This presentation contains all my research on Business Communication: Non-Verbal Communication & Major Media of Oral Communication.
I made it as much descriptive, cognitive and user friendly as I could.
2. Non-Verbal Communication
AND
Major Media of Oral Communication
Presentation
on
Course Title: Business Communication
Course Code: BBA 0109
2Presented By: “Tahmid Zuhaer Siddique”
3. Submitted To:
Rumana Perveen,
Asst. Professor,
Department of Business Administration,
Northern University of Business and Technology,
Khulna.
3
Presented By: “Tahmid Zuhaer Siddique”
5. Profile 1:Name: Tahmid Zuhaer Siddique
Identification No: 01180110281
Semester: 3rd
Section: B
Department: BBA
Blood Group: O+
Phone Number: +8801765248309
Discussion:
Non-Verbal Communication
Types Of Non-Verbal Communication
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Presented By: “Tahmid Zuhaer Siddique”
6. Introduction
Communication is a process of information exchange through which people share their
thoughts, opinions, beliefs and emotions.
It can be defined as:
Communication is simply sending and receiving a message. It is originated from the
Latin word “Communicare” which means to:
i. To impart
ii. To participate
iii. To share
“Exchanging information between two or more persons to share their ideas, views,
thoughts and opinions is called communication”.
“When a Sender sends an encoded message through a channel to a receiver and the
receiver decodes it in order to provide a prompt feedback”.
What is Communication?
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Presented By: “Tahmid Zuhaer Siddique”
7. Many Scholars have defined communication as:
According to Keith Davis, “The process of passing the information and understanding
from one person to another. It essentially a bridge of meaning between the people. By
using the bridge a person can safely across the river of misunderstanding”.
According to American Management Association (A.M.A), “Communication is any
behavior that results in an exchange of meaning”.
Types of Communication:
On the basis of expressions, media and method communication can
be divided into two types:
Verbal Communication
Non-Verbal Communication
Introduction
What is Communication?
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Presented By: “Tahmid Zuhaer Siddique”
8. Non-Verbal Communication
What is Non-verbal Communication?
The term nonverbal communication was introduced in 1956 by psychiatrist Jurgen
Ruesch and author Weldon Kees in the book "Nonverbal Communication: Notes on the
Visual Perception of Human Relations."
We often use signs and gestures instead of spoken words to communicate. These non-
word communications basically belongs to the criteria non-verbal communications i.e.
every non-word communication is non-verbal communication.
It can be defined as :
“The type of communication which is not based on words is called non-verbal
communication. Body movements, expressions, signs, gestures, postures, touch, voice
patterns, sound patterns, color patterns etc. comprise non-verbal communication ”
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Presented By: “Tahmid Zuhaer Siddique”
9. Non-verbal communication refers to communication that occurs without words. The
followings are its examples: body movement, space, time, touch, voice pattern, color,
layout/ design of surroundings.
We communicate not only through words but also through other alternative Courses.
A receiver derives 93% of the meaning of a message through non-verbal
communication and only 7% through verbal communication. Among these:
Tone of voice occupies 38%
Facial expression occupies 55%
Non-Verbal Communication
55%
38%
7%
Facial Expression Tone of Voice Words
What is Non-verbal Communication?
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Presented By: “Tahmid Zuhaer Siddique”
11. Non-Verbal Communication
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I. Kinesics (Body Language):
The Study of Body Movement is called Kinesics.
The word kinesics comes from the root word
kinesis, which means “movement,” and refers to
the study of hand, arm, body, and face
movements.
It is a form of nonverbal communication that
refers to body movement.
It is the interpretation of body motion
communication such as facial expressions and
gestures, nonverbal behavior related to
movement of any part of the body or the body
as a whole.
It is an essential and intuitive way of non-verbal
communication.
11Presented By: “Tahmid Zuhaer Siddique”
12. Non-Verbal Communication
Our faces are the most expressive part of our bodies.
A proverb says, “Face is the index of mind.”
Facial Expressions are one of the key elements of
kinesics.
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Elements of Kinesics:
1.Facial Expressions:
Human Beings can show diverse facial
expressions leading to effective non-
verbal communication.
Facial expressions for happiness,
sadness, anger and fear are similar
throughout the world.
These are important aspects in
Interviews and Presentations. 12Presented By: “Tahmid Zuhaer Siddique”
13. Non-Verbal Communication
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Elements of Kinesics:
2.Oculesics (Eye Behavior):
“Oculesics” or “Eye Movement” or “Eye Contact” or “Eye
Behavior” indicates looking, gazing, staring and blinking
etc. important nonverbal behaviors.
“The eyes are a powerful non-verbal communication tool
that are never believed to lie”.
Looking at another person can indicate a range of
emotions including hostility, attention, interest, and
attraction.
Eye contact defines power and status and has a central
role in managing impressions of others.
It is an important aspect in educational, professional,
business and even emotional fields.
13Presented By: “Tahmid Zuhaer Siddique”
14. Non-Verbal Communication
Elements of Kinesics:
3.Gestures:
Gestures refers to visible bodily actions communicate
particular messages which include movement of the hands,
face, eyes, head or other parts of the body.
Common gestures include waving, pointing, and using fingers
to indicate numeric amounts.
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Culture-specific gestures
that can be used as
replacement for words,
such as the hand wave
used in western cultures
for “hello” and “goodbye”.
