Think Grain Think Feed February 2021

RNI No.: HARENG/2014/61357
www.thinkgrainthinkfeed.co.in
Monthly Magazine for Feed Technology
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Postal No. PKL-212/2021-2023
Volume 7 | Issue 4
February-2021

Publisher & Editor
Prachi Arora
prachi.a@benisonmedia.com
EDITORIAL COMMITTEE
Managing Editor
Dr. T.K. Walli
Former Head,
Dairy Cattle Nutrition, NDRI
ith the announcement of union budget for
the financial year 2021-2022, the livestock
Windustry is given new hopes. To provide
adequate credit to farmers, the government has
enhanced the agriculture credit target from Rs 15 lakh
crore in 2020-21 to Rs 16.5 lakh crore in 2021-22 with a
focus on ensuring increased credit flows to animal
husbandry, dairy, and fisheries.
Though the animal husbandry budget is reduced from Rs
3289 crore to Rs 3102 in 2021-22. Whereas the fund
allocation for the department of fisheries has been
improved from Rs 825 crore to Rs 1221 crore. The finance
minister announced five fishing harbors – Kochi, Chennai,
Vishakhapatnam, Paradip, and Petuaghat to be
developed. Along with the establishment of a seaweed
park in Tamil Nadu.
Government has also enhanced the allocation to the
Rural Infrastructure Development Fund from 30,000 to
40,000 crore rupees.
Well, looking to this budget, it looks quite a rosy picture
for further development of Animal Husbandry, Dairying
and Fisheries. The allocation of large amount of funds for
development as well as the credit flow to the farmer is
definitely a welcome step.
This issue brings interesting insights from industry
stalwarts on Alternative Proteins in form of articles and
interview. Also, the vision of the new chairman for CLFMA
of India is covered. Last but not least is the Indian Feed
Survey conducted with leading feed players of the
country to share their perspectives about the industry.
We hope you enjoy the coverage.
Prachi Arora
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A new ray of hope for the
Indian livestock sector
Dr. Dinesh T. Bhosale
Former Chairman, CLFMA of India
Dr. S.P. Vinil
Poultry Expert
Mr. Amit Sachdev
Indian Representative, US Grain Council
Dr. P.E. Vijay Anand
US Soybean Export Council
Dr. Suhas Amrutkar
Subject Matter Specialist, Animal Nutrition,
MAFSU, Parbhani
Dr. SN Mohanty
Former Principal Scientist, CIFA
Dr. Meeta Punjabi Mehta
Agricultural Economist
Raghavan Sampath Kumar
Commodity Expert
Dr. Swamy Haladi
Feed Additive Expert
Dr. R Gnana Sekar
Lead Consultant, GS Dairy Farm Consulting
Dr. Suraj Amrutkar
Assistant Professor, Dept. of ILFC,
SKUAST-J, Jammu
EDITORIAL
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Ashwani Verma
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Prachi Arora |
Vollume 1 | Issue 10 | August 2015
Think Grain Think Feed is a monthly magazine published by BENISON Media at its office in Karnal. Editorial
policy is independent. Views expressed by authors are not necessarily those held by the editors. The
data/information provided in the magazine is sourced through various sources and the publisher considers
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R&D
05
COVER STORY
Think Grain Think Feed - Volume 7 | Issue 4 | Feb 2021
Monthly Magazine for Feed Technology
ARTICLE
INDUSTRY NEWS
12
MARKET PROJECTION
New Study Shows How
Microalgae Could be Crucial
to Circular Economy
06
11
08
Vision of New CLFMA Chairman
Scope of Insect Meal
Sri Lanka government allocate land
for local Maize cultivation
15
Another collaboration of Novus to
become a leader in gut health solutions
16
Meat & Bone Meal – An alternative
feed ingredient
Different Protein
Alternatives in India
22
20
INDUSTRY SURVEY
18 Indian Feed Survey
by Think Grain Think Feed
India not to permit vaccination
against avian influenza
Appreciating the Potential of Moringa
Oleifera in Poultry Industry
1% growth in global feed
production in 2020
30
26 Pushing the envelope
with Phytase - Potentiated Phytase

05
R&D
New Swansea University
research has revealed
microalgae could play a
crucial role in successfully
reusing food and farm waste
on an industrial scale.
Microalgae are microscopic
photosynthetic cells found
naturally in the oceans and
lakes. But in a new article,
the University-based ALG-AD
research group explains how
unwanted nutrients from
food waste can be used to
grow algae. The algae
convert the nutrients into
protein which can in turn be
fed to farm animals as a
replacement to less
sustainable soya protein.
A key aim of the ALG-AD
project, led by the College of
Science, is to investigate this
circular economy process
which sees nutrients being
used to generate another
resource of value – creating
wealth from waste.
“Implementation of circular
approaches in industry, by
minimising waste and
optimising reuse of
resources, is of critical
environmental importance,”
said Dr Claudio Fuentes-
Grünewald, lead author of
the paper.
“Microalgal cultures are
particularly adept at waste
remediation and are also
incredibly versatile in how
the biomass produced can
be processed and applied,”
he added.
The article, published in
prestigious journal
Bioresource Technology,
goes into detail about how
the researchers have
demonstrated a novel way in
which microalgae can grow
and remediate organic waste.
So far, the ability of
microalgae to solve
environmental issues has
only been demonstrated on
a relatively small scale.
Microalgae can grow and
produce biomass in different
ways depending on
conditions and ALG-AD has
successfully demonstrated a
combination of two different
growth modes on an
industrial scale at its UK pilot
facility at Langage AD,
Plymouth, England.
The team now aims to
process the algal biomass for
animal feed and other
products of value.
Analysis of this biomass has
revealed it is higher in
protein than the
commercially cultivated
equivalent, and the algae
also show interesting
increases in carotenoids,
molecules known for their
health-boosting properties.
Currently, microalgal
biotechnology is still
evolving, but is increasing in
global prevalence, with
applications in industrial
fields ranging from
pharmaceuticals and
cosmetics to feeds and
biostimulants.
Source: swansea
New Study Shows How
Microalgae Could be Crucial
to Circular Economy

