Global warming and climate change in brief

1. GLOBAL
WARMING
AND CLIMATE
CHANGE

2. OUR GROUP
Vedant Mondkar Ayush Malaye Sagar Mude
Prajwal Narnaware
Mahesh Pachare
G R O U P
INDRODUCTION
OF TOPIC
CAUSES AND
ANYALISICS
IMPACT OF
CLIMATE CHANGE
SOLUTION AND
CONCLUSION
PROJECT

3. Throughout its long history, Earth has warmed and cooled time and
again. Climate has changed when the planet received more or less
sunlight due to subtle shifts in its orbit, as the atmosphere or
surface changed, or when the Sun’s energy varied. But in the past
century, another force has started to influence Earth’s climate:
humanity, Industrial Revolution and many factors.
GLOBAL
WARMING
AND CLIMATE
CHANGE

4. What is
Global
Warming?
Here's a simple definition of global warming
Global warming is the unusually rapid increase in Earth’s average surface temperature .
over the past century primarily due to the greenhouse gases released by people burning
fossil fuels.
(And yes, it's really happening.) Over the past 50 years, the average global temperature
has increased at the fastest rate in recorded history(NASA).
And the trend is still accelerating.
And biggest reason for this are human .

5. GLOBAL
WARMING
It is caused mostly by increasing concentrations of greenhouse gases
(ex. Carbon Dioxide,Methane,Nitrous Oxide) in the atmosphere. Global
warming is causing climate patterns to change. However, global
warming itself represents only one aspect of climate change.

6. CLIMATE
CHANGE ?
Climate change refers to any significant change in the measures of
climate lasting for an extended period of time. In other words,
climate change includes major changes in temperature,
precipitation, or wind patterns, among other effects, that occur
over several decades or longer.
Small changes in the average temperature of the planet can
translate to large and potentially dangerous shifts in climate and
weather.
The evidence is clear. Rising global temperatures have been
accompanied by changes in weather and climate. Many places have
seen changes in rainfall, resulting in more floods, droughts, or
intense rain, as well as more frequent and severe heat waves.
The planet's oceans and glaciers have also experienced some big
changes – oceans are warming and becoming more acidic, ice caps
are melting, and sea levels are rising.
CLIMATE CHANGE IS
HAPPENING

7. Humans are largely
responsible for
recent climate
change
Over the past century, human activities have released large amounts of
carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases into the atmosphere. The
majority of greenhouse gases come from burning fossil fuels to produce
energy, although deforestation, industrial processes, and some
agricultural practices also emit gases into the atmosphere.
REFRENCE LINK :-https://archive.epa.gov/epa/climatechange/climate-change-basic-information.html

8. CAUSES OF
CLIMATE
CHANGE
Climate change occurs when carbon dioxide (CO2) and other air pollutants
and greenhouse gases trapped in the atmosphere and absorb sunlight and
solar radiation that have bounced off the earth’s surface. Normally, this
radiation would escape into space, but these pollutants, which can last for
years to centuries in the atmosphere, trap the heat and cause the planet to
get hotter. That's what's known as the GREENHOUSE EFFECT.

9. DEFORESTATION
Forests store enormous amounts of carbon, essentially removing it
from the air and preventing it from being absorbed into the
atmosphere. Millions of acres of forest are cleared every year, whether
to harvest wood for making lumber or paper, to clear land for farming
and ranching or to make way for residential and industrial areas.
deforestation decreases biodiversity, which can cause ripple effects
throughout entire ecosystems, putting whole species at risk. Up to
one-fifth of global greenhouse gas pollution comes from deforestation
and forest degradation.
Animals, particularly livestock like sheep and
cattle, produce methane, a greenhouse gas. When
livestock are grazed at a large scale, the amount
of methane produced is a big contributor to
global warming. Industrial farming and ranching
releases huge levels of methane and carbon
dioxide into the atmosphere
AGRICULTURE & FARMING

10. INDUSTRIALIZATION & POWERPLANT
The transition of economies from primarily farming-
based to primarily industrial is likely to have been the
earliest cause of the rampant global warming we see
today. Research suggests global warming was kicked off
partly by the Industrial Revolution in the U.S. and other
countries, which occurred in the mid-19th century.
Forty percent of U.S. carbon dioxide emissions stem
from electricity production. Ninety-three percent of
the electric industry emissions result from burning
coal. According to the EPA coal-fired power plants,
municipal and medical waste incineration account
for two-thirds of U.S. mercury emissions.