14Presented By: “Tahmid Zuhaer Siddique”
15. Non-Verbal Communication
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Elements of Kinesics:
4.Postures: Posture indicates the position in which we hold the
body when standing or sitting.
Postures say a lot about a human being.
Posture and movement can also convey a great deal
of information.
An open body that takes up a lot of space can
indicate comfort and dominion, whilst a closed-in
body that makes itself small can signal inferiority.
Imitating other people's posture shows agreement,
trust and liking.
There are four general human postures: standing,
sitting, squatting, and lying down (Hargie, 2011).
Within each of these postures there are many
variations, and when combined with particular
gestures or other nonverbal cues they can express
many different meanings.
15Presented By: “Tahmid Zuhaer Siddique”
16. Elements of Kinesics:
5.Personal Appearance:
Non-Verbal Communication
External appearances also play a vital role to communicate
others.
Our clothes dress provide a good visual signal to our interest,
age, personality, taste, and sex.
Consider differing cultural standards on what is attractive in
dress and on what constitutes modesty.
For example, seeing the dress of army officers, we can
easily determine the job status.
Our choice of color, clothing, hairstyles and other factors
affecting appearance are also considered a means of
nonverbal can evoke different moods.
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17. II. Proxemics (Spatial Distancing):
Non-Verbal Communication
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which are also important types of non-verbal
communication.
The physical distance between you and others
signals your level of intimacy and comfort.
If someone you don’t know stand too close or
touches too often, you will probably begin to feel
uncomfortable.
Proxemics tells us about two things: “Sender’s
relationship with receiver” and “How close they
are”.
17Presented By: “Tahmid Zuhaer Siddique”
18. Zones of Proxemics:
Non-Verbal Communication
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4.Public Distance:
12 feet-rangeof visionand hearing
Public distance is maintained incase
of unknown people. It is basically
used incase of long range
communications. Especially, when
the sender has to send a message to
a number of receivers. Ex: speeches,
public speakingetc.
3.Social Distance:
4 feet-12 feet
Social distance is for interactions
among acquaintances, strangers,
customers etc. It is mostly used in
workplace or school settings
where there might or might not be
any physical contact. Ex: Customers,
Visitorsetc.
2.Personal Distance:
18 inch-4 feet
Personal distance is for
interactions with close friends
and family members. Ex: Friends,
Peers,Relativesetc.
1.Intimate Distance:
0-18 inch
Intimate distance is used for
close encounters like
embracing, touching, or
whispering. Ex: Spouse, Children,
parents,veryclose friends etc.
Edward T. Hall named four zones of informal space:
18Presented By: “Tahmid Zuhaer Siddique”
19. III. Para Linguistics (Vocalics):
Non-Verbal Communication
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Paralinguistic refers to vocal communication that is separate
from actual language.
Paralanguage includes such vocal characteristics as rate (speed
of speaking), pitch (highness or lowness of tone), inflection,
volume (loudness), accent, tempo, rhythm and quality (pleasing
or unpleasant sound).
Repetition: Vocalic cues reinforce other verbal and nonverbal
cues (e.g., saying “I’m not sure” with an uncertain tone).
Complementing: Vocalic cues elaborate on or modify verbal
and nonverbal meaning (the pitch and volume used to say “I
love sweet potatoes” would add context to the meaning of the
sentence, such as the degree to which the person loves sweet
potatoes or the use of sarcasm).
Substituting: Vocalic cues can take the place of other verbal or
nonverbal cues (e.g., saying “uh huh” instead of “I am listening
and understand what you’re saying”).
Regulating: Vocalic cues help regulate the flow of conversations
(e.g., falling pitch and slowing rate of speaking usually indicate
the end of a speaking turn).
19Presented By: “Tahmid Zuhaer Siddique”
20. Elements of Para Linguistics :
Non-Verbal Communication
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5.Tempo & Rhythm:
Rhythms are the measured flow of
words and phrases in verse or prose
as determined by the relation of long
and short or stressed and unstressed
syllables. Whereas, tempo is the rate
or speed of motion or activity; pace.
Tempo and rhythm are co-related and
co-extensive elements of para
language. These are vital elements of
non verbal communication.
3.Volume: Volume simply refers
to quantity or power of sound;
degree of loudness. It is one of the
important elements of Para
Language. The louder you speak
the more attention from the
audience you get.
2.Pitch: The pitch of
the voice is defined as the
"rate of vibration of
the vocal folds" . The sound
of the voice changes as the
rate of vibrations varies.
1.Tone: Tone refers to the non verbal attitude of
the speaker towards his audience. The tone of
the speaker is a vital aspect in non-verbal
communication. Different people use different
tones in communication. Tone increases the
importance of a communication.
4.Accent: Accent is a distinctive way of
pronouncing a language, especially one
associated with a particular country, area, or
social class. An accent helps the audience to
understand and communicate with the sender
with ease provided the speaker uses the accent
his/ her audience is
familiar with.
20Presented By: “Tahmid Zuhaer Siddique”
21. IV. Chronemics (Time Language):
Non-Verbal Communication
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Chronemics refers to the study of how time affects
communication. Time can be useful in different non-verbal
communications of human Life.
Another type of non-verbal communication involves time. That
is how we give meaning to time communicates to other.
For example, begin late in work everybody a worker can be
considered as a man of carelessness but if a manager does it;
we say it is a symbol of power.
We know, time can play a vital role to reduce tension, conflict
among groups. It is said that- “Kill the time to delay the
justice”.