06
INDUSTRY NEWS
Sri Lanka will lease 2,750
acres of underutilised land to
potential investors for a
period of one year to
produce 250,000 metric tons
of maize that will be used in
the production of Thriposha
and other animal foods, the
Government Department of
Information (GDI) said.
Land from the Rambaken
Oya zone that is controlled
by the Sri Lanka Mahaveli
Authority and do not come
under any reserve will be
allocated for this purpose,
with the objective of
encouraging local
agricultural producers to
locally produce maize at a
large scale.
The DGI said the maize
cultivated in these lands will
be used in the production of
Thriposha, a local cereal with
high-nutrition content
provisioned free of charge
for pregnant women, breast-
feeding mothers and infants
with nutritional deficiencies.
Thrioposha is also used as
animal feed.
The cabinet of ministers
noted that the government
has taken measures to limit
the import of food crops that
have been designated for
cultivation within the country
with the objective of
controlling foreign exchange
influx.
Early last year Sri Lanka
banned the import of maize
in a move to protect the
local producers. Agriculture
Department Director
(Development) Ajantha De
Silva said early last year that
the ban was imposed to
protect local farmers who are
benefiting from new
investments in to R&D.
He said the Field Crop
Research and Development
Institute at Mahailuppallama
has developed a new variety
of hybrid maize which
produces a higher yield than
the normal maize variety
available. Sri Lanka produces
about 250,000 metric tonnes
of maize and has a national
requirement of 600,000MT.
According to reports the
poultry feed requirement is
around 400,000 metric
tonnes, the dairy sector
consumes another 200,000
metric tonnes of maize as
cattle feed.
The country was importing
the balance mainly from
India and Ukraine. Amid all
this the country has a huge
armyworm infestation issue.
Sri Lanka's maize crop has
been hit by fall armyworm
from around 2019 and
several mitigation
procedures have been
followed.
Source: EconomyNext
Sri Lanka government
allocate land for local
Maize cultivation
Sri Lanka government
allocate land for local
Maize cultivation

INTERVIEW
08
Investment in
the industry is
expected to exceed
USD 3 billion by end
of this decade.

Alternative raw materials are high in demand but there is
constraint for availability, consistent quality and even pricing.
Think Grain Think Feed covered e-interview of Mr. Leo Wein,
Managing Director of Protenga who shared his perspective
on scope of insect meal and its usage in feed.
Insect farming is an emerging industry for the supply of
protein meal and oil into pet food and livestock feed systems,
particularly aquaculture, poultry and swine. Insect protein
meals have a favourable amino acid profile while the oil,
which is rich in lauric acid, is an important energy source and
has beneficial effects on animal health. Protenga's flagship
product for this market are Hermet Protein and Hermet Oil, a
high-protein insect meal as well as a premium feed-grade
insect oil derived from Black Soldier Fly.
A major feature of insect farming is the ability to convert by-
product streams from agriculture and food processing into a
high value animal feed ingredient. Production systems are
intensive, and typically employ vertical farming principles.
Production occurs year-round creating the opportunity to
have very high productivity with a small physical and
environmental footprint.
The industry is growing at a rapid pace. The first commercial
businesses were developed in the late 2000's. Around the
world today there are some 70 commercial businesses
seeking to establish farming operations to supply products
from insect farming for animal production. The industry is
attracting substantial capital investments, with some reports
Would you please share the scope of insect meal (in India
if possible)? Also, for which species it is used maximum?
09
Leo Wein, Protenga
Scope of
Insect Meal

suggesting that by the end
of this decade total
investment in the
development of the sector
will exceed USD 3 billion.
The two main insect species
being developed
commercially for insect
protein are black soldier fly
(BSF, Hermetiaillucens) and
yellow meal worm (Tenebrio
molitor). The production
systems are still very much in
development and we can
expect to see substantial
levels of innovation through
the coming decade.
Increasingly the industry is
receiving strong support
from the scientific
community, providing key
insights into the physiology,
genetics, and dietary and
management needs of the
insects being industrialized.
The largest usage of insect
meal is currently in pet
foods, particularly dog food,
were it serves as a protein
and amino acid source, but
also as a palatant and
product differentiator. In
aquaculture, there's
commercial demand mainly
for salmon, trout, shrimp and
carnivorous marine fish
farming (e.g. barramundi)
feed applications.
Aquaculture demand is
expected to be a main driver
for the growth of the insect
farming industry. Poultry and
swine applications are also
commercially demonstrated.
For poultry, the use of live
larvae in free-range broiler
and layer production systems
has gotten traction, due to
the good results.
Consistent quality is a
concern in case of
alternative feed raw
materials. Can you please
share with our readers
about quality aspects of
insect meal and other by-
products?
Can you share any case
Product quality and safety
are of critical importance to
producers of insect products.
Insect products are approved
for use in pet food and
aquaculture in Europe, and
European authorities recently
approved use of mealworms
for human consumption.
Approval for poultry and
swine in the EU is expected
2021 or 2022.
Insect products are produced
using best practice
manufacturing processes
comparable to other high-
quality animal protein
manufacturing processes.
Conditions are controlled
with respect to inputs,
process parameters and
outputs, with the goal of
ensuring a high level of
safety and quality.
Reputable producershave
rigorous quality and hygiene
control procedures and
traceability systems in place
to ensure compliance with
local and international
regulatory requirements. In
several regions such as
South East Asia, industry
associations have formed,
that provide orientation and
guidance on the emerging
market and regulatory
requirements. In South East
Asia, the Asian Food & Feed
Insect Association (AFFIA) is
bringing together some of
the main insect farming
companies.
study about the impact on
performance (for poultry
or other species) while
using insect-meal as an
ingredient?
Feeding trials have been
conducted with many
species including salmon,
rainbow trout, tilapia, perch
and catfish. BSF protein meal
can be used to replace up to
100% of the fishmeal
component of diets for
salmon (Bruni et al. 2020, Li
et al. 2020), and more
generally up to 30% of total
dietary requirements across
a broad range of species
(Hua 2020). Inclusion of BSF
in salmon diets has positively
affected gut health.
In poultry, up to 30% of the
diet of layers and broilers
can be replaced with BSF
insect meal. Insect Meal can
be included in the diets of
day-old chicks. Insect oil can
serve as a replacement for
palm oil and poultry fat with
no detrimental effects on
bird performance (Benzertiha
2019). Feeding whole live
larvae to broilers improves
leg health, reduces
fearfulness and health
benefits are observed
including reduced feather
pecking (Ipema 2020).
Replacing soybean meal with
live BSF larvae in the diets of
laying hens did not alter feed
conversion ratio, body
weight gain or egg laying,
but improved feather
condition and reduced
pecking (Star 2020).
Feeding trials have long
advanced beyond the
research lab and are
evaluated across various
10
INTERVIEW

