In a company we would all like to think folks would like to learn about Health and safety but if you dont want to then you can learn about THANATOLOGY and what take place for those who dont!

1. When People Don’t Want to
follow Safety
Maybe they would like to study Thanatology
instead No matter how hard you try people
don’t follow safety!

2. Do you consider yourself a safe
person?
Do you observe the safety
management programs
that your company has
prepared for its
employees?

3. Life or Death two main choices
• In safety we see life and
great life styles with family
in friends
• In death the game is
stopped, the clock has
stopped ticking and the you
are out of the game!

4. Two choices Safety or Thanatology
• Thanatology is the scientific study of death. It
investigates the mechanisms and forensic
aspects of death, such as bodily changes that
accompany death and the post-mortem
period, as well as wider psychological and
social aspects related to death.

5. OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH & SAFETY
LAW
In Canada, Occupational Health and Safety laws have been put in place
either federally or provincially, to protect the health and safety of all
workers.
Basically, the occupational health and safety
responsibilities of these governments are to:
• Enforce applicable legislation
• Conduct workplace inspections and investigations
• Distribute information on legislation
• Resolve health and safety disputes, and
• Promote training, education and research
5

6. OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH & SAFETY
LAW
6
Each province and territory in Canada has health and safety legislation,
which include both “Acts” and “regulations”.
Occupational Health and Safety “Acts” are known as minimal
requirements outlined by a province or territory to employ workplace
health and safety practices. In addition to each Act are “regulations”
that complement and provide further laws specific to high-risk sectors.
Because each province and territory has its own legislation,
occupational health and safety responsibilities will vary slightly from
province to province.

7. DUTIES OF WORKERS
7
DUTIES
• Follow the law and the workplace health and safety policies and
procedures
• Always wear or use protective equipment required by the employer
• Work and act in a way that does not endanger themselves or
another worker
• Report any hazard, workplace injuries or incidents to their
supervisor (including threats and attempts of workplace violence)
A supervisor is also considered a worker under OHSA and has the same
rights and duties as a worker.

8. RIGHTS OF WORKERS
RIGHT TO KNOW
• Workers have the right to know about hazards in their workplace. This
includes being informed about hazards by the company and their supervisors,
and the right to ask questions without fear of reprisals about hazards in their
job.
• Examples of questions include:
– What are the hazards of this job?
– Is there any special training required?
– Do I have the right protective equipment?
– If I have questions about safety, who do I ask?
• You should know where your nearest first aid station is located and how to
contact trained first aiders
8

9. RIGHTS OF WORKERS
9
RIGHT TO PARTICPATE
Workers can participate in
workplace health and safety by
reporting hazards they see to their
supervisor, asking questions about
hazards and how to work safely, and
being safety role models for others.
Workers can also participate as
Health and Safety Representatives
and as members of a Joint Health
and Safety Committee (JHSC)
RIGHT TO REFUSE UNSAFE WORK
A worker has the right to refuse
unsafe work if he or she has reason to
believe the work is dangerous,
meaning the work he/she is doing,
the area in which he/she is working,
or a machine/ equipment/tool he/she
is using may endanger him/her or
another worker.

10. DUTIES OF EMPLOYERS
• Inform and educate workers about hazards in their workplace and how to work safely
• Appoint competent supervisors who know the work, know the hazards present and know the
applicable laws and regulations
• Create written health and safety polices (reviewed annually), develop programs and
procedures to implement this policy, post the policy in the workplace and make sure they are
being followed
• Ensure workers follow the law and the procedures and policies at your workplace
• Take steps to eliminate hazards in the workplace and where elimination is not possible, to
control them
• Provide personal protective equipment (PPE) and ensure its proper use and maintenance
• Take every precaution reasonable to ensure the safety of workers AND THE PUBLIC (known
as the “general duty” clause)
10

11. SUPERVISOR’S DUTIES &
RESPONSIBILITIES
Some basic duties of the supervisor
are:
• Inform and educate workers
about hazards in their workplace
and how to work safely
• Ensure workers follow the law
and any workplace procedures
and policies
• Make sure workers wear and use
the right personal protective
equipment
• Take every precaution
reasonable to ensure the safety
of workers and the public
11
Every supervisor is also a worker with the same
rights and responsibilities as any other worker.
Supervisors are responsible for listening to and
addressing health and safety issues as they arise.
A supervisor can contact his/her manager or
HSER department to discuss any health and
safety issues.