Time can be classified into several different categories,
including biological, personal, physical, and cultural time
Chronemics, involves the perception of time and how time is
used to define identities. How people structure their time and
react to time is a potent tool for communication.
21Presented By: “Tahmid Zuhaer Siddique”
22. Effects of Chronemics:
Non-Verbal Communication
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1.Punctuality: The timing of actions are
examples of how time can be perceived differently by
individuals. The timing of actions is called
punctuality. Punctuality in context of non-verbal
communication indicates the effects of chronemics
and precise use of time. EX: arriving at the office in
time, joining classes in time etc.
2.Willngness to wait: The length of time
that someone is willing to listen to somebody is the
person’s willingness to wait. Having the will to wait
and listen to someone else’s speech is very
important in communication. It is essentially an
effect of chronemics. Hence, it is vital to non-
verbal communication.
22Presented By: “Tahmid Zuhaer Siddique”
23. Effects of Chronemics:
Non-Verbal Communication
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4.Time to Listen to Others: During a communication the
receiver must take the time to listen to others. If he/she doesn’t take
enough time to listen to the speech provided he/she won’t be able to
understand it properly. The time to listen to others is effected by
chronemics which is an important type of non-verbal communication.
3.Speed of Speech: The speed at which a person speaks is called the speed of
speech. Speed of the speech is essential for the receiver to decode the message of the
speaker. The receiver must be able to maintain the pace of his listening with the
speaker's speed.
23Presented By: “Tahmid Zuhaer Siddique”
24. 1.Biological Time: Biological time refers to the rhythms
of living things. Humans follow a circadian rhythm, meaning
that we are on a daily cycle that influences when we eat,
sleep, and wake.
2.Cultural Time: Cultural time refers to how a large
group of people view time. Cultural time refers pension,
meaning of time, planning, insurance, agendas, overtime
compensations and meetings.
Categories of Chronemics:
Non-Verbal Communication
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3.Personal Time: Personal time refers to the ways in
which individuals experience time. The way we experience
time varies based on our mood, our interest level, and other
factors.
4.Physical Time: Physical time refers to the fixed cycles of
days, years, and seasons. Physical time, especially seasons,
can affect our mood and psychological states.
24Presented By: “Tahmid Zuhaer Siddique”
25. V. Aesthetics (Art and Culture):
Non-Verbal Communication
Aesthetic communication occurs through creative
expression.
Aesthetics in non-verbal communication are basically
art and culture which uses certain movements and
Vocalics to communicate.
This would include all the arts: music, dance, theatre,
crafts, art, painting, and sculpture.
Ball dance is a great example of this, as there is dance
and music, but no spoken or sung words.
Even in an opera, where there are no words, there are
still facial expressions, costumes, posture, and gestures.
Different Cultures inspire different aesthetics in non-
verbal communication. Ex: the marital status of a Hindu
female can be easily distinguished by the red vermilion
on her forehead.
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25Presented By: “Tahmid Zuhaer Siddique”
26. VI. Chromatics (Color and Design):
Non-Verbal Communication
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Chromatics refers to the study of colors in non-verbal
communication.
Colors, designs and layouts communicates with diversity in
topics expressing various meanings and ideas.
1.Colors:
Different colors
convey different
messages.
Colors represent
moods, attitude and
human behavior.
Some show positive
meanings and some
show negative.
Again, some show
both.
26Presented By: “Tahmid Zuhaer Siddique”
27. VI. Chromatics (Color and Design):
Non-Verbal Communication
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2.Design and Layout:
Design and Layouts are integral parts of Colors.
Designs and layouts convey various messages.
Designs indicate a certain structure.
The way in which the parts of something are
arranged or laid out is called layout.
Text, colors, chairs, tables, furniture and other
surrounding arrangements in an organization
represents layout.
27Presented By: “Tahmid Zuhaer Siddique”
28. VII. Haptics (Touch):
Non-Verbal Communication
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Haptics is the study of touch. Touch is the first type of nonverbal
communication we experience as humans and is vital to our
development and health.
Haptics is closely related to proxemics.
We use touch to share feelings and relational meanings.
Hugs, kisses, handshakes back slapping, high fives, a pat on the
shoulder, brushing an arm etc. demonstrate relational meanings and
indicate relational closeness.
The meaning conveyed from touch is highly dependent upon the
culture, the context of the situation, the relationship between
communicators, and the manner of touch.
In western society, touch is largely reserved for family and romantic
relationships.
Touch can be used to communicate affection, familiarity, sympathy,
and other Emotions.
These days almost every technologies are touch based on haptic
interactions (touch). So, we can also non-verbally communicate with
technologies
28Presented By: “Tahmid Zuhaer Siddique”
29. Elements of Haptics:
Non-Verbal Communication
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2.Intimate Haptics:
Intimacy like Friendship/warmth expresses
idiosyncratic relationships and emotional
attachment. The primary nonverbal
behavior that has the biggest effect on
interpersonal relationship is touch.
The amount of touching increases as a
relationship moves from impersonal to
personal.
3.Social Haptics: Social Haptics expresses
ritual interactions. The initial connection to
another person in a professional setting usually
starts off with a touch, specifically
a handshake. There are many areas in the United
States where a touch on the forearm is accepted
as socially correct and polite. However, in the
Midwest, this is not always an acceptable
behavior.
