1. What is excavation?
is a man-made cut in the ground which
creates a depression in the earth.
is one of the most dangerous kinds of
outdoor construction.
EXCAVATION
PARENA, JELLONIEL M.
BUILDING TECHNOLOGY – 1 / 7: 00 – 8:00

2. Types of Excavation
 Research excavation - When time and resources are obtainable to
excavate the site fully and at a relaxed pace. These are now
approximately completely the preserve of academics or concealed
societies who could even muster sufficient volunteer labor and
funds. The size of the excavation could as well be determined by the
director as it goes on.
 . Development-led excavation - Undertaken by expert
archaeologist when the site is endangered by building development.
Normally funded by the developer meaning, which time is more of a
factor as well as its being paid attention only on areas to be affected
by building.
EXCAVATION
PARENA, JELLONIEL M.
BUILDING TECHNOLOGY – 1 / 7: 00 – 8:00

3. Types of Soil for Excavation
 Loose Soils and Non-cohesive Soils are usually excavated using a
clam-shell bucket and a pay-loader. Non-cohesive soil is sandy or made out
of gravel.
 Cohesive soils need a power shovel or a pull shovel since these soils
can be very heavy and difficult to move with many other kinds of heavy
machinery. Pull shovels can sometimes dig when there are objects blocking
the shovel's path. Bulldozers are sometimes used to excavate cohesive
soils and scrapers are used for very large excavations. Cohesive soils are
clay, silt clay, sandy clay and clay loam.
 Wet Soils - Draglines are used to excavate very moist soil. The machinery
is placed on one or two stable spots and the wet soil is then dragged out,
according to Construction Topic. In some cases, the soil must be drained,
especially of the soil is submerged in water.
EXCAVATION
PARENA, JELLONIEL M.
BUILDING TECHNOLOGY – 1 / 7: 00 – 8:00

4. Equipment Used for Excavation
Shovel is one of the
most common
excavation tools,
especially for soil
when it comes with
smaller excavations.
EXCAVATION
PARENA, JELLONIEL M.
BUILDING TECHNOLOGY – 1 / 7: 00 – 8:00

5.  Bulldozer is a crawler
(continuous tracked tractor)
equipped with a substantial
metal plate (known as a blade)
used to push large quantities
of soil, sand, rubble, or other
such material during
construction or conversion
work and typically equipped at
the rear with a claw-like device
(known as a ripper) to loosen
densely-compacted materials.
 Bulldozers are used to clear
areas of obstacles, shrubbery,
burnt vehicles, and remains of
structures.
EXCAVATION
PARENA, JELLONIEL M.
BUILDING TECHNOLOGY – 1 / 7: 00 – 8:00

6.  Backhoe, also called a rear
actor or back actor, is a
piece of excavating
equipment or digger
consisting of a digging
bucket on the end of a two-
part articulated arm. The
section of the arm closest to
the vehicle is known as the
boom, and the section
which carries the bucket is
known as the dipper or
dipper-stick. The boom is
attached to the vehicle
through a pivot known as
the king-post, which allows
the arm to slew left and
right, usually through a total
of around 200 degrees.
EXCAVATION
PARENA, JELLONIEL M.
BUILDING TECHNOLOGY – 1 / 7: 00 – 8:00

7.  Hydraulic Hammer is a
powerful percussion
hammer fitted to an
excavator for demolishing
concrete structures or
rocks. It is powered by an
auxiliary hydraulic system
from the excavator, which is
fitted with a foot-operated
valve for this purpose.
 Often referred to as
“breakers", "peckers", "hoe
rams" or "hoe rammers."
These terms are popular
and commonly used
amongst
construction/demolition
workers.
EXCAVATION
PARENA, JELLONIEL M.
BUILDING TECHNOLOGY – 1 / 7: 00 – 8:00

8.  Pile driver is a mechanical
device used to drive piles into
soil to provide foundation
support for buildings or other
structures. One traditional
type of pile driver includes a
heavy weight placed between
guides so that it is able to
freely slide up and down in a
single line. It is placed upon a
pile. The weight is raised,
which may involve the use of
hydraulics, steam, diesel, or
manual labour. When the
weight reaches its highest
point it is then released and
smashes on to the pile in
order to drive it into the
ground.
EXCAVATION
PARENA, JELLONIEL M.
BUILDING TECHNOLOGY – 1 / 7: 00 – 8:00

9.  Crane is a type of
machine, generally
equipped with a hoist,
wire ropes or chains, and
sheaves, that can be
used both to lift and lower
materials and to move
them horizontally. It is
mainly used for lifting
heavy things and
transporting them to other
places
EXCAVATION
PARENA, JELLONIEL M.
BUILDING TECHNOLOGY – 1 / 7: 00 – 8:00