This PPT prepared by Teacher Educator from Thiagarajar College of Preceptors Madurai for B.Ed Trainees.

1. Unit -5
Policies and programmes
of inclusive education
Mrs.R.Kohila Devi
Asst. Prof. in Education
Thiagarajar College of Preceptors
Madurai -9

2. International guidelines of inclusive
education
• UN- Continuously recommended inclusive
education
• UNESCO (1970) –United National Educational
Scientific and Cultural Organization
• Special Education – inclusive education –
Integrated education or segregated education
– for developing countries
• UN – 1981 Year for disabled person

3. • According to UN - “Education should as far as
possible, be provided within the ordinary
system, without any discrimination against
handicapped children or adults”

4. Tallinn Guidelines for Action
• Guidelines of actions of Human Resources
Development in the field of disability
• Early childhood intervention and of inclusive
education at all levels
• Vocational training
• Importance of providing instructional
materials in various format.
• Appointing special education teachers

5. • Establishing resources room with specialized
personnel and materials
• Establishing special education rooks in regular
schools
• Appointing interpreters – proficiency in sign
language and lip reading to help deaf students

6. Jomtien Conference 1990
• Delegates – 155 countries
• 150 Govt and non Govt organisations representatives
• World conference on Education for All (5-9th March
1990)
• To make primary education accessible to all children
• Massively reduce illiteracy
• World declaration on Education for All – education as a
fundamental human right
• Effort to address the basic learning needs of all
• Frame work for action to meet the basic learning needs
-2000.

7. • Goals
• Universal access to learning
• A focus on equity
• Emphasis on learning outcomes
• Broadening the means and scope of basic
education
• Enhancing the environment for learning
• Strengthening partnership by 2000

8. Salamanca World Conference on
Special Needs Education 1994
• June 1994 – 92 govt and 25 international organisations
formed the World Conference on Special Needs
Education, Held in salamanca, Spain.
• Right to education to every individual
• Universal Declaration of Human Rights 1948
• 1990 World Conference on Education for All
• To ensure that right for all regardless of individual
differences
• To move educational policy and practices in a more
inclusive direction.

9. Frame work of Action
• Ordinary school should accommodate all
children (physical, intellectual, social,
emotional, linguistic etc.,)
• All policies should specify that disabled
children attend the neighborhood school
• Inclusion norms – Education for All – in regular
education system

10. • Fundamental Rights
• Unique characters
• Education system should be designed- fullfill
diverse needs
• Access regular schools
• Frame highest policy and budgetary priority to
improve their educational system – individual
differences or difficulties
• Adopt principles of inclusive education – enrolling
all children in regular schools

11. • Develop demonstration projects and encourage
exchanges with countries having experiences with
inclusive schools
• Decentralised – planning, monitoring and evaluating
educational provision for special childrens
• Encourage participation of parents, communities and
organisation of persons with disabilities in planning
and decision making process.
• Early identification and invention strategies
• Vocational training and education
• Ensure teacher education programmes – pre-service
and in - service