1.Functional Haptics: Functional/professional Haptics expresses task-
orientation in non verbal communication. Touching is the ultimate expression of
closeness or confidence between two people, but not seen often in business or
formal relationships. Touching stresses how special the message is that is being
sent by the initiator.
29Presented By: “Tahmid Zuhaer Siddique”
30. Elements of Haptics:
Non-Verbal Communication
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4.Haptic Technology: Haptic technology refers
to technology that uses touch to control and interact with
computers. A user may apply a sense of touch through
vibrations, motion or force. Haptic technology is used
mainly in creating virtual objects, controlling virtual
objects or in the improvement of the remote control of
machines and devices.
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30Presented By: “Tahmid Zuhaer Siddique”
31. Profile 2:Name: Afrina Binte Haque
Identification No: 01180110293
Semester: 3rd
Section: B
Department: BBA
Blood Group: B+
Phone Number: +880199502801
Discussion:
Oral Communication
Elements of Professional Talking
Speech
31Presented By: “Tahmid Zuhaer Siddique”
32. Major Media of Oral
Communication
When messages or information is exchanged or communicated
orally (words of mouth) it is called oral communication. It is a
word based communication system but in oral form.
Business organizations focus more on talking than writing.
Most of the oral communications are informal
According to Ricky W. Griffin, “Oral communication takes place in
face-to-face conversations, group discussions, telephone calls and
other circumstances in which spoken word is used to express
meaning”
According to Bovee and others, “Oral communication expresses
ideas through the spoken word.”
What is Oral Communication?
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32Presented By: “Tahmid Zuhaer Siddique”
33. Major Media of Oral
Communication
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Elements of Professional Talking:
There are mainly 4 basic elements of professional talking:
1.Voice Quality: Generally voice quality refers to the pitch
and resonance of the sounds made. But for our purposes,
speed and volume are included. Good voice quality is needed
for effective talking
2.Style: One of the most important elements
of good talking is style. Style of talking refers
to how the three parts of voice quality- pitch,
speed and volume blend together. It is the
unique way these parts combine to give
personality to one’s oral expression.
33Presented By: “Tahmid Zuhaer Siddique”
34. Major Media of Oral
Communication
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Elements of Professional Talking:
3.Word Choice: The quality of talking is word
choice. It depends or one’s vocabulary. The larger
the vocabulary, the more choices one has, we
should keep in mind the need for the recipient to
understand the words we choose.
4.Adaptation: Adaptation usually means adjusting
to something. This some can be a situation, an
event or even a person, Incase of professional
talking adaptation means adjusting the message
with the intended receiver. In a broader sense,
adaptation is adjusting the message to the receivers
level of understanding, perception, viewpoint etc. It
also involves voice variations. 34Presented By: “Tahmid Zuhaer Siddique”
35. Major Media of Oral
Communication
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Being Organized
Enthusiasm
The Human Factor
Sense of Humor
Calmness
Elements of Professional Talking:
There are 2 internal categories of elements in professional
talking: i)Significant Elements
ii)Critical Elements
35Presented By: “Tahmid Zuhaer Siddique”
36. Major Media of Oral
Communication
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Being Connected
Elements of Professional Talking:
Being Conversational
Being Yourself
Being Compelling
Being Original
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37. Major Media of Oral
Communication
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Speech is human vocal communication using Language.
Speech is a form of communication in spoken language, made by a speaker before an audience for a given
purpose.
The communication or expression of thoughts in spoken words is called speech.
The power of expressing or communicating thoughts by speaking is known as speech.
Speech is how we say sounds and words. Speech includes:
1.Articulation
How we make speech sounds using the mouth, lips, and tongue. For example, we need to be able to say the “r”
sound to say "rabbit" instead of "wabbit.”
2.Voice
How we use our vocal folds and breath to make sounds. Our voice can be loud or soft or high- or low-pitched. We
can hurt our voice by talking too much, yelling, or coughing a lot.
3.Fluency
This is the rhythm of our speech. We sometimes repeat sounds or pause while talking. People who do this a lot
may stutter.
What is Speech?
37Presented By: “Tahmid Zuhaer Siddique”
38. Choose Your Topic
Find The Purpose
Choose Words Wisely
Selecting Presentation Method
Consideration Of Personal Aspects
Audience Analysis
Appearance And Body Language
Focus On Message
Illustrate
Think In Pauses
Start Off With A Strong Introduction
End With A Firm Conclusion
Use Of Voice
Use Of Visual Aids
Major Media of Oral
Communication
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Making Formal Speech:
38Presented By: “Tahmid Zuhaer Siddique”
39. Major Media of Oral
Communication
Making Formal Speech:
1. Choose Your Topic: A good speech focuses on a message,
which needs to match the occasion. It should resonate well with
the audience's interests, and it should be important to the
listeners.
2. Find The Purpose: Why are you giving a speech on this topic?
("My teacher told me to!" or "I have to" is not a valid reason).
3. Choose Words Wisely: When giving a speech to 8th graders,
it's important to use words they will understand and
appreciate. Center your speech to your audience -- what do they
want to hear?