11. Travel & Transportation
The vast majority of vehicles on the road (and
in the air and water) are powered via fossil
fuels, such as gasoline. As they burn this fuel
to power their engines, these vehicles release
carbon and other pollutants, affecting both air
and water quality.
VOLCANIC ERUPTION
Volcanoes expel large quantities of carbon dioxide
when they erupt. Volcanoes have an overall small
effect on global warming and an eruption causes a
short-term global cooling as ash in the air reflects
greater amounts of solar energy.

12. FERTILIZERS
The use of nitrogen-rich fertilizers
increases the amount of heat cropland can
store. Nitrogen oxides can trap up to 300
times more heat than carbon dioxide. Sixty-
two percent of nitrous oxide released comes
from agricultural by-products.
GARBAGE
As trash breaks down in landfills, it
releases methane and nitrous oxide gases.
Approximately eighteen percent of methane
gas in the atmosphere comes from waste
disposal and treatment.

13. GLOBAL TEMPERATURE ANOMALIES
FROM 1880 TO 2019

14. IMPACTS OF
CLIMATE CHANGE

15. Ice is melting worldwide, especially at the
Earth’s poles. This includes mountain glaciers,
ice sheets covering West Antarctica and
Greenland, and Arctic sea ice.
IMPACT ON GLACIERS
When temperature rises and ice melts, more
water flows to the seas from glaciers and ice
caps, and ocean water expands in volume. This
combination of effects has played the major role
in raising average global sea level between four
and eight inches (10 and 20 centimetres) in the
past hundred years, according to
the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate
Change (IPCC).

16. ARCTIC SEA ICE IS ALSO
IN DANGER
• The Arctic Ocean may be ice-free in the summer as
soon as the 2050s, unless emissions are reduced, the
committee has said.
• The extent of Arctic sea ice in 2019 was tied with 2007
and 2016 as the second lowest on record. The
maximum extent, reached in March 2019, was tied with
2007 as the seventh lowest in the 40-year satellite
record.
https://www.bbc.com/news/science-environment-46384067
Sea ice has been reducing for decades, with melting
accelerating since the early 2000s, according to UK
Parliament's Environmental Audit Committee.

17. TEMPERATURE
EFFECT
• Increase in average temperature
• More extreme heat waves during the summer
less extreme cold spells during the winter
• Harmful to those heart problems, asthma
Global warming increases in the frequency of extreme
events which eventually related to deaths, injury, and
stress related disorders
CLIMATE SENSITIVE DISEASE
Increase the risk of some infectious disease (such as :
Malaria, dengue fever, yellow fever etc.)
As temperatures change, many species on the move

18. TEMPERATURE INCREASING DAY BY DAY
The world is now nearly one degree warmer
than it was before widespread
industrialisation.
National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
The global average temperature for the first 10
months of 2018 was 0.98OC above the levels of
1850-1900, according to graph global data sets
If this trend continues, temperatures may rise
by 3-50C by 2100.
One degree may not sound like much, but, if
countries fail to act, the world will face
change - sea levels will rise, ocean
temperatures and acidity will increase and our
ability to grow crops, such as rice, maize and
wheat, would be in danger
1882

19. Climate change affects all the three aspects of food security: availability, access and absorption. When
production decreases, availability of food decreases. Climate change hits poor the most. They don’t have
income to buy the food, so their access to it is affected. This, in turn, has an impact on health and affects
absorption.
According to CRIDA, climate change has about 4-9 per cent impact on agriculture each year. As agriculture
contributes 15 per cent to India’s GDP, climate change presumably causes about 1.5 per cent loss in GDP.
IMPACTS OF CLIMATE CHANGE ON AGRICULTURE
https://www.downtoearth.org.in/news/agriculture/climate-change-causes-about-1-5-per-cent-loss-in-india-s-gdp-57883
Central Research Institute for Dryland Agriculture

20. So how can each of
us slow down global
warming
and climate change
now?

21. Reduce our consumption
of fossil fuels
Use Alternate Transportation
• Consider taking public transportation
like bus, train
• Walking or riding your bike gives you
exercise while saving fossil fuel
Green Your Car
• Replacing an older vehicle with a more
fuel-efficient car is an investment that
saves on fossil fuel usage
• The best way to way to green your car
Using electrical vehicles

22. Power your home with The most common renewable power technologies include
• Solar Energy
• Wind Energy
• Biogas (e.g., landfill gas/wastewater treatment digester gas)
• Geothermal
• Biomass
• Low-impact hydroelectricity
• Emerging technologies
USE RENEWABLE
ENERGY
Wave and tidal power Local governments can lead by
example by generating energy on–site, purchasing green
power, or purchasing renewable energy. Using a
combination of renewable energy options can help meet
local government goals especially in some regions where
availability and quality of renewable resources vary.