11
applications by producers of
animal feeds establishing its
uses and benefits across all
main application areas. Feed
producers as well as farmers
& livestock producers are
keen to brand their products
as including sustainably
produced ingredients, and
provide differentiated
offerings to their customers.
There is excitement about
the health benefits afforded
by including BSF in
aquaculture and poultry
diets, suggesting that insect
farming products offer the
animal production industry
more than just an ingredient
that serves as a dietary
replacement for fishmeal and
soybean meal.
For any R&D or commercial enquiries you
may write to sales@protenga.com
References are available upon request.
Vision of New CLFMA Chairman
It is a unique privilege
and honour for me to
being elected as the
Chairman of CLFMA OF
INDIA. I feel humbled to
follow in the illustrious
traditions of the First
Chairman, Shri G V Sirur,
and Great Legacy of my
predecessors, Shri. A. B.
Godrej, Shri. N. B.
Godrej, Shri Pravin
Lunkad, Shri. P. S.
Nandakumar, Shri.
Anand Menon, Dr. S. L. Anaokar, Dr. S. V. Vaidya, Mr. Bharat
Tandon, Mr. B. S. Yadav, Mr. B. Soundararajan and many
more. To follow in their roles is a big task, but I am sure and
confident that with the help, blessings and cooperation from
allthe members, we shall attain greater heights for CLFMA
OF INDIA.
The industry and the whole world is going through a unique
challenge arising out of COVID-19,the efforts required to
overcome is stupendous. I assure you that CLFMA OF INDIA
shall continue to remain vigilant and active to influence
policy matters at National and State levels to make our
businesses profitable. Our focus is going to be bringing in
new technology to upgrade and improve knowledge of our
members and improve operations at par with global
standards.
Our vision is to create high level of awareness in marketing
and branding of our end products to help a sustainable
growth of our industry through digital marketing, working
closely with policy makers and by many other efforts.
CLFMA of India is an apex organization and the voice of the
country's dynamic livestock sector. The 54-year -old industry
association is recognized as one among the highly reputed
in India. CLFMA OF INDIA is well recognized by livestock
farmers, central and state governments, government
departments, agriculture universities, veterinary colleges and
national research institutes in India as well as outside the
country.
CLFMA of India has over 230 members representing diverse
subsectors of animal protein value chain including feed
manufacturing, poultry, dairy and aquaculture business, animal
nutrition and health, veterinary services, machinery and
equipment, processing, distribution and retailing of meat and
ancillary services such as banking.
Neeraj Kumar Srivastava, Chairman, CLFMA of India
Neeraj Kumar Srivastava
INDUSTRY
THOUGHT

12
ARTICLE
India is the largest exporter of buffalo meat in the world with the highest
population of buffaloes which accounts for about 58% of the global buffalo
population. As per 2019 census, buffalo population in India is 109 million. In
the year 2020, about 34.5 million cattle & buffaloes have been slaughtered
for meat production in the country whereas Meat and Bone Meal (MBM), the
by-product is globally used as an alternative protein source in Poultry & Aqua
feeds.
In poultry feed formulations, soybean meal is used as the major source of
protein and amino acids. Whenever the prices of soybean meal are higher,
nutritionists have the option of using alternative protein sources like
Meat & Bone Meal –
An alternative feed
ingredient
Meat & Bone Meal –
An alternative feed
ingredient
Dr. S.S. Pattabhirama, Nanda Group
Image
Source:
TOMRA

07
13
Rapeseed meal, Groundnut
doc, Cottonseed meal,
Sesame doc, Maize gluten,
DDGS, Meat & bone meal
(MBM), etc. Among all these,
MBM is a unique ingredient
that contains good quality
protein as well as a rich
source of major minerals like
calcium & phosphorous.
While protein serves as
building blocks of the body
with a rich amino acid profile
the minerals like calcium and
phosphorous are necessary
for bone growth & strength.
It is also rich in total fat
which is a good source of
Metabolizable Energy (ME).
The ME levels vary from
2200-2400 Kcal/kg
depending on the quality.
Not only this, the inclusion
of MBM in poultry diets
results in a substantial
reduction of feed cost. An
example of cost reduction by
reformulating is given in
table 3.
However, one has to be very
cautious while using MBM
with regards to bacterial
contamination. Properly
sterilized MBM should be
free from salmonella,
clostridia, and E coli. The
total bacterial count should
be less than 10*103 CFU per
gram of the sample.
Parameters Percent
Moisture, max 8
Crude Protein 42-45
Crude Fat 5-10
Total Ash 30-35
Sand & Silica, max 2
Calcium, min 10
Phosphorous, min 5
ME, Kcal/ kg 2200 - 2500
Table 1: Nutrient Composition of
Meat & Bone Meal
Dr. S.S. Pattabhirama

14
The MBM inclusion allows
nutritionists to reduce
DCP/MCP as a phosphorous
source which reduces the
feed costs substantially. The
inclusion levels may vary
from 2 to 5% depending on
the type of feeds. It is
generally used at a higher
level in layer feeds and a
slightly lower level in broiler
feeds. While it is not
recommended in breeder
feeds because of the risk of
bacterial contamination.
The level of inclusion is
decided based on the quality
of MBM, its price, availability
& the type of feeds. It is
recommended to prefer the
material from a reliable
source like a Meat
Processing Company wherein
the material (inedible parts)
will be cooked & rendered
immediately after the
portioning of the meat. Such
material will be generally
fresh and free from spoilage
and bacterial contamination.
As mentioned earlier, while
using MBM one should
consider replacing soybean
meal as well as DCP/MCP.
About 3% inclusion of MBM
can give the same average of
P as 1% DCP or 0.75% MCP.
The reformulations replacing
soybean meal & DCP with
MBM is shown in the table 3
with illustrations of cost
savings per ton considering
prevailing raw material
prices.
Net savings per ton
maintaining the same
nutritive value is about Rs
350 per ton of feed or 35
Paise per Kg
Conclusion:
MBM is a good alternative
protein source that also
contains a good amount of
phosphorous. The inclusion
of MBM results in substantial
cost savings in poultry diets
replacing by soyabean meal
and DCP when the material
is procured from a reputed &
reliable source which is free
from bacterial
contamination.
ARTICLE
Amino Acid Total % SID* % Dig %
Lysine 2.15 69 1.48
Methionine 0.53 72 0.38
M + C 0.91 62 0.56
Threonine 1.31 62 0.81
Valine 1.84 70 1.29
Arginine 3.23 77 2.49
Tryptophan 0.21 53 0.11
Leucine 2.49 71 1.77
Isoleucine 1.13 69 0.78
Phenyl Alanine 1.41 70 0.99
Histidine 0.61 71 0.43
Table 2: Amino Acid Composition of
Meat & Bone Meal
* Standardized Ileal digestibility
Ingredient Cost/kg (Rs) Added raw Cost of added Materials Cost of Reduced
material/ton material/ton reduced/ton items/ton of
of feed (Kgs) (Rs) (Kgs) feed (Rs)
Maize 15 17.15 257.25
SBM 42 32 1344
MBM 44 30 1320
Rice Bran Oil 95 4 380
LSP 3.5 2 7
DCP 38 10 380
Lysine 150 300 gms 45
DLM 350 150 gms 52.5
Threonine 180 200 gms 36
Valine 350 150 gms 52.5
Total 47 48
1763.25 2111
Difference 347.75
Table 3 : Example of feed cost savings with 3% inclusion in broiler diets