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39Presented By: “Tahmid Zuhaer Siddique”
40. Major Media of Oral
Communication
4. Selecting Presentation Method: There is much to consider in
deciding on an appropriate presentation method. A speaker has to
choose among the following presentation methods:
i. Extemporaneous
ii. Memorizing
iii. Reading
Making Formal Speech:
6.Audience Analysis:
Audience expectations
Knowledge of topic
Attitude toward topic
Audience size
Demographics
Voluntariness
Egocentrism
5. Consideration Of Personal Aspects:
Confidence
Sincerity
Thoroughness
Friendliness
Authenticity
Passion
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41. Major Media of Oral
Communication
Making Formal Speech:
8. Focus On Message: For some, it's easy to get side-tracked or
to try to tackle too many things at once. Your speech
has one message and it is the only thing that needs to be
addressed thoroughly. Don't focus on the details or, what's
worse, something completely unrelated. Your audience will be
left wondering what the heck is going on.
9. Illustrate: Make your descriptive and but easily understandable.
Your goal is to make the main points of your speech stick in the
minds of your audience.
7. Appearance And Body Language: Appropriate physical
appearances send various messages to the audience: respect,
regard, appreciation, sincerity, engaging attitude and issue
involvement. Your body language reveals important clues about
you, your message, and your relationship with your audience.
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42. Major Media of Oral
Communication
11. Start Off
With A Strong
Introduction:
Open with a big
statement that
will grab the
attention of the
audience.
Making Formal Speech:
10. Think In Pauses: Speeches need to be natural - not read off
of a paper. And when you talk, you have pauses. This is not
slowing you down or showing your weakness, it shows that you
have this down so well, you're talking about it like an old pro.
12. End With A Firm Conclusion: Conclude with a
powerful nail-down, summarizing what you came here to
say. Leave them with a question or thoughts of
implications; leave them with something
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43. Major Media of Oral
Communication
Making Formal Speech:
13. Use Of Voice: Every time you address an audience your mind, your body, and your voice act as
partners in your effort to communicate with your listeners. When you speak, your voice is the primary link
between you and your listeners. It is the medium of your message. The following faults affect voice:
i. Lack of pitch variation
ii. Lack of variation in speed
iii. Lack of vocal emphasis
iv. Unpleasant voice quality
14. Use Of Visual Aids: A visual aid is something that supplements
words with a picture, chart, or illustration. Looking at an image of the
brain and the optic nerve as you read about it is a good example of a
visual aid. It is a supplement to the words you're reading. Factors to be
considered:
I. Proper Use of design
II. Forms to consider
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43Presented By: “Tahmid Zuhaer Siddique”
44. Name: Nazmus Shakib
Identification No: 01180110301
Semester: 3rd
Section: B
Department: BBA
Blood Group: B+
Phone Number: +8801631687980
Profile 3:
Discussion:
Profile Of A Good Speaker
44Presented By: “Tahmid Zuhaer Siddique”
46. Major Media of Oral
Communication
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t
i
o
n
Profile of a Good Speaker:
Know-how: Great speakers need to know what ancient
wisdom and modern science have to say about the best practices
in constructing and delivering talks that work. If they don't know
this--they wander around in the dark trying to reinvent what was
long ago invented.
Enthusiasm: Part of being a good speaker is being
enthusiastic about the speech or presentation and distributing
that enthusiasm among the audience.
46Presented By: “Tahmid Zuhaer Siddique”
47. Major Media of Oral
Communication
D
e
s
c
r
i
p
t
i
o
n
Profile of a Good Speaker:
Sense Of Responsibility: A sense of responsibility is
needed to deliver a good speech, thus a sense of
responsibility is highly emphasized for a good speaker.
Sense Of Leadership: Since the speaker is also
leading a conference or a presentation and thus setting an
example for others, a sense of leadership is needed.
47Presented By: “Tahmid Zuhaer Siddique”
48. Major Media of Oral
Communication
Profile of a Good Speaker:
Passion And Purpose: A good speaker needs to
be driven and passionate about his topic because his
passion is what convinces the audience to accept his
speech.
Personality: A good speakers personality needs to be
warm, real, determined and accessible so that the
audience can crave intimacy with him.
D
e
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r
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p
t
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o
n
48Presented By: “Tahmid Zuhaer Siddique”
49. Major Media of Oral
Communication
Profile of a Good Speaker:
Creativity: A great speaker needs to create
presentations and speeches. She needs to say plain things
in interesting ways, and interesting things in plain ways.
Ability To Make Connections: Listeners live on
an island of their own interests. Great speakers build a
bridge to that island: They can make the conflict in
Ukraine rattle the dishes in your cupboard.
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e
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r
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p
t
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o
n
49Presented By: “Tahmid Zuhaer Siddique”
50. Major Media of Oral
Communication
D
e
s
c
r
i
p
t
i
o
n
Profile of a Good Speaker:
Ability To Speak Plainly: Great speakers keep it simple. They use
short sentences. They use everyday language to make complicated topics
clear and understandable. They don't show off their expertise by using a
specialized vocabulary.
Not Being Afraid To Fail: Like every other human being, great
speakers walk forward on two legs: trial and error. There is no such thing as
a perfect presentation. Every effort is a new experiment. Great speakers
must be willing to fail their way to success. A speaker who is not willing to
fail is not going to be great.
50Presented By: “Tahmid Zuhaer Siddique”
51. Major Media of Oral
Communication
D
e
s
c
r
i
p
t
i
o
n
Profile of a Good Speaker:
Taking Nothing Personally: Great speakers need rhino
hides. You need to be tough. You've got to believe in yourself and
your message, and even though your success depends on the
opinions of others, you can't care too much about what people think
of you.
Being Vulnerable: Vulnerability can help a speaker say a lot
without talking much. It can make him more sensitive, real, and
accessible, which are appealing traits, as long as he's not too wimpy.
