Artificial intelligence (AI) is the intelligence exhibited by machines. In computer science, an ideal "intelligent" machine is a flexible rational agent that perceives its environment and takes actions that maximize its chance of success at an arbitrary goal.Colloquially, the term "artificial intelligence" is likely to be applied when a machine uses cutting-edge techniques to competently perform or mimic "cognitive" functions that we intuitively associate with human minds, such as "learning" and "problem solving".The colloquial connotation, especially among the public, associates artificial intelligence with machines that are "cutting-edge" (or even "mysterious"). This subjective borderline around what constitutes "artificial intelligence" tends to shrink over time; for example, optical character recognition is no longer perceived as an exemplar of "artificial intelligence" as it is nowadays a mundane routine technology.Modern examples of AI include computers that can beat professional players at Chess and Go, and self-driving cars that navigate crowded city streets. AI research is highly technical and specialized, and is deeply divided into subfields that often fail to communicate with each other. Some of the division is due to social and cultural factors: subfields have grown up around particular institutions and the work of individual researchers. AI research is also divided by several technical issues. Some subfields focus on the solution of specific problems. Others focus on one of several possible approaches or on the use of a particular tool or towards the accomplishment of particular applications.

1. Artificial IntelligenceArtificial Intelligence
byby
Aamir Saleem AnsariAamir Saleem Ansari
www.techora.net

2. THE HUMAN BRAINTHE HUMAN BRAIN
TEST…TEST…

3. Something Rotating or NOT?Something Rotating or NOT?

4. Moving or NotMoving or Not

5. Want to confuse your eyes with brainWant to confuse your eyes with brain

6. PARALLEL OR NOT?PARALLEL OR NOT?

7. Concentrate On The Cross In The MiddleConcentrate On The Cross In The Middle

8. Just Focus on 4 dots.Just Focus on 4 dots.

9. What is AI?What is AI?
 Artificial intelligenceArtificial intelligence can be thought of ascan be thought of as
constructing computer models of humanconstructing computer models of human
intelligenceintelligence
Recognising a face.Recognising a face.
Navigating a busy street.Navigating a busy street.
Understanding what someone says.Understanding what someone says.
 All tasks require reasoning onAll tasks require reasoning on
knowledge.knowledge.

10. Who does AI?Who does AI?
 Many disciplines contribute to createMany disciplines contribute to create
intelligent entities:intelligent entities:
 Computer ScienceComputer Science
 Psychology (human reasoning)Psychology (human reasoning)
 Philosophy (nature of belief etc)Philosophy (nature of belief etc)
 Languages (Lisp & Prolog)Languages (Lisp & Prolog)
 Human Biology (how brain works)Human Biology (how brain works)

11. Typical AI ProblemsTypical AI Problems
 Everyday tasks - consider going shopping:Everyday tasks - consider going shopping:
 Planning a route!Planning a route!
 Recognising buses, people.Recognising buses, people.
 Communicating through natural language.Communicating through natural language.
 Navigating obstacles on the street.Navigating obstacles on the street.
 Expert tasks are things like:Expert tasks are things like:
 Medical Diagnosis.Medical Diagnosis.
 Equipment repair.Equipment repair.

12. Could AI Stop This?Could AI Stop This?

13. Can We Build Artificial People?Can We Build Artificial People?
•Historical attempts
•Roots of Modern Technology
•The modern quest for robots
•Us vs. Them

14. Historical Attempts - FrankensteinHistorical Attempts - Frankenstein
The original story,
published by Mary
Shelley, in 1818,
describes the attempt of
a true scientist, Victor
Frankenstein, to create
life.

15. Historical Attempts - EuphoniaHistorical Attempts - Euphonia
Joseph Faber's Amazing Talking Machine
(1830-40's).

16. Historical Attempts - RURHistorical Attempts - RUR
"CHEAP LABOR. ROSSUM'S ROBOTS."
"ROBOTS FOR THE TROPICS. 150 DOLLARS
EACH."
"EVERYONE SHOULD BUY HIS OWN ROBOT."
"DO YOU WANT TO CHEAPEN YOUR OUTPUT?
ORDER ROSSUM'S ROBOTS"
In 1921, Karel produced the play R.U.R.
(Rossum's Universal Robots).
Robota actually means "forced workers"
or "slaves."

17. The Roots of Modern TechnologyThe Roots of Modern Technology
 Beads on Rods to count and calculateBeads on Rods to count and calculate
 Still widely used in Asia!Still widely used in Asia!

18.  Slide Rule 1630Slide Rule 1630
 used until 1970sused until 1970s

19. In 1642 Pascal built an Adding Machine

20.  First storedFirst stored
program - metalprogram - metal
cardscards
 First computerFirst computer
manufacturingmanufacturing
 Still in use today!Still in use today!

21.  Analytical Engine 1833Analytical Engine 1833
 could store numberscould store numbers
 powered by steam!powered by steam!