12. SUPERVISOR’S ROLE
• Know the OHSA and how relevant Regulations apply to your workplace
• Know the hazards
• Inform workers of potential and actual hazards and how to work safely (especially
new, young workers and persons coming back from an extended period of time
off)
• Ensure work is performed safely: plan, monitor, remind and enforce
• Ensure tools and equipment are properly maintained and guarded (where
applicable)
• Continually monitor for and anticipate new hazards
• Be a health and safety role model
12

13. SUPERVISOR’S ROLE
13
• Listen to health and safety concerns from your workers, colleagues,
students, public
• Maintain Documentation
– Written safe work procedures
– Safety training: content, attendance
– Resolution of safety concerns
• Discussing with/referring health and safety issues to line management
based on the situation
• Asking for assistance if needed

14. So why would you want to learn about
death and it two main types

15. Do you utilize your training,
experience and safety equipment
and procedures for protecting
yourself and others on jobsites?
For instance do you use fall
protection, safety glasses, hearing
protection and otherwise recognize
and abate hazards that exist on the
job?

16. Do You…
• …work in locations that would be considered a
confined space where hazardous atmospheres may
exist (i.e. using cleaning chemicals in the shower)?
• …dig on the job or in your yard at home without
clearing buried utilities?
• …drive a vehicle without using a seat belt or while
applying makeup?
• …ensure that the trailer you are towing (boat) is
working properly, its not overloaded and the load is
properly secured.
No matter how much safety training has been provided why are
unsafe acts still being committed (on and off the job?)

17. Are your safety thoughts brain dead

18. An AGC Construction Learning
Tool

20. An AGC Construction Learning
Tool

22. An AGC Construction Learning
Tool

26. WHY?
Why do we commit unsafe acts
when we know better?

27. Does Changing One’s Behavior Toward
Safety Really Work?
Absolutely
Results from all sectors of manufacturing and construction
have shown…
– 40-75 percent reduction in accident rates and accident costs
– Greater workforce involvement in safety
– Better communications between management and the workforce
– Greater 'ownership' of safety by the workforce
– More positive attitudes towards safety
– Greater individual acceptance of responsibility for safety

28. The Psychology of Safe Behavior
There appears to be three critical elements that
shape our thought and reasoning processes and
how we display that in the form of safety
behavior (our actions)
1. How We Learn (educated and trained)
2. How we are Motivated and Influenced (to
do safety)
3. Ability to Focus and pay Attention (to the
task at hand)
First—set the stage with some current safety psychology principles.

29. Stab wounds

30. The Mental Side of Safety
An accident, injury or illness is the result of one
or both of the following
Unsafe acts (behavior)
Or
Unsafe conditions
It is the popular belief that behavior accounts
for 75-90% of all incidents

31. Mental state or brain dead

32. No hard hat you say

33. How is your first course coming

34. Basis for Unsafe Behavior
The consequence of behaving unsafely will nearly
always determine future unsafe behavior,
simply because reinforced behavior tends to be
repeated.
OR
If I do something (knowingly or unknowingly)
unsafe and don’t get hurt (and I get the job
done faster or cheaper), I will likely do it again
(until I do get hurt or am asked to correct to
stop [behavior]).

35. Why is that worker changing

36. Didn’t wear his respirator

37. Aside from your safety behavior
in the workplace, should your
employer care about your safety
off the job?
Why is it important to your
employer that good safety habits
carry over into your home life?

38. No first aid no poison numbers no
procedures no problem

39. Why is Safety Important at Work AND
Away From Work?
The four most common injuries and fatalities on the
job—falls, electrocution, struck-by and caught-in.
The first two causes are also major factors for
injuries and fatalities at home. Many hazards that
exist in the workplace also exist away from work.
Engrained safety behavior enables recognition and
avoidance of these hazards regardless of where
they exist

40. Why is Safety Important at Work AND
Away From Work?
• The mental strain caused by the loss of life or
serious injury to a co-worker.
• Costs—Whether on the job or at home,
unsafe behavior equates to large financial
consequences for both the employer and
employee.