15
Soya doc has been historically considered as
one point protein source. Eventually,
Mustard doc, Groundnut doc, Sunflower
doc, etc. found its place as a substitute to
soya otherwise soya prices would have
skyrocketed till now. With further
development in the market and research on
alternatives, other alternatives are also
getting experimented. One of the major
alternatives which has gained a lot of
traction is Rice DDGS 45% which has
comparable amino acid profile to soya and
can be easily substituted with soya in
various feed diets up to a certain
percentage without affecting the feed
quality or production.
Other products are Corn DDGS, Guar Korma
45%, Maize Gluten 60% (another historically
known and accepted product), Rice Gluten
45%, Cassia Tora Meal.
Inclusion of DDGS in different type of feeds:
To ensure that there is no negative impact
on growth, general acceptance limits of
DDGS is as follows:
Layer feed – up to 10%
Broiler feed – up to 3-5%
Cattle feed – up to 22%
Fish/Shrimp feed - max 3%
Digestibility is considered around 85% for
DDGS.
The cost of feed is likely to get reduced by
25-30% by inclusion of alternative sources
of protein as per acceptable limits.
Corn DDGS from USA:
USA supplies over 10 lakh tonnes of Corn
DDGS every month across the globe in
vessel loads. The product is relatively new
for India and due to GMO restrictions US
Corn DDGS is not allowed in Indian market.
Our team has been working with various
feed millers across the country on pros and
cons of DDGS products and how it can
bring more competitiveness in the market.
Chirag Garg
Different Protein
Different Protein
Chirag Garg, Prorich Agro
Image
Source:
Feed
Navigator

16
After the recent collaboration of Novus International with biotechnology company
Agrivida, Think Grain Think Feed connected with Dr. Vaibhav Nagpal, Novus vice
president and chief commercial officer – Asia and Dr. Michael Raab, Agrivida
president to further understand the partnership. Please read the excerpts below:
Dr Nagpal: Novus signed a strategic partnership agreement in December 2020
with the innovative crop biotech company Agrivida. The partnership agreement
combines Novus's experience in applied research, sales, and marketing with
Agrivida's unique technology platform, production capability and biotech
expertise.
The focus of the partnership is in three areas:
o Development of new innovative gut health products through a joint R&D
innovation pipeline
o Developing the market for Agrivida's current GRAINZYME® feed additive
products
o Developing the global supply chain for this new class of products
Dr Raab: Agrivida's products are currently only registered for sale in the U.S. The
Novus team is actively engaged in identifying regulatory pathways globally and
more information about regulatory and our international market launches will be
coming soon.
Dr Nagpal: Novus announced our strategic plan, Project Density, in early 2020.
The aim of that plan is to transform the company to become a leader in gut health
solutions through nutrition, which includes new technologies. Agrivida's current
enzyme products complement Novus's existing gut health solutions. Using a
natural carrier, in this case, corn kernels, Agrivida has created a more sustainable
and effective delivery system for feed additives. The unique technology platform
has the potential to deliver new gut health products, such as antibodies or
antimicrobials to control detrimental gut microbes or deliver novel proteins that
promote beneficial microbial growth throughout the GI-tract.
Dr Raab: The company was founded by scientists from the Massachusetts
Institute of Technology (MIT) who were focused on improving the manufacture
and use of enzymes in a completely new way. Our innovative technology
TGTF: Would you please share details about the recent collaboration of
Novus International with innovative technology provider – Agrivida?
TGTF: Can you please update our readers about the status of the
collaboration? As the official release says products would be available in the
US market but how long it can take to reach the Asian market?
TGTF: Dr. Nagpal, how this collaboration is going to support the present
product portfolio of Novus?
TGTF: Dr Raab, please tell us more about Agrivida.
Another collaboration
of Novus to become
a leader in gut
health solutions
INTERVIEW
Dr. Vaibhav Nagpal

developments have earned several research grants from both the
U.S. Department of Agriculture,
U.S. Department of Energy, the
National Science Foundation, and
several state agencies.
Agrivida's flagship product,
GRAINZYME® Phytase is a corn
variety that produces a very high
concentration of phytase in the
grain. The concentrations are so
high that only a few hundred
grams are required to treat an
entire ton of complete feed.
Through years of research,
Agrivida can now deliver enzyme
feed additives inside corn grain,
which circumvents fermentation,
formulation, and coating while still
delivering an effective phytase enzyme to the animal. Our
nutritional products are packaged perfectly for the animals by
nature.
Dr Raab: Agrivida's novel and innovative technology focuses on
delivering additives in a completely unique and sustainable way –
directly inside of the grain. This creates a more effective delivery
mechanism that integrates directly into standard feed production
processes, enabling lower costs and precision dosing for customers.
Because it is delivered in the corn itself, it offsets a small amount of
corn in the diet and can free up premix space or microbins that may
otherwise be employed when adding competing additives. Further,
because we rely on agricultural production that is already necessary
for making feed, our technology alleviates external fermentation
and formulation processes.
Dr Nagpal: Novus believes our customers value innovative,
sustainable solutions to their challenges that also improve their cost
position, and they will be eager to integrate a novel technology that
delivers these advantages. The partnership is focused on
developing novel feed additives using the sustainable and natural
delivery system of corn for animal health through nutrition.
Agrivida's current enzyme portfolio can be used in all species with
enzyme products for swine and poultry already available in the U.S.
and enzyme products for ruminants available very soon. In the
future, we see additional feed additives, including new enzymes
and even animal health products, being delivered through this
system. We look forward to bringing this technology to customers
and having them join us on the journey to continue driving our
industry into the future.
TGTF: Would you please share details about the unique
technology and how is it more beneficial to the end
customers?
TGTF: What opportunities do you see in various markets and
which species are targeted with this new product?
17
Dr. Michael Raab

