understanding the background of shinto and the shrines in Japan: the history and the structure.

1. SHINTO
and the SHRINES …
SURAYA bt MOHD ALI 159725
NURAINI bt ZAKARIA 158270
HAZIRAH HANISAH bt HARUN 156684
CHAN YEE QI 157285
LUM HUI SHIN 158378
YU TIENG WEI 155498
MOHD ASHRAF bin MASKURIY 158773

2. 1) Shinto ( 神道 , Shintō?
) or kami-no-michi is the indigenous
spirituality of Japan and the Japanese people. It is a set of
practices, to be carried out diligently, to establish a
connection between present day Japan and its ancient past.
2) The word Shinto ("Way of the Gods") was adopted from
the written Chinese ( 神道 , shén dào), combining two kanji:
"shin" ( 神 ), meaning kami; and "tō" ( 道 ), or "do" meaning
a philosophical path or study (originally from the Chinese
word “tao”).
SHINTO

3. 1) Izanagi-no-Mikoto (male) and Izanami-no-Mikoto
(female) were called by all the myriad gods and asked to
help each other to create a new land which was to become
Japan.
2) They were given a spear with which they stirred the
water, and when removed water dripped from the end, an
island was created in the great nothingness.
3) They lived on this island, and created a palace and within
was a large pole.
CREATION MYTH

4. 1) Shinto teaches that everything
contains a kami ( 神 , "spiritual
essence", commonly translated as
god or spirit). Shinto's spirits are
collectively called yaoyorozu no
kami ( 八百万の神 ), an expression
literally meaning "eight million kami",
but interpreted as meaning "myriad",
although it can be translated as
"many Kami". There is a phonetic
variation kamu and a similar word
among Ainu kamui. There is an
analog "mi-koto".
‘ KAMI ’

5. 1) A Shinto shrine is a structure whose main purpose is
to house ("enshrine") one or more SHINTO kami .
2) A fewer number of shrines are also natural places
called mori. The most common of the mori are sacred
groves of trees, or mountains, or waterfalls.
3) All shrines are open to the public at some times or
throughout the year.
SHINTO SHRINE

6. • 2nd
and 3rd
BC the culture had started
• 5th
century AD, Confucianism came to Japan, spreading
throughout the masses, along with Chinese Taoism
• 8th
century, Shinto began to incorporate politics with the religion
• Early 10th
century, Japan possessed close to 3,000 shrines that
were taking in offerings for the state.
• By the 13th
century, a wave of anti-Buddhist, also known as
Watarai Shinto started to flourish
• 17th
century, a new form of the religion sprung forth called Fukko
(Restoration) Shinto. A move away from Buddhist or Confucian
concepts began where studies highlighted aspects of Japanese
classics
.

7. • End of the 19th
century, a variety of religious movements
developed due to the unhappiness of the people. Some
movements believed in one or some of the beliefs
associated with Shinto, Buddhist and Confucian
• 1192-1333, the Kamakura period was seen, where
religious theories of Shinto were incorporated with those of
Buddhist views.
• By 1603, the Tokugawa shogunate was established in
Tokyo. The connection between Shinto and Confucianism
was the focus during this time
• 1868-1912, the early Meiji period became prominent,
dividing followers into two different groups: Shrine
Shinto (Jinja) and Sect Shinto (Kyoha).

8. Ko-shinto
• “ Ko ” means ancient or old.
• “Shin” from Chinese word, Shen, means
God.
• “To” from Chinese word, Tao, means The
way.

9. • Name given to the original Shinto tradition
• “Pure Shinto”
• Combination of Yayoi-jin ( Chinese continent)
and Jomon-jin ( Japanese Archipelago).
• Belief system in the North and South of
Japanese Archipelago.

10. • Has such in common with Shinto.
• God is a function.
• Nature and mankind are closely interlaced
• But diverse interpretations of the basic.

11. • Believes things, like trees, mountains,
animals, stones and so on, are in inhabited
by spiritual beings.
• Pottery for exclusive use of ritual is a normal
practice and way of expression.

12. • Some practitioner have been undertaken
ascetic discipline.
• This practice as well as purification rites of
misogi.
• Other purification methods:
– pouring water on oneself
– breathing power practice
– Magic chanting practice

13. • Shinto shrines are:
– simple stones
– stone circles
– Wooden small housing
– Altar
• Nature’s spirit worshiped in:
– forests
– Rivers
– Mountains.
• Stone representation of
Shishi are traditional
guardian.

