Java on zSystems zOS

© 2014 IBM Corporation
1
IBM Java Technology for z/OS
27th
April 2015
Tim Ellison
Runtime Technology Center tim_ellison@uk.ibm.com

© 2014 IBM Corporation222
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Trademarks, Copyrights, Disclaimers

Agenda
 A gentle introduction to IBM's Java SDK
 IBM SDK for Java & IBM zEnterprise – designed together for world-leading performance
 A peek under the covers at how we optimize Java code on z Systems
 APIs and enhancements explicitly for z/OS integration
 Developer tools to enhance productivity
 References and further reading

IBM's approach to Java SE technology
Reference
Java
Technology
Oracle, open
source, etc
IBM
Java
IBM Runtime
Technology
Centre
Quality
Engineering
Performance
Security
Reliability
Scalability
Serviceability
Production
Requirements
IBM Software Group
IBM eServer
ISVs
IBM Clients
 World class service and support
 Available on more platforms than any other vendor
 Optimised for IBM middleware and customer scenarios
 Deep integration with hardware and software innovation
V a lu e -a d d e d
p la tfo r m s
O t h e r
p l a t f o r m s
J 9 V ir tu a l M a c h in e H o ts p o t V M
C o r e lib r a r ie s
X M L C r y p to C O R B A
X 8 6 x 8 6 -6 4 P o w e r z A r c h
L in u x A IX z O S
W in d o w s L in u x L in u x
x 8 6 -6 4 S p a r c P A -R I S C ia 6 4
S o la r is H P -U X
A W T S w in g J a v a 2 d
XML Crypto Corba
“J9” Virtual machine

IBM invests in Java technology to make it ready for the most
demanding business applications
 Performance
– Performance is key for all Java customers
– IBM has decades of experience in performance engineering and cares deeply about creating high
performance, scalable solutions
– We leverage this experience and close relationships with hardware, operating system and middleware
designers to drive best in class performance across our supported platforms
 Security
– IBM is a key contributor to Java and XML security standards
– We offer FIPS certified JCE and JSSE providers and broad hardware crypto support
 Reliability
– Java is used in mission-critical applications
– IBM has carefully redesigned the JVM, the engine at the heart of the Java runtime, for high reliability
 Serviceability
– In the event of failure, it is critical that problems can be found and isolated quickly
– IBM focuses on trace and logging capabilities, first failure data capture, debugging and performance
interfaces and tools to ensure rapid problem resolution
 Scalability
– Highly configurable runtimes for a variety of application profiles
– Pluggable interfaces with different implementations to match target requirements
– Class library independence, new technology available on appropriate specification APIs

2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015
A Bit of History: Java SE
7.06.0
• Performance improvements
• Improved UI
• Client WebServices Support
• Jconsole monitoring
• Collection framework enhancements
Java 6.0
• New Language features
• Autoboxing
• Enumerated types
• Generics
• Meta Data
Java 5.0
• Improvements in
• Start up performance
• Throughput performance
• New Balanced GC
• New feature in serviceability tooling
• Soft Realtime evaluation
• Performance exploitation of POWER7
z196™ Exploitation
OOO Pipeline
70+ New Instructions
JZOS/Security Enhancements
IBM Java 6.0.1 & 7.0
• Improved performance
• Generational Garbage Collector
• Shared classes support
• New JIT technology
• First Failure Data Capture
• Configurable Trace
• Full Speed Debug
• Hot Code Replace
• Common runtime technology
• ME, SE, EE
IBM Java 5.0
• Small language changes
• Improved IO APIs (NIO2)
• Invoke Dynamic
• Concurrency framework
Java 7.0
• Improvements in
• Platform coverage
• Performance
• Serviceability tooling
• New Functionality
• IBM WebSphere Real-
Time V1.0
z10 Exploitation
DFP exploitation for
BigDecimal
Large Pages
IBM Java 6.0
7.1
Standard Java Features
• Lambdas
• Date and time
Type annotations
• Profiles
Java 8.0
Improvements in
Performance
GC technology
zEC12 Exploitation
Transactional execution
Runtime Instrumentation
Flash 1Meg pageable LPs
2G large pages
Hints/traps
Data Access Accelerator
Cloud: Multi-tenancy/Virtualization
IBM Java 7.1
Additional IBM Java Features
8.0
6 7 8
6.01 & 7.0 865 7.1