22. UNIVAC – 1951UNIVAC – 1951
UNIVersal Automatic ComputerUNIVersal Automatic Computer
 first fully electronicfirst fully electronic digitaldigital
computer built in the U.S.computer built in the U.S.
 Created at the University ofCreated at the University of
PennsylvaniaPennsylvania
 ENIAC weighed 30 tonsENIAC weighed 30 tons
 contained 18,000 vacuumcontained 18,000 vacuum
tubestubes
 Cost a paltry $487,000Cost a paltry $487,000

23. Grace Hopper (1906-1992)Grace Hopper (1906-1992)
 Programmed UNIVACProgrammed UNIVAC

24. First GenerationFirst Generation - 1940 – 1950- 1940 – 1950
Vacuum TubesVacuum Tubes
 Expensive, bulky, unreliable and moreExpensive, bulky, unreliable and more
power used to run these computerspower used to run these computers
 Used punched card / tapes, magneticUsed punched card / tapes, magnetic
drum memories.drum memories.
 Machine Language usedMachine Language used

25. Second GenerationSecond Generation - 1950 – 1960- 1950 – 1960
TransistorTransistor
 Smaller, faster &Smaller, faster &
cheaper and morecheaper and more
reliable and energy-reliable and energy-
efficient thanefficient than
vacuum tubesvacuum tubes
 Assembly, FortranAssembly, Fortran
& COBOL used& COBOL used

26. Third GenerationThird Generation - 1960 – 1970- 1960 – 1970
Integrated CircuitsIntegrated Circuits
 Speed and efficiency increasedSpeed and efficiency increased
 Keyboard and monitor usedKeyboard and monitor used
 Operating System run the computersOperating System run the computers

27. Integrated CircuitsIntegrated Circuits

28. Fourth GenerationFourth Generation - 1970 – Present- 1970 – Present
MicroprocessorMicroprocessor
 Graphics and mouseGraphics and mouse
 Hand held devicesHand held devices
 Embedded computingEmbedded computing
 PCs at homePCs at home
 Apple II released 1977Apple II released 1977
 widely used in schoolswidely used in schools

29. Fifth Generation-Fifth Generation-Present & BeyondPresent & Beyond
Artificial IntelligenceArtificial Intelligence
 Voice Input / OutputVoice Input / Output
 Natural Language Input / OutputNatural Language Input / Output
 Parallel ComputingParallel Computing

30.  Grid ComputingGrid Computing
 Nano TechnologyNano Technology
 Quantum ComputingQuantum Computing
 DNA ComputingDNA Computing
Looking into the FutureLooking into the Future

31. How Will We Recognize AI?How Will We Recognize AI?
1990 Loebner Prize established. Grand
Prize of $100,000 and a Gold Medal for the
first computer whose responses just like a
human.

32. Were Newell and Simon Right?Were Newell and Simon Right?
•1957 Newell and Simon predicted
that a computer will beat a human
at chess.

33. Chess TodayChess Today
In 1997, Deep Blue beat Gary Kasparov.

34. Robotics - TortoiseRobotics - Tortoise
1950 W. Grey Walter’s light seeking tortoises. In
this picture, there are two, each with a light source
and a light sensor. Thus they appear to “dance”
around each other.

35. Robotics – Hopkins BeastRobotics – Hopkins Beast
1964 Its goal was to find power outlets.

36. Robotics - ShakeyRobotics - Shakey
1970 Shakey (SRI)
remote-controlled
computer, which
formulated plans for
moving and acting.

37. Robotics – Stanford CartRobotics – Stanford Cart
1971-9 Stanford cart.
Remote controlled by
person or computer.
1971 follow the white
line
1975 drive in a straight
line by tracking skyline
1979 get through
obstacle courses.

38. Planning vs. ReactingPlanning vs. Reacting
1979 – in “Fast, Cheap and Out of Control”
The Ant, has 17 sensors. They are designed
to work in colonies.

39. Robotics - DanteRobotics - Dante
In 1993, eight
volcanologists were killed
in two separate events
while sampling and
monitoring volcanoes.
1994 Dante explored the
High-temperature, gas by
volcano.

40. Robotics – Mars RoverRobotics – Mars Rover

41. Sand Storm Robot Car RaceSand Storm Robot Car Race
In 2004 - An Unmanned offroad race,
142 miles from Barstow to Las Vegas.

42. Soccer Match by Robot DogsSoccer Match by Robot Dogs
1997 – First official Cup soccer match
Picture from 2003
competition

43. Human like RobotHuman like Robot
Humanoid intelligence

44. The Differences BetweenThe Differences Between
Us and ThemUs and Them
•Emotions
•Understanding
•Consciousness

45. Robot EmotionsRobot Emotions
SAD SURPRISE

46. UnderstandingUnderstanding

47. ConsciousnessConsciousness
Perception

48. Educational ImpactEducational Impact
 Machines in the classroom would beMachines in the classroom would be
teachersteachers
 Machines may motivate or inspireMachines may motivate or inspire
studentsstudents

49. Medical ImpactMedical Impact
 Doctors and nurses uses AI for TreatmentDoctors and nurses uses AI for Treatment
 Silicon chips to replace damaged nerve cellsSilicon chips to replace damaged nerve cells
 You can operate human on moon from the earthYou can operate human on moon from the earth

50. Military ImpactMilitary Impact
 Laser and particle beam weaponsLaser and particle beam weapons
 Smart weaponsSmart weapons
 Planes without pilotsPlanes without pilots

51. Human Vs ComputerHuman Vs Computer
 Computational tasksComputational tasks
 Computers are better than humansComputers are better than humans
 Recognition tasksRecognition tasks
 Humans are better than computersHumans are better than computers
 Reasoning tasksReasoning tasks
 Require a large amount of knowledgeRequire a large amount of knowledge
 Humans are far better than computersHumans are far better than computers

52. Islam & AIIslam & AI
In Islam, God created man in hisIn Islam, God created man in his
own imageown image
So:So:
How can man create artificial lifeHow can man create artificial life
if God is the creator of life?if God is the creator of life?

53. THANKS….THANKS….
Q & A If Any…Q & A If Any…
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