51Presented By: “Tahmid Zuhaer Siddique”
52. Major Media of Oral
Communication
D
e
s
c
r
i
p
t
i
o
n
Profile of a Good Speaker:
An Aggressive Voice: Sometimes an aggressive voice is needed
to clarify a point or take control of a situation.
A Decent Wardrobe: The attire of a person represents
his/her personality and reflects his/her class. Leaders of large
companies and large Western nations tend to wear black shoes with
their conservative suits and ties. In certain regions, brown shoes are
permissible. As for women, formal business attire is a business suit
or pants suit, or dress and jacket.
52Presented By: “Tahmid Zuhaer Siddique”
53. Major Media of Oral
Communication
D
e
s
c
r
i
p
t
i
o
n
Profile of a Good Speaker:
A Sense Of Humor: You don't have to tell jokes, but
it's nice if you can come across as having a sense of warmth
and ease.
Stories To Tell: And yes, you should tell stories to
demonstrate who you are, and to illustrate your points. They
should be your own stories, not borrowed from another
source. Your own stories have a sterling ring of truth.
53Presented By: “Tahmid Zuhaer Siddique”
55. Major Media of Oral
Communication
D
e
f
i
n
i
t
i
o
n
Meeting:
A meeting is an event in which a group of people come
together to discuss things or make decisions.
It is an occasion where people come together to discuss or
decide something.
A meeting is an assembly of people for a particular purpose,
especially for formal discussion.
A meeting is a situation when two or more people meet, by
chance or arrangement.
A meeting is when two or more people come together to
discuss one or more topics, often in a formal or business
setting, but meetings also occur in a variety of other
environments.
55Presented By: “Tahmid Zuhaer Siddique”
56. Major Media of Oral
Communication
T
Y
P
E
S
Meeting:
Meetings can be classified into
6 main groups:
MeetingsFormal
Informal
Public Private
Committee
Company
56Presented By: “Tahmid Zuhaer Siddique”
57. Major Media of Oral
Communication
Meeting:
T
Y
P
E
S Formal Meeting: A formal meeting is a pre-planned
gathering of two or more people who have
assembled for the purpose of achieving a common
goal through verbal interaction.
Informal Meeting: The informal meeting is a
meeting where no pre –existing rules of
regulations are not followed.
57Presented By: “Tahmid Zuhaer Siddique”
58. Major Media of Oral
Communication
Meeting:
T
Y
P
E
S
Private Meeting: A private meeting only includes the
people who were explicitly invited when the
meeting was scheduled.
Public Meeting: Public meetings are held to engage
a wide audience in information sharing and
discussion.
58Presented By: “Tahmid Zuhaer Siddique”
59. Major Media of Oral
Communication
Meeting:
T
Y
P
E
S
Company Meeting: The company meeting is a
meeting where only company officials take part in
discussion.
Committee Meeting: A committee meeting is a
meeting where only members of a certain
committee take part.
59Presented By: “Tahmid Zuhaer Siddique”
60. Major Media of Oral
Communication
Meeting: There are also few other types of meetings:
T
Y
P
E
S
Status Update Meetings: Status
update meetings is one of the most
common meeting types. This category
includes regular team and project
meetings, where the primary goal is to
align the team via updates on progress,
challenges, and next steps.
60Presented By: “Tahmid Zuhaer Siddique”
61. Major Media of Oral
Communication
Meeting:
T
Y
P
E
SDecision Making Meetings: The vast majority of business
decisions are made by groups in meetings. While small decisions
are made in all kinds of meetings, the more important decisions
often get their own dedicated meetings. There are different types
of group decision making processes, and care should be taken to
choose a process that best matches the situation. A decision
making process can include group processes like information
gathering and sharing, brainstorming, solutions, evaluations,
options, ranking preferences, and voting.
61Presented By: “Tahmid Zuhaer Siddique”
62. Major Media of Oral
Communication
Meeting:
T
Y
P
E
S
Information Sharing Meetings:
The primary goal of these meeting is
for the speakers to share information
with the attendees. This could be
information about things
like upcoming changes, new products
and techniques, or in depth
knowledge of a domain.
• Team Building Meetings: All
meetings should contribute to team
building, strengthening relationships
and corporate culture. However, now
and then team building activities should
be the main focus for a meeting.
62Presented By: “Tahmid Zuhaer Siddique”
63. Major Media of Oral
Communication
Meeting:
T
Y
P
E
SInformation Sharing Meetings:
63Presented By: “Tahmid Zuhaer Siddique”
64. Major Media of Oral
Communication
Meeting:
T
Y
P
E
S• Problem Solving Meetings: Problem solving meetings
are perhaps the most complex and varied type of meetings.
Whether the meeting is addressing an identified problem, or
it is focusing on creating strategies and plans to navigate the
future, there are a rich arsenal of group processes that can
be used. Scopes and priorities need to be defined,
opportunities and threats need to be identified, and
possible solutions should be evaluated and agreed upon.
64Presented By: “Tahmid Zuhaer Siddique”
65. Major Media of Oral
Communication
Meeting:
T
Y
P
E
S
• Innovation Meetings: Innovation meetings and creative meetings often start with thinking outside the
box, by brainstorming, associating, and sharing ideas in a broad scope. Meeting participants can then use
various techniques and processes to reduce the diverse pool of ideas to a more focused short list. Through
ranking and decision making the most suitable idea, or ideas, are identified, and recommendations and
tasks can be assigned based on this.
