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« Je crois pouvoir affirmer que
personne ne comprend
vraiment la physique
quantique »
R I C H A R D F E Y N M A N - 1 9 6 5
Qu’est-ce que la physique
quantique?
Superposition quantique
La physique quantique repose sur plusieurs principes, dont
celui de la superposition quantique : une superposition
d'états de la matière.
(ex : chat de Shrödinger)
Condensation de Bose-Einstein et supraconductivité
Afin d'éviter toute erreur pouvant
compromettre les résultats, ils sont aussi
isolés dans une "cage" les protégeant des
interférences.
Le chiffrement RSA fonctionne
avec deux clés : une clé publique et
une clé privée.Afin de générer ces
clés, deux très grands nombres
premiers sont choisis : p et q. On
multiplie ensuite p et q pour
trouver n (n=p*q). D'autres
opérations sont ensuite
effectuées, nous donnant les deux
clés.On peut alors chiffrer son
message avec la clé publique, puis
le déchiffrer avec la clé privée. La
clé publique, connue de tous,
contient le nombre n.
Si l'on voulait casser un chiffrement RSA, il faudrait faire la factorisation
de n et trouver le produit p*q.Cette tâche s'avère impossible pour un
ordinateur traditionnel : le temps que prend la factorisation augmente
de façon exponentielle avec la longueur de n.
En 1994, Peter Shor propose un algorithme quantique qui permettrait
de factoriser un nombre en un produit de deux nombres premiers en un
temps non exponentiel. Si l'on lançait cet algorithme sur un ordinateur
quantique assez puissant, la sécurité offerte par RSA serait alors
compromise, peu importe la longueur de la clé.

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Veille Quantique (1).pptx

  • 1. « Je crois pouvoir affirmer que personne ne comprend vraiment la physique quantique » R I C H A R D F E Y N M A N - 1 9 6 5
  • 2. Qu’est-ce que la physique quantique?
  • 3. Superposition quantique La physique quantique repose sur plusieurs principes, dont celui de la superposition quantique : une superposition d'états de la matière. (ex : chat de Shrödinger)
  • 4. Condensation de Bose-Einstein et supraconductivité
  • 5.
  • 6. Afin d'éviter toute erreur pouvant compromettre les résultats, ils sont aussi isolés dans une "cage" les protégeant des interférences.
  • 7. Le chiffrement RSA fonctionne avec deux clés : une clé publique et une clé privée.Afin de générer ces clés, deux très grands nombres premiers sont choisis : p et q. On multiplie ensuite p et q pour trouver n (n=p*q). D'autres opérations sont ensuite effectuées, nous donnant les deux clés.On peut alors chiffrer son message avec la clé publique, puis le déchiffrer avec la clé privée. La clé publique, connue de tous, contient le nombre n.
  • 8. Si l'on voulait casser un chiffrement RSA, il faudrait faire la factorisation de n et trouver le produit p*q.Cette tâche s'avère impossible pour un ordinateur traditionnel : le temps que prend la factorisation augmente de façon exponentielle avec la longueur de n. En 1994, Peter Shor propose un algorithme quantique qui permettrait de factoriser un nombre en un produit de deux nombres premiers en un temps non exponentiel. Si l'on lançait cet algorithme sur un ordinateur quantique assez puissant, la sécurité offerte par RSA serait alors compromise, peu importe la longueur de la clé.