14. THETHE
STRUCTURESTRUCTURE
OF SHINTOOF SHINTO
SHRINESHRINE

15. 13. Honden
12. Tamagaki
11. Haiden
10. Komainu
9. Sessha / massha
8. Ema
7. Shamusho
6. Kagura-den
5. Tōrō
4. Chōzuya or temizuya
3. Sandō
2. Stone stairs
1. Torii
13
12
119
8 10
7
5
6
4
3
2
1

17. Famous Shrines
 Ise Shrines
 Izumo Taisha
 Fushimi Inari Taisha
 Usa Shrines
 Kasuga Taisha

18. Ise Shrines
• Most representative & historically significant shrine in
Japan
• Located at Mie prefecture
• Specifically to the emperor
• Architectural style of the Ise shrine is known as
Shinmei-zukuri
• Its traditional and mythological foundation date goes
back to 4 BC, but historians was founded around the
3rd to 5th century.

19. Ise Shrines
Shinmei-zukuri

20. Izumo Taisha
• Too old until no document about its birth
survives, & the year of foundation is unknown
• Located at Shimane prefecture
• A style of architecture, taisha-zukuri, takes its
name from the main hall of Izumo-taisha

21. Izumo Taisha
Taisha-zukuri

22. Fushimi Inari Taisha
• Head shrine of the largest shrine network
• > 32 000 sub-shrines
• Located at Fushimi-ku, Kyoto
• Sit at the base of a mountain
• Inari Okami worship started
-Japanese kami of fertility, rice, agriculture, foxes & industry
• Have many torii

23. Fushimi
Inari
Taisha

24. Torii

25. Style Predating the Arrival of
Buddhism

26. Predating?
• Shinto = protectors of Buddhism.
• Shrines = precincts of Buddhist temple.
• 4 STYLES :
– Primitive shrine layout with no honden
– Shinmei-zukuri
– Sumiyoshi-zukuri
– Taisha-zukuri

27. Primitive Shrine Layout with NO
Honden
• Honden = main sanctuary of a shrine.
• Why no Honden?
– Mountain itself = Honden
• Example :
– Omiwa shrines, Nara

28. HAIDEN
HONDE
N

29. • Ancient style
• Especially for the main sanctuary – Honden
• Characterised by gabled roof structure +
straight lines.
• Most widely used in Mie prefecture.
SHINMEI-ZUKURI

30. Simple gable
type,covered with
thatch,board and
batten.
Slope of roof is 45⁰
or less
Pillars were sunk
directly into the
ground.
Ridge pole receive full
support from free
standing pillar
No upward curve at the
eaves
Chigi ( horn-like cross piece)
extending above the roof at
both ends, toward the
heavens.
Bargeboard
extend beyond
the ridge line to
form forked
finials – chigi.
Raised floor
Entry on the
non-gable side

31. SUMIYOSHI-ZUKURI
Entrance under
one of the gable
Simple roof,
doesn’t curve
upwards on the
eaves.
Chigi
Surrounded by
fence-
mizugaki
No verandah, short
stairway leads to the
door
Divided into 2
sections : front
(gejin), back
(naijin)

32. TAISHA-ZUKURI
Entrance on
the gabled
end
Chigi
Wooden billets
(katsuogi) placed
atop and right angle
to a roof ridge.
Cypress
bark-
covered roof
Single central
pillar,largest
Divided into 4
quarters, like a rice
field, suggested
dependent on
ovation to the gods
for plentiful
harvest.

33. Other styles
Meishō
The most common meishō is the location where
the shrine stands, which is located in the city of Ise, Mie

34. Hachiman-zukuri
• Hachiman-zukuri is a style used at Hachiman
shrines in which two parallel structures with gabled
roofs are interconnected on the non-gabled side,
forming one building which, when seen from the
side, gives the impression of two

35. Irimoya-zukuri
• Irimoya-zukuri, (hip and gable roof style) is a
honden style having a hip-and-gable
structure, that is, a gabled roof with one or
two hips

36. Primitive shrine layout with no
honden
• This style is rare, but
historically important. It is also
unique in that the honden,
normally the very center of a
shrine, is missing. It is
believed shrines of this type
are reminiscent of what
shrines were like in
prehistorical times

37. Misedana-zukuri
• Misedana-zukuri (showcase style) owes its
name to the fact that, unlike the other shrine
styles, it doesn't feature a stairway at the
entrance, and the veranda is completely flat