mswm

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2. WASTE
 Waste is an unavoidable by-product of most human
activity
 Waste includes all items that people no longer have any use
for, which they either intend to get rid of or have already
discarded
 Many items can be considered as waste e.g., household
rubbish, sewage sludge, wastes from manufacturing
activities, packaging items, discarded cars, old televisions,
garden waste, old paint containers etc
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3. PHYSICAL STATE
Solid
Liquid
Gas
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4. SOLID WASTE
Solid waste include all solids or semisolids materials
that the processor no longer considers of sufficient
value to retain
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5. Sources and types of solid wastes
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6. Contd…
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7. LIQUID WASTE
 Waste can come in non-solid form. Some solid waste
can also be converted to a liquid waste form for
disposal.
 Examples of liquid waste include wash water from
homes, liquids used for cleaning in industries and
waste detergents....
 Sewage includes domestic, municipal, or industrial
liquid waste products disposed of, usually via a pipe or
sewer
 It includes both point source non-point source wastes
such as storm water and waste water
 Almost all industries use water for some process and
finally discharge the waste water
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8. Contd…
Waste water contains following pollutants:
Acids and alkalies
Suspended solids
Toxic organic chemicals
Toxic inorganic chemicals
Non-toxic organic chemicals
Non-toxic inorganic chemicals
Materials that produce color, odor, turbidity and taste
Oil and grease
High temperature wastes
Radioactive materials
Foam producing wastes
Floating solids and liquid wastes
microorganisms
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9. SOURCES AND CHARACTERISTICS OF SOME WASTE
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10. GASEOUS WASTE
Gaseous waste comprises gases and small particles
emitted from open fires, incinerators, and vehicles, or
produced by agricultural and industrial processes
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11. SOURCES OF GASEOUS WASTES
 Cement Kiln Dust Waste: The gaseous waste resulting from the
manufacturing of cement and related products.
 Construction Waste: Solid, liquid and gaseous waste resulting from the
construction of new buildings or the demolition of old ones
 Industrial Waste: Gaseous wastes resulting from the manufacture of goods
 Mining Waste: All gaseous wastes resulting from mining and ore processing
 Municipal Waste: All gaseous wastes resulting from the consumption of
goods and services. This includes all junk durable goods, such as cars, washing
machines, etc
 Oil and Gas Waste: Gaseous wastes resulting from the discovery, extraction,
and processing of oil and natural gas. This includes drilling wastes
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12. Types of solid wastes
 Food wastes
 Rubbish
 Ashes and residues
 Demolition and construction wastes
 Special wastes
 Treatment plant wastes
 Agricultural wastes
 Hazardous wastes
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13. MUNCIPAL SOLID WASTE
 MSW is defined as any waste generated by household,
commercial and/or institutional activities and is not
hazardous Municipal solid waste (MSW), commonly
known as trash or garbage in the U.S. and as refuse or
rubbish in the UK, is a waste type consisting of
everyday items that are discarded by the public.
 Garbage" can also refer specifically to food waste, as
in a garbagedisposal; the two are sometimes collected
separately.
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14. FOOD WASTES
 Food wastes are the fruit, animal or vgetable residues
from the handling, preparation, cooking and eating of
food.
 The most important characteristics of these waste is
highly decayable and rapidly decomposable.
 Decomposition will lead to the development of
offensive odours.
 These wastes are generated at the residences,
cafeterias, restaurants, hospitals.
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15. Rubbish
 It consists of combustible and non-combustible wastes
of households, institutions, commercial activities etc
excluding food wastes.
 Combustible rubbish consists of cardboards,
papers,textiles, rubber, leather, wood , furniture etc.
 Non- combustible rubbish consists of items such as
glass, crockery, tin cans, aluminium cans,ferrous and
other non ferrous metals and dirt.
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16. ASHES AND RESIDUES
 Materials remaining from the burning of wood, coal,
coke and other combustible wastes in homes, stores,
institutions and industrial and muncipal facilities for
the purpose of heating, cooking and disposing of
combustible wastes are categorised as ashes and
residues.
 They are composed of fine powdery materils,cinders and
small amounts of burned and partially burned
materials.
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17. INDUSTRIAL WASTE
 Industrial waste is the waste produced by industrial activity which
includes any material that is rendered useless during a manufacturing
process such as that of factories, mills, and mining operations . Some
examples of industrial wastes are chemical solvents, paints, sandpaper,
paper products, industrial by-products, metals, and radioactive wastes
 Toxic waste, chemical waste, industrial solid waste and municipal solid
waste are designations of industrial wastes.
 Sewage treatment plants can treat some industrial wastes, i.e. those
consisting of conventional pollutants such as biochemical oxygen
demand (BOD).
 Industrial wastes containing toxic pollutants require specialized
treatment systems.
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18.  INDUSTRIAL WASTE INCLUDES:
 Manufacturing
 Mining
 Coal combustion
 Oil and gas production
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19. HAZARDOUS WASTE
Industrial and hospital waste is considered
hazardous as they may contain toxic substances.
 Hazardous wastes could be highly toxic to humans,
animals, and plants. They are
 Corrosive
 Highly inflammable, or explosive
 React when exposed to certain things e.g. gases
Household wastes that can be categorized as
hazardous waste include
 old batteries
 shoe polish
 paint tins
 old medicines
 medicine bottles.
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20.  Hospital waste contaminated by chemicals used in
hospitals is considered hazardous.
 These chemicals include formaldehyde and phenols,
which are used as disinfectants.
• In the industrial sector, the major generators of
hazardous waste are the metal, chemical, paper,
pesticide, dye, refining, and rubber goods
industries.
 Direct exposure to chemicals in hazardous waste
such as mercury and cyanide can be fatal.
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21. HOSPITAL WASTE
 Hospital waste is generated during the diagnosis,
treatment, or immunization of human beings or
animals
 It may include wastes like
 Sharps
 Soiled waste
 Disposables
 Anatomical waste
 Cultures
 Discarded medicines
 Chemical wastes
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22.  These are in the form of disposable syringes,
swabs, bandages, body fluids, human excreta, etc.
 This waste is highly infectious and can be a
serious threat to human health if not managed in
a scientific and discriminate manner
 It has been roughly estimated that of the 4 kg of
waste generated in a hospital at least 1 kg would
be infected
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23. RADIOACTIVE WASTE
 Radioactive waste is any material that is either
radioactive itself or is contaminated by radioactivity,
for which no further use is envisaged.
 Government policy means that certain nuclear
materials such as uranium, plutonium and spent
nuclear fuel have not been declared as wastes by their
owners
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24. TREATMENT PLANT WASTES
 The solid and semi solid wastes from water, wastes
from water and industrial waste treatment facilities are
included in this classification.
 At present, their collection is not the change of most
muncipal agencies responsible for the solid waste
management
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25. DEMOLITION AND CONSTRUCTION
WASTES
 Wastes from razed buildings and other structures are
classified as demolition wastes.
 Wastes from the construction, remodeling and
repairing of individual residences, commercial
buildings and other structures are classified as
construction wastes.
 The quantities produced are difficult to estimate and
variable in composition, but may include
dirt,stones,concrete, bricks, plaster,plumbing,heating
and electrical parts.
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30. E- WASTE
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31. THANK YOU
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