 IBM continues to offer quarterly service releases and APAR deliveries of Java 7, 6 and 5.
●
Ensures security fixes will be delivered rapidly to the field across all platforms.
 Key dates
●
Java 5
●
GA 2005
●
went out of currency in September 2013.
●
only receives customer and security fixes.
●
goes out of service in September 2015 (zOS Sept 2013).
●
Java 6
●
GA 2007
●
will go out of currency in September 2015
●
receives platform & OS updates, as well as customer and security fixes.
●
goes out of service in September 2017 (zOS to be announced)
●
Java 7
●
GA 7.0 2011, GA 7.1 2013
●
will go out of currency in September 2017
●
receives enhancements, platform & OS updates, as well as customer and security fixes.
●
goes out of service in September 2019 (zOS to be announced)
●
Java 8
• GA February 2015
• Receives enhancements, platform & OS updates, as well as customer and security fixes.
ref: http://www.ibm.com/developerworks/java/jdk/lifecycle/
IBM Java Service Schedule

IBM SDK for Java & IBM zEnterprise – designed together

zEC12 – New Hardware Enhancements for the IBM Java Runtime
Strong investment in Java on Z
Significant set of new hardware features tailored
and co-designed with Java
Hardware Transaction Memory (HTM)
Better concurrency for multi-threaded applications
eg. ~2X improvement to ConcurrentLinkedQueue
Run-time Instrumentation (RI)
Innovative new hardware facility designed for managed runtimes
Enables new expanse of JRE optimizations
2GB page frames
Improved performance targeting 64-bit Java heaps
Pageable 1MB large pages using flash
Better versatility of managing memory
New software hints/directives
Data usage intent improves cache management
Branch pre-load improves branch prediction
New trap instructions
Reduce over-head of implicit bounds/null checks
New 5.5 GHz 6-Core Processor Chip
Large caches to optimize data serving
Second generation OOO design
Up-to 60% improvement in throughput amongst Java
workloads measured with zEC12 and Java7SR3Engineered Together—IBM Java and zEC12 Boost Workload Performance
http://www.ibmsystemsmag.com/mainframe/trends/whatsnew/java_compiler/

IBM z13 and IBM Java 8 – designed together
Continued aggressive investment in Java on Z
Significant set of new hardware features tailored and
co-designed with Java
Simultaneous Multi-Threading (SMT)
– 2x hardware threads/core for improved throughput
– Available on Integrated Information Processor (zIIP),
and Integrated Facility for Linux (IFL)
Single Instruction Multiple Data (SIMD)
– Vector processing unit
– Accelerates loops and string operations
Cryptographic Function (CPACF)
– Transparently accelerate IBMJCE security provider
– Block ciphering, Secure Hashing and Public Key
Cryptography
New Instructions
Up to 2X improvement in
throughput per core for
security enabled applications
Up to 50%
improvement for
generic applications
No application
code changes!

2
IBM Java 8 – (available March 6th, 2015**)
IBM SDK for z/OS, Java Tech. Edition, Version 8
New Java8 Language Features
• Lambdas, virtual extension methods
IBM z13 exploitation
• Vector exploitation and other new instructions
• Instruction scheduling
General throughput improvements
• Up-to 17% better application throughput
• Significant improvements to ORB
Improved crypto performance for IBMJCE
• Block ciphering, secure hashing and public key
• Up-to 4x improvement to Public Key using ECC
• CPACF instructions: AES, 3DES, SHA1, SHA2, etc
Significantly improved application ramp-up
• Up-to 50% less CPU to ramp-up to steady-state
• Improved perf of ahead-of-time compiled code
Improved Monitoring
• JMX beans for precise CPU-time monitoring
Enhancements to JZOS Toolkit for Java batch
ASZ-2026 : Reasons to Love IBM Java and WebSphere Application Server on z Systems
** www-01.ibm.com/common/ssi/cgi-bin/ssialias?subtype=ca&infotype=an&supplier=897&letternum=ENUS215-004#

A peek under the covers:
How we optimize Java code for z Systems

Java Runtime Compilation : trade off effort and benefit
 The VM searches the JAR, loads and verifies bytecodes to
internal representation, runs bytecode form directly
 After many invocations (or via sampling) code gets
compiled at ‘cold’ or ‘warm’ level
 An internal, low overhead sampling thread is used to
identify frequently used methods
 Methods may get recompiled at ‘hot’ or ‘scorching’ levels
(for more optimizations)
 Transition to ‘scorching’ goes through a temporary profiling
step
cold
hot
scorching
profiling
interpreter
warm
Results can be stored for future runs and shared across invocations
Xshareclasses
Java's intermediate bytecodes are compiled as required and based on runtime profiling
- code is compiled 'just in time' as required
- dynamic compilation can determine the target machine capabilities and app's demands