23. REDUCE WASTAGE OF WATER
Saving water reduces carbon pollution, too. That's because
it takes a lot of energy to pump, heat, and treat your water.
● Take shorter showers,
● Turn off the tap while brushing your teeth
● Switch to Water Sense - labelled fixtures and
appliances
● Collecting and using rainwater.
On top of this, using less warm water makes it possible to
reduce greenhouse gas emissions because it avoids the
need to generate energy to heat the water.
By taking steps to consume less water when products are
made and used, we can make sure water remains a human
right and does not become a luxury.
https://www.henkel.com/spotlight/2020-03-20-saving-water-and-tackling-climate-change-1046204

24. OTHER SOLUTIONS
Government laws to limit
the production of pollutants
Carry out energy saving
scheme
Reduce , Reuse and recycle
culture
Plantation, forestation

25. The conclusion is that natural systems around the world are being
affected by regional climate changes, particularly temperature
increases, and that these temperature increases are very likely to
be the result of harmful emissions of greenhouse gases.
It is impossible to stop the global warming, but people still can
reduce and slow down this problem.
CONCLUSION

26. https://archive.epa.gov/epa/climatechange/climate-change-basic-
information.html
https://www.nationalgeographic.com/environment/global-
warming/global-warming-effects/
Graph:
https://www.bbc.com/news/science-environment-
46384067
https://www.wwf.org.au/what-we-do/climate
United Nations, Climate Change. (Undated). Retrieved
from http://www.un.org/en/sections/issues-
depth/climate-change/index.html
Environmental Protection Agency, Source of Greenhouse
Gas Emissions. (Undated.) Retrieved
from https://www.epa.gov/ghgemissions/sources-
greenhouse-gas-emissions
https://www.reusethisbag.com/articles/10-human-causes-
of-global-warming
https://sciencing.com/
Nature, International Journal of Science. (2017).
Retrieved
from https://www.nature.com/articles/nature19082
International Energy Agency, CO2 Emissions Statistics.
(2018). Retrieved
from https://www.iea.org/statistics/co2emissions/
01
03
02
04
VEDANT
AYUSH M
PRAJWAL N
MAHESH P
https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/10-
solutions-for-climate-change/

27. To build a real-time
Pollution Tracker
EVS PROJECT

28. • Python 3.8.3
Programming Language
• PyCharm
REQUIREMENT

29. AQI(AIR QUALITY INDEX):
An air quality index is used by government agencies to communicate to the
public how polluted the air currently is or how polluted it is forecast to
become. Public health risks increase as the AQI rises. Different countries have
their own air quality indices, corresponding to different national air quality
standards. It is measured in µg/m3.

30. Air Quality Index
UNHEALTHY
UNHEALTHY FOR SENSITIVE
GROUPS
MODERATE
GOOD
301-500
201-300
151-200
101-150
51-100
0-50
HAZARDOUS
VERY UNHEALTHY

31. PM10 and PM2.5:
PM stands for Particulate Matter. PM2.5 and PM10 are minute particles present in the
air and exposure to it is very harmful for health. When the level of these particles
increases and penetrate deeply in to the lungs, we can experience number of health
impacts like breathing problem, burning or sensation in the eyes etc. Particle pollution
consists of PM2.5 and PM10 which are very dangerous. It is measured in micro
grams/cubic meter.

32. TERM TO SHOW IN OUTPUT
Abbreviation Description
O3
Ozone Level
NO2 Nitrogen Dioxide
h Humidity Level
dew Dew Level
CO Carbon Monoxide
wg Pressure
t Temperature
SO2 Sulphur Dioxide
pm10 Particle with diameter of 10
micrometre
pm2.5 Particle with diameter of 2.5
micrometre

33. SAMPLE
OUTPUT

34. ANOTHER
OUTPUT