18
INDUSTRY SURVEY
How do you think Farmers (Empowerment and
Protection) Agreement on Price Assurance and Farm
Services Act, 2020 can impact the Indian feed industry?
Positively
56%
Negatively
22.7%
21.3%
Can’t say anything
Which alternative raw material has maximum scope as
protein supplement/ as a partial replacement of soybean
meal in poultry feed manufacturing in India?
DDGS
Fish meal
Insect meal
Others
50.7%
21.7%
14.5%
13.1%
When do you think that Indian poultry production will
gain momentum in growth as pre-COVID era?
Q1 2021
32.9%
Beyond 2022
5.5%
Q1 2022
8.2%
Q3 2021
53.4%
Do you think FSSAI regulation will successfully improve
the availability of quality feed in India?
Yes
76%
No
24%
Think Grain Think Feed connected with feed manufacturers and integrators to
understand their perspective on market and if there have been any changes in the feed
production due to COVID-19. 75 participants representing highest feed production of
200,000 MT per month to lowest of 150 MT per month with multiple feed milling
facilities across the country participated in the survey.
Below is the survey report:
What will be the Consumer demand trend for 2021
and forward
Packed RTE (Ready to Eat) products
Value-added products
Wet market will considerably come down
30.7%
50.6%
18.7%
Do you think India should allow GM feed crops imports?
No
36%
Yes
64%
Minimum protein of
Indian corn gluten is
65-67% while it is 60%
for GM corn gluten,
said a leading feed
player.
Indian Feed Survey
by Think Grain Think Feed

Do you think India should imply AMR guidelines?
Yes,
completely
agree
Yes,
to some
extent
No
48% 45.3%
6.7%
Which factors according to you have a major impact
on antibiotic free production?
I believe consumer awareness will bring change in
antibiotic free production
I believe legislative compulsion will bring
change in antibiotic free production
I believe both factors will in
bring change
I believe other factors will in
bring change
56.3%
31.3%
7.3%
5.1%
According to you, which segment of animal protein in India and in which region (North, South, East, West),
has the maximum growth potential in the coming decade?
40
30
20
10
0
Milk Egg Chicken Fish
North South East West
How do you predict the poultry processing
industry growing in India?
Same as it was before
the pandemic
Higher growth rate
Industry will
remain same
47.3%
33.8%
18.9%
What’s the Year on Year growth of Indian Cattle Feed
industry you expect for next 5 years?
Growth
Rate of 8%
54.9%
25.4%
Growth
Rate of more
than 10%
19.7%
Growth
Rate of 10%
What according to you would matter most in the coming years?
Sustainable production
Feed Quality
Feed Safety
Others
33.3%
49.3%
14.7%
2.7%
19

INDUSTRY SURVEY
20
What according to you can improve
aqua consumption in India?
Consumer awareness
Better pricing
Others
37.7%
49.3%
13%
Did your feed manufacturing capacity reduce in
Jan-Dec 2020?
Yes
50.8%
No
49.2%
Only 35% of producers
with more than 5000 MT
per month production
reported a reduction in
feed production while a
major chunk of 65% said
it remained same.
India not to permit vaccination
against avian influenza
Union Minister of State for
Fisheries, Animal Husbandry
and Dairying Sanjeev Kumar
Balyan said that as per World
Organization of Animal Health,
vaccination is not the solution
for the control of bird flu 'if
eradication is the desired
result'
India has not given permission
for use of any vaccine against
bird flu nor other countries like
the US, UK and the European
Union have approved any such
vaccine, the government
informed Parliament recently.
"As per World Organization of
Animal Health (OIE),
vaccination is not considered
the solution for the control of
Avian Influenza (Bird Flu) if
eradication is the desired
result," Union Minister Sanjeev
Kumar Balyan said in a written
reply to the Rajya Sabha.
Without the application of
monitoring systems, strict
biosecurity and depopulation
in the face of infection, there is
a possibility that these viruses
could become endemic in
vaccinated poultry
populations, he said.
Long-term circulation of the
virus in a vaccinated
population may result in both
antigenic and genetic changes
in the virus and this has been
reported to have occurred in
several countries, the Minister
of State for Fisheries, Animal
Husbandry and Dairying said.
The minister further explained
that with the long-term use of
vaccination either the disease
becomes endemic and
therefore widespread, or the
infection in affected animals
gets too difficult to detect.
"The Government of India has
not permitted use of any
vaccine against bird flu in the
country. Further, it is gathered
from the Central Drugs
Standards Control
Organization (CDSCO) that no
such vaccine is approved in
countries like the USA, UK, EU
etc. to prevent/cure bird flu in
birds," he noted.
In a separate reply, the minister
said bird flu among
commercially reared and wild
birds have been confirmed
from 14 states and union
territories namely Kerala,
Haryana, Madhya Pradesh,
Maharashtra, Chhattisgarh,
Gujarat, Uttar Pradesh,
Uttarakhand, Punjab, Himachal
Pradesh, Bihar, Rajasthan,
Delhi, and Jammu and Kashmir.
So far, the Centre has provided
Rs 103.56 crore assistance to
these 14 states/union
territories for control of bird
flu, he added.
Source: firstpost
Image
Source:
Zee
Business
INDUSTRY
NEWS