© 2014 IBM Corporation2 2
Example
Optimization level Code Size (bytes) Compilation Time
(ms)
Wall clock runtime (ms)
Cold 139 2.2 31,685
Warm 265 4.9 10,078
Hot 436 8.9 7,765
Profiling 1,322 9.0 n/a
Scorching 578 11.0 6,187
public static int x = 55;
public static int compute(int i, int j, int[] a, int count) {
int k = 0;
for (int i = 0; i < count; i++) {
k = k + j + a[i] + (x * foo());
}
return k;
}
public static int foo() {
return 75;
}
Xjit:count=<n>, exclude={<method>}, limitFile=(<filename>, <m>, <n>),
optlevel=[ noOpt | cold | warm | hot | veryHot | scorching ], verbose[={compileStart|
compileEnd}], vlog=<filename>

IBM z13: SMT – Simultaneous Multi -Threading
SMT permits multiple independent threads to execute on a single core concurrently
• Achieve more effectively utilization of processor resources
z13 SMT allows 2 threads-per-core to deliver better overall throughput for multiple
concurrent workloads
• Increases effective zIIP/IFL capacity
• Doubles number of eligible threads
Threads share resources – may impact single thread perf
• Pipeline (eg. physical registers, fxu, fpu, lsu etc)
• Cache
Throughput improvement is workload dependent
Two zIIP lanes handle more traffic overall
4ASZ-2026 : Reasons to Love IBM Java and WebSphere Application Server on z Systems

IBM z13: Vector Processing
SIMD – Single Instruction Multiple Data
Operate on multiple data-elements (vectors) simultaneously
• Can offer dramatic speed-up to data-parallel operations (matrix ops,
string processing, etc)
5ASZ-2026 : Reasons to Love IBM Java and WebSphere Application Server on z Systems
Vector registers are 128-bits wide and can be used
to operate concurrently on:
• Two 64-bit floating point values
• Four 32-bit floating point values
• Sixteen 8-bit characters
• Two 64-bit integer values
• etc

6
Acceleration using SIMD with
IBM Java 8 and z13
IBM z13 running Java 8 on z/OS
Single Instruction Multiple Data (SIMD) vector engine exploitation
java.lang.String exploitation
- compareTo
- compareToIgnoreCase
- contains
- contentEquals
- equals
- indexOf
- lastIndexOf
- regionMatches
- toLowerCase
- toUpperCase
- getBytes
java.util.Arrays
- equals (primitive types)
String encoding converters
For ISO8859-1, ASCII, UTF8, and UTF16
- encode (char2byte)
- decode (byte2har)
Auto-SIMD
- Simple loops
(eg. Matrix multiplication)
Primitive operations are between 1.6x and 60x faster with IBM Java8
(Controlled measurement environment, results may vary)

Data Access Accelerator (DAA) – in a nutshell
Data-centric tasks such as big data, analytics and inter-language communication require
optimal performance for accessing and operating on native format data records and
types from Java. Prefer to avoid object creation, data copying, abstraction, boxing etc
DAA provides a Java library for bare-bones data conversion, arithmetic etc.
Provides native-oriented operations directly on Java byte arrays
Orchestrated with JIT for deep platform optimization
➔
No intermediate Java objects created when recognized by the IBM JIT
➔
Avoid expensive Java object instantiation by allowing in-place operations
Benefits:
Expose hardware acceleration in a platform and JVM-neutral manner (2 – 100x speed-up)
Can provide significant speed-up to record parsing frameworks
Can provide significant speed-up for data marshalling and inter-language
communication

Data Access Accelerator – example
Problem: there is no intrinsic representation of a “packed decimal” in Java
Solution: trivially add two packed decimals by converting to BigDecimal:
Step 1: convert from byte[] to BigDecimal
Step 2 : add BigDecimals together
Step 3: convert BigDecimal result back to byte[]
●
IBM Java provides a helper method to do this operation for you:
Old Approach:
byte[] addPacked(byte[] a, byte[] b) {
BigDecimal a_bd = convertPackedToBd(a[]);
BigDecimal b_bd = convertPackedToBd(b[]);
a_bd.add(b_bd);
return (convertBDtoPacked(a_bd));
}
BigDecimal convertPackedToBd(byte[] myBytes) {
… ~30 lines …
}
New Approach:
byte[] addPacked(byte[] a, byte[] b) {
DAA.addPacked(a[], b[]);
return (a[]);
}
e.g. you wish to add two packed decimal numbers
p.s. zSeries hardware has packed decimal machine instructions, e.g. AP (AddPacked)
On IBM Java 7 Release 1, “DAA.addPacked(a,b)” is compiled to this one instruction!

