computing
1. Clouds for HPC/HTC and Ubiquitous Computing
• Ubiquitous cloud computing refers to the use of Internet resources at any place and any time for any objectives
1.1 Large-Scale Private Clouds at NASA and CERN
• In 2010, two large-scale private clouds were under construction in the United States and European
Union. It demonstrate the scalable growth of cloud computing platforms.
• The U.S. cloud, called Nebula, is developed by NASA and is designed for NASA scientists
to run climate models on remote systems provided by NASA. This can save thousands of NASA
users from acquiring supercomputers at their local sites. Furthermore, it enables NASA to build the
complex weather models around its data centers, which is more cost-effective.
• Nebula enhances NASA’s ability to collaborate with external scientists and researchers by providing high-speed data
connections and consistent tool sets and open data APIs used by commercial cloud providers.
• Built from the ground up around principles of transparency, Nebula is also an open source project
11. Applications of cloud computing
• The EU cloud is built by CERN in Geneva. This is a large private
cloud for distributing data, applications, and computing resources
to thousands of scientists around the world. CERN deals with large
data sets and throughput with a global workforce and a finite
budget.
• CERN believes the cloud project will allow it to deliver increased
computing performance and offer better infrastructure services to
its 10,000 researchers from
85 countries.
12. Applications of cloud computing
2. Cloud Mashups for scalability and agility
• In web application development, a mashup is a web page or
application that combines data, presentations,or functionality
from two or more sources to create a new service.
• E.g the resource pool can be employed for both paralleland
distributed computing as demonstrated by the Amazon EC2 and
S3 services.
On the other hand, Google’s App Engine (GAE) is primarily
driven by web-based service offerings for storage of files,e-
mailing, and messaging, among others.
13. Applications of cloud computing
• GAE & AWS mashup
• The mashup design leverages Google’s web agility with the scaling power of AWS EC2.
• This mashup helps a user to write agile software on GAE and use the user inputs to perform parallel computing
operations on AWS
• The mashup provider is crucial to link the two cloud platforms together