ARTICLE
22
Introduction:
The human population is increasing at a rapid rate and simultaneously the demand of animal
protein is also increasing. Poultry is a good and cheap source of protein but in developing
countries like India, the production cost becomes the major limitationin raising poultry. There is a
need to switch to some non- traditional feed sources which will not only decreases the
competition between human and poultry for protein requirement, but also decreases the
production costin poultry farming.
Moringa oleifera is one uniqueexample of an alternative protein supplement for poultry. Besides
a good nutrient composition, it has many other properties like antimicrobial, antioxidant,
anticancerous, anti-cholesteroland immune enhancing properties. So, apart from reducing the
production cost it can also help in reducing the public health hazards, which are caused by the use
of various antimicrobialsin poultry feed. In this article the possible role of Moringa
oleiferaalongwith its benefits in poultry industries have been discussed.
Chemical composition of Moringa Oleifera:
The plant is known as miracle tree,drumstick tree, ben oil treeandhorseradish tree. It is also known
Appreciating the
Potential of Moringa
Oleifera in
Poultry Industry
Anshul Gautam, G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar
Image
Source:
Medikonda
Nutrients

as wealthy tree,because of
being a rich resource of
various nutrients with high
biological values. Every part
of the plant from root to tree
is rich in nutrients and has
beneficial properties.The
leaves of the plant are the
most preferred part.The
metabolizable energy of the
Moringa oleifera leaf meal is
8.51MJ/Kg.
Other properties:
·
Plant is rich in minerals
such as
calcium,potassium,magn
esium, phosphorus,iron,
selenium, zinc, copper
and vitamins such as
vitamin A, thiamine,
riboflavin, niacin, folic
acid, ascorbic acid and á-
tocopherol.
·
Moringa oleifera leaves
have calcium equivalent
of 4 glasses of milk,3
times the iron of spinach,
4times the vitamin A in
carrot,2 times the protein
in milk. (Loren,2007)
·
Protein quality and
quantity are higher than
many conventional
protein supplements. It is
rich in many essential
amino acids such as
lysine, phenylalanine,
isoleucine, methionine,
threonine and valine.
·
Plant contains a rare and
rich combination of
zeatin, quercetin, b
sitosterol, caffeoylquinic
acid and kaempferol.
·
Heavy metals such as
mercury, arsenic,
cadmium which are
potential toxics are
absent from leaves of the
plant.
Antimicrobial Properties
·
Due to the presence of
lipophilic compounds
and different metabolites
such as carboxylic acid ,
2,4-diacetyl
phloroglucinol, benzyl
thiocarboxamide and
chitinases present in
plant cell wall.
·
Phenolics, polyphenols,
terpenoids, essential oils,
alkaloids, lectins have
strong antibacterial
activity against
Different properties of
moringa oleifera with their
concerned bioactive
compounds:
Escherichia coli.
Antioxidant Properties
·
ascorbic acid, tocopherol
, carotenoids,flavonoids,
selenium ,gallic
acid,chlorogenic
acid,rutin,apigenin,astrag
alin,quercetin,kaempferol
that confer
neuroprotection by
scavenging free radicals
or activating cellular
antioxidant system
Antiinflammatory
Properties
·
quercetin,different
glycosides,various
isothiocyanates,kaempfer
ol.
Hypocholestrolemic
Functions
Table 1 showing proximate composition of
Moringa oleifera Leaf meal (Alabi oj et al ,2017)
Parameters Percentage
Composition (%)
Dry Matter (DM) 94.25
Ether Extract (EE) 5.50
Crude Protein (CP) 23.80
Crude Fibre (CF) 16.57
Nitrogen Free Extract (NFE) 38.63
Ash 9.75
Table 2 showing broiler feed requirements at different production stages of the broiler birds (BIS ,2007)
Parameters Moisture Crude Protein Ether Extract Crude Fibre Acid Insoluble Salt Metabolizable
(%) Max (%) Min. (%) Min (%) Max. Ash (%) Max (%) Max Energy (Kcal/Kg)
Min.
Broiler pre-starter
feed (0- 1 week) 11 23 3 5 2.5 0 .5 3000
Broiler starter feed
(2-3 week) 11 22 3.5 5 2.5 0.5 3100
Broiler finisher feed
(4-6 week) 11 20 4 5 2.5 0.5 3200
Example of a broiler ration – grain such as maize - 20% and jowar-40%, soyabean meal-10%, cake such as GNC -5%, rapeseed meal-15%, fish meal-8%, mineral and vitamin mixture-1.5%, salt-0.5%.
23

·
â-sitosterol and 4-[á -(L-
rhamnosyloxyl)benzyl]-o-
methyl thiocarbamate
exhibit cholestrol
lowering activities.
Strenghten the Immune
System
·
Niaziridin ,found in the
plant improves the
absorption of different
vitamins,minerals,and
other micronutrients in
the gastrointestinal tract
of birds.
·
A fair amount of copper
present increases the gut
health by decreasing the
intestinal crypt depth.
·
Plant also contain the
ingredients which are
able to neutralise toxic
elements in feed.
Antitumour Formation
·
The various antioxidants
present in the plant
activates pro-apoptotic
protein such as caspases,
TRAIL and inhibit activity
of anti-apoptotic
proteins like Bcl2,IAPs.
Inclusion of Moringa
Oleifera in diet of broilers:
To achieve rapid growth of
broilers and a good profit the
feed of broilers should
contain a good energy source
such as grains or their by-
products; protein source such
as soyabean meal, cakes and
fish meal for their rapid
growth; a good vitamin
mixture, mineral mixture and
salt to prevent any deficiency
disease. Antibiotics and
coccidiostats are also added
in the feed.
As it is a well-known fact that
the birds eat to meet their
energy requirements, so it
becomes important to adjust
other nutrients in the feed
accordingly, especially the
calorie -protein ratio should
be maintained.
Moringa oleifera can replace
the protein sources up to 10%
in broiler diets without any
adverse effects on growth
and carcass qualities.
(Onunkwo and George,2015)
The inclusion of Moringa
oleifera in broiler diet has
been proven to cause the
following positive effects:
·
It causes increased
protein deposition on
the muscle fibres which
is evident by increased
muscle fibre diameter
and thus resulting into
higher muscle weight
and dressing %.
·
Improved colour of the
carcass because of
carotenoids presents in
the plant.
·
Improved PUFA content
in the carcass.
·
Improved tibia bone
parameters due to
presence of
phytoestrogens
flavonoids by inhibiting
the activity of
osteoclasts.
·
Increased pH, increased
water holding capacity of
breast muscles.
·
Promotes gut health
through improved
intestinal
microarchitecture and
cellular count.
Inclusion of Moringa
Oleifera in diet of layers:
The ingredients used in layer
feed are more or less similar
Table 3 showing layer feed requirements at different production stages of the layer bird (BIS,2007)
Parameters Moisture Crude Protein Ether Extract Crude Fibre Acid Insoluble Salt Metabolizable
(%) Max (%) Min. (%) Min (%) Max. Ash (%) Max (%) Max Energy (Kcal/Kg)
Min.
Chick Layer Feed
(0-8weeks) 11 20 2 7 4 0.5 2800
Grower Layer Feed
(8-20 weeks) 11 16 2 9 4 0.5 2500
Layer Phase-1
(20-42weeks) 11 18 2 9 4 0.5 2600
Layer Phase-2
(42-72weeks) 11 16 2 10 4.5 0.5 2400
24
Example of a layer ration- maize-35%, barley-15%, soyabean meal-10%, GNC-10%, wheat bran -15%, fish meal-5%, mollases-3%, calcium source such as limestone ground-5%, mineral and
vitamin mixture-1.5%, salt-0.5%.
ARTICLE