65Presented By: “Tahmid Zuhaer Siddique”
67. Major Media of Oral
Communication
Conducting a Formal Meeting:
R
U
L
E
S
67Presented By: “Tahmid Zuhaer Siddique”
68. Major Media of Oral
Communication
Conducting a Formal Meeting:
The techniques of conducting a formal meeting can be divided into 3 steps:
T
E
C
H
N
I
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U
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S
1. Activities Prior toThe Meeting
a. Determination Of Objectives: The determination of the objective
of the meeting should be relevant and clear for the best outcome.
b. Invitations: The presider of
the meeting should consider
who is needed to achieve the
objective of the meeting and
invite them.
68Presented By: “Tahmid Zuhaer Siddique”
69. Major Media of Oral
Communication
Conducting a Formal Meeting:
T
E
C
H
N
I
Q
U
E
S
1. Activities Prior toThe Meeting
c. Notifications: Every participants should be notified about
the objective, agenda, venue, time, duration etc. aspects of
the meeting prior to it.
d. Creating An Agenda: To conduct a meeting the first
necessary activity is to create an agenda for the meeting.
e. Distributing An Agenda: The distribution of the meeting
agenda is vital to both the meeting and its integral
members.
69Presented By: “Tahmid Zuhaer Siddique”
70. Major Media of Oral
Communication
Conducting a Formal Meeting:
T
E
C
H
N
I
Q
U
E
S
2. Activities DuringThe Meeting
a. Starting On Time: The meeting is initiated at this stage. To make a
meeting fruitful it is essential to start on time. Punctuality motivates
employees.
b. Discussion: The purpose of a formal meeting is to discuss the list of
predetermined topics and address the set of objectives, and make
decisions relating to them.
c. Point of Order: A term of parliamentary law and procedure which
refers to an interjection during a meeting by a member, who does
not have the floor, to call the attention of the chair to an alleged
violation or breach of the assembly's or meeting's rules of order.
70Presented By: “Tahmid Zuhaer Siddique”
71. Major Media of Oral
Communication
Conducting a Formal Meeting:
T
E
C
H
N
I
Q
U
E
S
2. Activities DuringThe Meeting
d. Point of Information: In all meetings that
allow points of information, their use is restricted by
a number of rules to allow the speaker to maintain
control of their speech.
e. Activities Of The Chairperson: The chairperson will
outline the purpose of the meeting and remind
members why they are there. The chair controls the
meeting and all remarks are addressed through
him.
71Presented By: “Tahmid Zuhaer Siddique”
72. Major Media of Oral
Communication
Conducting a Formal Meeting:
T
E
C
H
N
I
Q
U
E
S
2. Activities DuringThe Meeting
f. Decision Making: This is the step when the decision is finally made, pointed
out and discussed with all the individuals in the meeting. This step allows the
participants to cast votes to select the best course of action.
g. Selecting the Course of Actions: This step involves selecting a particular
course of action among other alternatives by considering its pros and cons
and evaluating it.
h. Closing the Meeting: This when the meeting is finally ended meeting all its
agendas.
72Presented By: “Tahmid Zuhaer Siddique”
73. Major Media of Oral
Communication
Conducting a Formal Meeting:
T
E
C
H
N
I
Q
U
E
S
3. Activities AfterThe Meeting
a. Recording of The Meeting: Meeting records are the detailed
notes, video or audio recordings that serve as an official
written record of a meeting or conference. The person in charge of
the gathering usually asks one of the participants to tend to this
task. Due to the invention of modern technologies and of course
the internet recording a meeting has never been easier. Video
Cameras and other visual and audio devices are used to record
meetings nowadays. Participants in meeting uses their phones,
tabs, laptops etc. to record meetings these days. Besides, when its
an online video conference over Skype or Facebook messenger,
the meeting can be recorded more easily.
73Presented By: “Tahmid Zuhaer Siddique”
74. Major Media of Oral
Communication
Conducting a Formal Meeting:
T
E
C
H
N
I
Q
U
E
S
3. Activities AfterThe Meeting
b. Responsibilities Of The Chairman: Proper
distribution should be ensured by the chair. The
responsibilities of the chairman together ensures
proper distribution of work.
74Presented By: “Tahmid Zuhaer Siddique”
75. Major Media of Oral
Communication
Conducting a Formal Meeting:
T
E
C
H
N
I
Q
U
E
S
Here are some other Techniques of Conducting a Formal Meeting:
• Sticking To The Schedule: A key function of making a
meeting successful is sticking to the schedule.
• Give Everyone The Same Opportunities: The
presider of the meeting should always emphasize on giving
everyone the same opportunities to speak and ask questions
during the meeting.
OtherTechniques:
75Presented By: “Tahmid Zuhaer Siddique”
76. Major Media of Oral
Communication
Conducting a Formal Meeting:
T
E
C
H
N
I
Q
U
E
S
OtherTechniques
• Ban Technologies: Nowadays people tend to use
their smartphones to play games or scroll social
media before and sometimes during the meeting, to
stop it technology must be banned during the
meeting.
• Follow-up: Follow-up is the cornerstone of a
meeting, thus a strong follow-up is needed to
complete a successful meeting. 76Presented By: “Tahmid Zuhaer Siddique”
78. Major Media of Oral
Communication
D
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n
i
t
i
o
n
What is an Interview?