41. NO!!
Luck has only a little to do with it.
A large part of your success has likely been
determined by the priority you, your co-
workers and your employer place on your
safety and the safety of others. This is
expressed in your safety behavior.

42. Three Primary Safety Behavior
Components
1. How we learn (training and
education programs)
2. How we are motivated or
influenced to behave safely
3. How we focus or pay attention to
instructions and tasks

43. Adults Will Remember…
• 10% of what we Hear
• 15% of what we See
• 20% of what we Both Hear & See
• 40% of what we Discuss with others
• 80% of what we Experience Directly or Practice
• 90% of what we attempt to Teach Others
The % increases as we “use” and take ownership of
our knowledge (training and experience).

44. So…How Does the Learning Aspect of my
Training Impact My Safety Behavior
• The quality of instruction and learning needs to be
evaluated to ensure effectiveness—DO NOT assume
everyone will comprehend and retain equally.
• A quality effective training program says the employer
values and is committed to the safety of the employee.
• Solid training programs that build a sense of personal
responsibility are considered successful and especially
if safe behavior is carried away from the jobsite—back
to your home!

45. Factors that Shape Motivation
Risk
The consequence of
behaving unsafely (RISK)
will nearly always
determine future
unsafe behavior, simply
because reinforced
behavior (no accident or
consequence) tends to
be repeated.

47. Factors that Shape Motivation
Risk
For the home, do you perceive the risk to be less
than on a jobsite?
At home we are removed from the construction
environment which may lead us to believe less
severe outcomes. However, a fall from 10 feet
likely would have the same outcome on the job
or at home if you are not using fall protection.

48. Factors that Shape Motivation
Physical, Emotional, Environmental
Sleep—the lack of sleep accounts for thousands of traffic and work
related accidents, injuries and deaths each year. If a lack of
sleep does not kill you it can slow you down and affect the
quality of your work.
Heat/cold—it is a demonstrated fact that heat, cold, humidity and
lack of sunlight affect our mental and physical desire
(motivation) to work.
Personal stress—events in your life (death, divorce, etc.) affect our
level of effort.
Medication/illegal drug use—alteration of attitude/behavior
All of these can contribute to someone having a “bad attitude”,
low motivation and likely unsafe behavior

50. Factors that Shape Motivation
Compliance and Consequence
”…if you don’t follow this procedure or use this piece of
safety equipment you will be fired”. Is there recourse or
consequence for reckless behavior (not following safety
policies, rules, etc.)?
Is such a policy fairly enforced, consistent and supported
by management?
The effectiveness of punishment is dependent upon its
consistency. It only works if it is given immediately, fairly
and every single time an unsafe act occurs.

51. Factors that Shape Motivation
Ethics
“The organizational ethical climate refers to the specific
shared perceptions of organizational practices and
procedures that define what is considered right or
wrong. This shared perception of the accumulated
expectations serves as a ready form of reference for
guiding the behaviors of its employees”.
Studies have shown where a strong ethical climate exists,
sound employee behavior follows.
Do your company’s guiding ethical principles motivate
good safety behavior?

52. Attention and Mental Focus
How many of you can honestly say that you
mentally focus on specific tasks on a jobsite?
Life would be a drag if we had to focus 100% of
the time on everything we did.
Skilled labor means, to a certain degree, that you
have developed such an expertise and
familiarity that it allows you to do many parts of
your job without “thinking”

54. Attention
A faster paced, media blitzed multitasking society
has had an affect on the attention spans of
younger people (i.e. cell phone, I-Pods, text
messaging, video games, Internet, etc.)? There
are more diagnosed cases of ADD than ever.
• The ability to focus during an activity usually
equates to a more efficient safer outcome—no
shortcuts or forgotten steps.
• Attention is an attribute that can be improved
with skills training.

55. Attention Improvement Techniques
• Reduce area stimuli—sights or sounds affect our
ability to focus (i.e. some people require near silence
to read and retain).
• Complete one task at a time—no multi-tasking.
• When distracted completely stop and then restart
the activity.
• Take breaks when mentally fatigued to “re-focus”.
• Work rested and check personal issues at the door or
take time off.

56. Wouldn’t it just be easier if…
“You will be the
safest employee
ever”