25
to broiler feed except that
layer feed also includes a rich
source of calcium.
Moringa oleifera leaf mealcan
be included up to 10% in diet
of layer without having any
adverse effects on their
performance. (Kakengi et
al,2007)
The inclusion of Moringa
oleifera in diet of layers has
been proven to cause
following effects
·
Improved egg yolk
colour due to the
presence of carotenoids
present in the plants.
·
Increased albumin height
and Haugh unit during
storage.
·
It prevents the
movement of water from
albumin to yolk during
storage there by
maintaining the quality
of egg for a longer
period.
·
Reduces the incidence of
E. coli infections.
·
Higher nutrient
composition in egg yolk.
Conclusion:
Moringa oleifera can play an
important role in poultry
industry without having any
adverse effect on poultry
health. It can address the gut
health changes in poultry and
can be used as novel growth
promoter. Besides all these, it
represents a solution for
antibiotic resistance at an
affordable price. It can also
address the problem of high
production cost. In spite of all
these advantages the use of
Moringa oleiferain the poultry
industryis not up to the mark.
There is a need to explore
more about the plant and
comprehending its use in the
poultry industry in the best
way.And more importantly,
animal nutritionists should
indulge in awareness drive to
propagate among the poultry
feed manufacturers the use of
moringa leaf as a good
protein supplement in poultry
feed, apart from its
multifaceted added
advantages to the animals.
References are available upon request
Webinar on
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Host
26 March, Friday at 4.00 PM (IST)
Official Publication
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The purpose of the webinar is to discuss the transition process, economic benefits it has brought to the business, and the
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Sponsorship opportunities available! info@benisonmedia.com

ARTICLE
26
Introduction:
Phosphorus is one of the essential minerals for all the living organisms including
poultry. Phosphorus being a part of energy currency, plays a critical role in cellular
metabolism as well as it is also required in bone formation. Phosphorus is bound
to Phytic acid in plants thus doesn't get avail to poultry. To compensate this,
additionally Phosphorus source supplements such as Dicalcium Phosphate is
added in the feed. This addition increases the feed cost and decreases the
profitability out of poultry production. In addition to this the bound Phosphorus
excreted as it is in the environment thus polluting the environment also
(Peter.H.Selle et al). Apart from decreasing phosphorus availability, Phytic acid
chelates with various divalent, amino acid and decreases their absorption as well.
To overcome aforesaid problems, Phytase development and addition has been a
very innovative approach to bring the best out of nutrition and to reduce the cost
of production. Phytase catalyses the hydrolysis of Phytate (present in feed) in
stepwise manner and releases bound Phosphorus and inositol, thus reducing the
cost of additional phosphorus in diet. Solely the addition of phytase wouldn't
reduce the cost or would increase the efficiency of production. Various attributes
that are associated with the stability of enzymes should also be considered to
meet out the actual benefit out of the addition of Phytase enzyme. In this article
stability parameters linked with phytase and their importance is discussed.
Need of Phytase addition:
·
Augmenting Phosphorus release
Pushing the envelope
with Phytase -
Potentiated Phytase
Dr Pooja Rawal, Dr Dibyendu Dey, Mr Vinay Kulkarni,
Dr C.V. Chandrasekaran, Optima Life Sciences
IP6
IP5 IP4 IP3 IP2 IP1
I5
P P P P P
PHYTASE
P
Exogenous phytase when added in the feed releases the bound Phosphorus in
stepwise manner and thus increases its availability to the bird.
·
Lowering the feed cost
To compensate the deficiency of Phosphorus, additional phosphorus is added in
the diet in the form of Dicalcium Phosphate that results in increase feed cost.
Phytase addition somewhere reduces the feed cost by increasing the availability of

27
Phosphorus and decreasing
the requirement of addition
of Phosphorus source in the
feed.
·
Diminishing the
environmental pollution
Phosphorus being in bound
form, passes in the excreta as
such, thus being deposited in
the natural resources.
Extraction of phosphorus
leads to depletion of non-
renewable resources. Phytase
addition solved this problem
to some extent.
Attributes associated with
the addition of Exogeneous
Phytase:
In general, enzyme being a
biocatalyst should be stable
to show its complete activity
and to fulfil the purpose it is
specifically manufactured for
(as shown in image 1).
·
Ideal feature of Phytase
when in operation
o Thermostability- to
withstand high pelleting
temperature.
o Good gastric tolerance
and stability to resist
birds own enzymes.
o Stability at low pH.
o High rate and extent of
Phytate breakdown- to
sustain its activity even
at low phytate
concentration.
·
Storage stability of
Phytase- storage at
room temperature (73°F)
or 39 to 73°F at low
humidity is ideal to
optimize phytase
Enzyme Stability
Storage/Shelf
stability
Operational stability
Stability of enzyme
when stored i.e.,
retention of
activity over time
Retention of activity
when in use. To
withstand the
pelleting temperature
8500
7500
6500
5500
4500
3500
2500
1500
500
-500
Source: Effect of pH and temperature on the activity of phytase products used in broiler nutrition-Naves L de P et al
1
Activity
(FTU
g-
)
A. oryzae A. niger S. cerevisae
A. oryzae Regression A. niger Regression S. cerevisae Regression
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
pH
40
35
30
25
20
15
10
5
0
Source: Stability of Four Commercial Microbial Phytase sourcesunder increasing conditioning temperatures and
conditioner retention times during pelleting - C.N. Truelock et al
180 190 200
O
Conditioning temperature, F
A
B
C
D
Phytase
stability,
%
Graph 2: Effect of temperature on phytase stability
Graph 1: Effect of pH on Phytase stability
Image 1: Attributes associated with the addition of Exogeneous Phytase:1