An interview is a formal meeting at which someone is
asked questions in order to find out if they are suitable for
a job or a course of study.
According to Kvale (1996: 174) an interview is “a
conversation, whose purpose is to gather descriptions of
the [life-world] of the interviewee” with respect to
interpretation of the meanings of the 'described
phenomena”.
78Presented By: “Tahmid Zuhaer Siddique”
79. Major Media of Oral
Communication
F
U
N
C
T
I
O
N
S
Interview: The 6 major functions of interviews are:
Interview obtains facts, opinion, or attitudes from the
candidate or interviewee.
Interviewer provides facts, opinions, or attitudes to
the interviewee.
The employment interview is an opportunity to hire
an interviewer. Whereas it is the opportunity to get a
suitable job for an interviewee.
79Presented By: “Tahmid Zuhaer Siddique”
80. Major Media of Oral
Communication
F
U
N
C
T
I
O
N
S
Interview:
In a case of a persuasive interview, interviewer tries to
persuade the interviewee to shape up attitude or
behavior.
Performance appraisal interview is taken to identify
the employee’s motivation, performance and morale
and to help encourage and reward employees.
The interview can recognize the performance of a
respondent under stress.
80Presented By: “Tahmid Zuhaer Siddique”
81. Major Media of Oral
Communication
T
Y
P
E
S
Interview:
Structural View
•Structured Interview
•Semi-structured Interview
•Unstructured Interview
Personal View
•Selection Interview
•Assessment Interview
•Promotion Interview
•Counseling Interview
•Exit Interview
•Stress Interview
81Presented By: “Tahmid Zuhaer Siddique”
82. Major Media of Oral
Communication
T
Y
P
E
S
Interview: Structural View
Structured Interview: Same questions for all candidates in
established format.
Semi-structured Interview: Questions about other areas of
interest beside main questions. It also follows an established
method.
Unstructured Interview: Follows no established Format.
82Presented By: “Tahmid Zuhaer Siddique”
83. Major Media of Oral
Communication
T
Y
P
E
S
Interview: Personal View
Selection Interview: In search for potential and suitable
candidates.
Appraisal Interview: Established to identify the employees
motivation, ambition and morale.
Promotion Interview: Used to measure the current
performance of the employees.
83Presented By: “Tahmid Zuhaer Siddique”
84. Major Media of Oral
Communication
T
Y
P
E
S
Interview: Personal View
Counseling Interview: Effectively finds out problems in order
to analyze and solve them.
Exit Interview: Finds out reasons to leave.
Stress Interview: Determines the capacity of an employee in
stress.
84Presented By: “Tahmid Zuhaer Siddique”
85. Major Media of Oral
Communication
T
Y
P
E
S
Interview: There are also some other types of interviews.
Here are some of the most widely usedmethods:
The Case Interview
A job interview in which the applicant is
presented with a challenging business
scenario that he/she must investigate
and propose a solution.
The Puzzle Interview
Puzzles, riddles, logical questions and
lateral thinking questions are asked.
TheTraditional Interview
Traditional Interviews are the most
common type of interviewing
85Presented By: “Tahmid Zuhaer Siddique”
86. Major Media of Oral
Communication
T
Y
P
E
S
Interview:
The Phone Interview
The Skype Interview
Before you interview in person with a hiring manager, you'll
likely be asked to do a phone interview. Phone interviews are
conducted just like in-person interview but it is done over the
phone
Recruiters often use Skype or
video calls to select candidates
for in-person interviews
86Presented By: “Tahmid Zuhaer Siddique”
87. Major Media of Oral
Communication
T
Y
P
E
S
Interview:
The Career Fair Interview
The Group Interview
The luncheon interview is an interview
which takes place over lunch.
Events where a number of
companies set up in a large
space and invite the public to
come in and interview on the
spot with potential employers.
The Luncheon Interview
One in which you are
interviewed together with other
candidates. There is usually
more than one interviewer
during this process.
87Presented By: “Tahmid Zuhaer Siddique”
88. Major Media of Oral
Communication
T
Y
P
E
S
Interview:
TheWorking Interview
The Firing Squad
The firing squad interview is an interview where
multiple interviewers ask questions randomly to
one interviewee.
A working interview gives the
employer a chance to see the
applicant's skills in action.
88Presented By: “Tahmid Zuhaer Siddique”
89. Conclusion
Non-Verbal communication is one of the most effective system of communications.
In some situations it is even more effective than a Verbal Communication.
From our discussion we have also learnt that Non-verbal communication can be found in almost every activity of our
lives one way or another.
From the movement of our little arms, legs (Gestures) and eyes (Oculesics) in our infancy to our physical
appearances, postures, formal interactions (Gestures), interactions with Smartphones (Haptics) etc. in our
Adulthood; everything is one or another form of Non-Verbal Communication.
On the other Hand, Major Media of Oral Communication such as Speeches, formal Meetings and Interviews etc. are
vital to an individuals professional and somewhat personal life.
Possessing the knowledge of these media in oral communication is essential and necessary in order for an individual
to succeed.
Hence, both Non-verbal Communication and Major Media of Oral Communication are essential and
important topics of Business Communication. With the knowledge in these things life becomes easier and work
efficiency and effectiveness increseses tremendously. In fact possessing any knowledge in Business Communication is
vital to this era and its fast pace of human life. Possessing these knowledges can help us reach brand new height sin
fields of business and its applications.
89Presented By: “Tahmid Zuhaer Siddique”