ARTICLE
28
stability and maximize
phytase activity during
storage (Sulabo et al.,
2011; De Jong et al.,
2016).
·
Structural aspect of
Phytase- At present
there are 4 classes of
phytase that are
believed to hydrolyse
phytate.
Pelleting temperature
affecting the Exogenous
Phytase:
Broiler ration are typically
pelleted to promote
improved broiler
performance but high
pelleting temperature can
inactivate the conventional
phytase enzyme. Feed
pelleting process involves
temperature around and
Histidine acid phosphates
(HAP) members share
common catalytic
mechanism and common
active site motif. The active
site is positively charged at
acidic pH in order to bind
with negatively charged
phytate molecule.
b
- Popeller Phytase
(BPPhy)- consist of b
sheets
and resembles a six bladed
2+
propeller. Requires Ca for
its catalytic activity and
thermostability. Has two
components, an ‘affinity
site’ that attracts substrate
and an adjacent ‘cleavage
site’ that hydrolyze the
phosphate group.
Cysteine Phosphatase(CP)-
active sites from a loop that
functions as a substrate
binding pocket unique to
protein tyrosine
phosphatase.
Purple acid phosphatase-
contains unique set of
seven metal liganding
amino acid residues. A
binuclear metallic center
containing two iron.
even in excess of 80°C, under
this condition the common
phytase enzyme gets
denatured and loose
enzymatic activity. Limitation
to most commercially
available phytase is that they
are inactivated when pelleted
above 75°C-80°C. Moreover,
lower than the desired
activity of added phytase in
feed can have a visible
negative impact on lameness
(weak bones and egg shell)
in poultry. Therefore, it
becomes imperative to
provide special attention to
heat stability of phytase.
Phytase with improved
thermostability would meet
the purpose of inclusion of
this enzyme in poultry diet.
For a phytase additive to be
optimized, it must also be
thermally stable.
Potentiated Phytase:
In order to increase the
potential benefit of phytase
in poultry diet, it becomes
mandatory to increase the
heat stability of phytase.
Potentiated phytase is that
phytase where its activity is
potentiated by a special
technology which shall
provide protection against
high temperature that occur
during pelleting and
conditioning.
Highly thermostable
phytase- an enzyme by
Optima Life sciences being a
potentiated phytase, stands
out to be an indispensable
product which is based on a
special technology that is

29
Protection from
degradation and
deactivation
Enhanced
stability
Increase in
activity
Multiple trials were
performed in vitro to test the
efficacy of Potentiated
Phytase and assess its
activity. These trials justified
that enzyme P advance
being a highly thermostable
phytase was able to retain its
activity even at high
phytase addition for
maximum economic benefit.
Thermostability proves to be
a reliable parameter for the
optimization of Phytase use
in poultry feed.
Conclusion:
Poultry sector being one of
the developed sectors is
grooming industry.
Economic justification for
producers to use Phytase is
clear and its importance for
feed manufactures is proven
with heat and storage stability
of enzyme. Addition of
thermostable and storage
stable phytase would bring the
best out of the discovery of
105
100
95
90
85
80
75
RELATIVE PHYTASE ACTIVITY
86
100
Conventional Thermostable Phytase Potentiated Phytase
O
80 C
Conventional Thermostable Phytase Potentiated Phytase
PHYTASE
ACTIVITY
Source: Optima life sciences R&D
Graph 3: Trial result on efficacy of Potentiated Phytase
pelleting temperature and
fulfilling the requirement of
addition of Phytase in feed.
With increase in choice of
phytase products, there is a
need for feed producers to
compare and optimize
moving towards continuous
change. To bloom the sector
further, it is necessary to
bring the nutritional
parameter also in track.
Discovery of exogenous
enzymes was a boon to the
that enzyme. Therefore, the
profitability out of addition of
exogenous enzyme now relies
on selection of phytase which
is thermostable and storage
stable.
References are available upon request.
Thermo-protection technology. Using this technique enzyme productivity and shelf stability
is increased.

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INDUSTRY NEWS
30
1% growth in global feed
production in 2020
Now in its 10th year, the
Alltech Global Feed Survey
serves as an invaluable
barometer for the state of
animal feed production.
Fortified by a decade of
documentation and
research, it is the strongest
evaluation of compound
feed production and prices
in the industry and is the
most complete data source
of its kind.
The 2021 Alltech Global
Feed Survey estimates that
international feed tonnage
increased by 1%, to 1,187.7
million metric tons (MMT) of
feed produced last year.
China saw 5% growth and
reclaimed its position as the
top feed-producing country,
with 240MMT. Rounding out
the top10feed-producing
countries, including tonnage
and growth percentage, are
the U.S. (215.9 MMT, +1%),
Brazil (77.6 MMT, +10%),
India (39.3 MMT, -5%),
Mexico (37.9 MMT, +4%),
Spain (34.8 MMT, 0%),
Russia (31.3 MMT, +3%),
Japan (25.2 MMT, 0%),
Germany (24.9 MMT, 0%)
and Argentina (22.5, +7%).
Altogether, these countries
account for 63% of the
world's feed production and
can be viewed as an
indicator of the overall
trends in agriculture.
The global data, collected
from more than
140countries and more than
28,000 feed mills, indicates
feed production by species
as follows: broilers, 28%;
pigs, 24%; layers, 14%; dairy,
11%; beef, 10%; other
species,7%; aquaculture, 4%;
and pets, 2%. The
predominant growth came
from the broiler, pig, aqua
and pet feed sectors.
Going beyond the numbers
for a holistic look at the
state of the industry, the
survey also incorporates
qualitative questions to
uncover trends such as
COVID-19, sustainability and
antibiotic reduction.
The 2021 Alltech Global
Feed Survey results,
including species-specific
feed production numbers,
interactive graphs and
maps, are available atone.
alltech.com/2021-global-
feed-survey.

Think Grain Think Feed February 2021

Think Grain Think Feed February 2021

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Think Grain Think Feed February 2021