z/OS Java Crypto Software Stack
CPACF or PCIe
Card
Application Layer
Java Layer
Crypto Enablement
Middleware Layer
Hardware
Layer
PKCS11Impl
IBMJCECCA
z/OS PKCS CertPath
JNI Layer PKCS11
CCA
z/OS
General Purpose CP or IFA
(zAAP or zIIP)
Java Program
z/OS SW Crypto
ICSF RACF
z/OS
Java Virtual
Machine (JVM)
Host Operating
System
IBMJCEIBMJSSE2
20

zEnterprise Data Compression (zEDC)
What is it?
 zEDC Express is an IO
adapter that does high
performance industry
standard compression
 Used by z/OS Operating
System components,
IBM Middleware and ISV
products
 Applications can use
zEDC via industry
standard APIs (zlib and
Java)
 Each zEDC Express
sharable across 15
LPARs, up to 8 devices
per CEC.
 Raw throughput up to 1
GB/s per zEDC Express
Hardware Adapter
Available from IBM Java 7R1 :
Java applications compress files using java.util.zip.GZIPOutputStream class
Up to 91% reduction in CPU time using zEDC hardware versus zlib software
Up to 74% reduction in Elapsed time (not shown)
Compression ratio up-to ~5x

The results...

7
z/OS WAS 8.5.5.5 – SSL-Enabled DayTrader 3.0
2.6x improvement in throughput with IBM Java 8 and IBM z13

88
Mobile on z – z/OS Connect on IBM Java 8 and zEC12
5 - 16.4% throughput improvement from IBM Java 8 and IBM zEC12

9
IBM Business Rules Processing with
IBM Java 8 and z13
Aggregate 2.1x improvement from IBM Java 8 and IBM z13

10
Java Store, Inventory and Point-of-Sale App
with IBM Java 8 and z13
1.9x improvement in throughput with IBM Java 8 and IBM z13

APIs and enhancements explicitly for z/OS integration

z/OS – System z Java Extensions
IBM Java SDK provides deep integration with z/OS capabilities
Access to z/OS services
Access to all types of data
Access under control of z/OS security mechanisms
Integration into existing operational infrastructureSDK
z/OS
Extensions
SDK
Base
Function
e.g. JAAS wrapper of SAF (RACF, ACF2, or TopSecret), Traditional OS dataset access,
Cryptographic hardware (Cards and CPACF), z/OS Console (modify and messages),
z/OS system logger, JES job submission, DFSORT, SMF, etc.
Fully supported library extensions reduce the need to drop outside
the Java environment to exploit native Z platform capabilities

Java powered environments and Interoperability
 IBM Java Based Offerings
– Transactional/Interactive
• WebSphere for z/OS (WAS z/OS)
• WebSphere Process Server for z/OS (WPS)
• JCICS
• IMS Java
• DB2 Stored Procedures
– Batch oriented
• WebSphere Compute Grid (WAS-CG)
• WAS/JEE runtime extensions
• IMS Java Batch regions (JMP)
• JZOS component of z/OS SDK
• JES/JSE-based environment
• z/OS V1R13 Java/COBOL Batch Runtime
Env.*
• JES/JSE-based, designed to inter-op with DB2
while maintaining transaction integrity
 Open Source or non-IBM vendor
Application Server and Frameworks
– Tomcat, JBoss
– iBatis, Hibernate, Spring
– Ant
 IBM Java drives a broad range of pre-existing assets, artifacts,
processes, core competencies and platform strengths
 COBOL/Native Interoperability
– COBOL Invoke maps to JNI
– RDz and JZOS** have tooling to map
COBOL copy books to Java classes
– JCICS
– IMS Java, JMP/JBP
– WAS CG, WOLA
– etc
* See http://www-01.ibm.com/common/ssi/cgi-bin/ssialias?subtype=ca&infotype=an&supplier=897&letternum=ENUS211-252
** Alphaworks only, and hence currently un-supported

Developer tools to enhance productivity

Runtime Monitoring and Management Tools
Tools and documentation for application monitoring and problem diagnosis.

Free unified suite of tools to understand different aspects of Java
applications.

Lightweight, low performance overhead monitoring and diagnostics.

Provide more than visualizations – also provide observations and
recommendations.
Tools in the IBM Monitoring and Diagnostic Tools Portfolio:
For More Information Visit:
http://www.ibm.com/developerworks/java/jdk/tools/index.html
Interactive Diagnostic Data Explorer
Garbage Collection and Memory Visualizer
Memory Analyser
Health Centre

References and further reading

Customer experiences

Fiducia IT AG
 Manage more than 69 million accounts
at cooperative banks

17.1m current accounts

8.7m online accounts

3.8bn bookkeeping entries
 Processing of 18.3bn host transactions
 Peak volume on 2.1.2012

103m host transactions/day

4,200 host transactions/sec.

Moving business logic into Java
 Main program was Cobol, so MPRs must be used
 Adopted IBM Java SE with JVM resident in the MPR
 Inter Language Communication (ILC) between Cobol and Java & Java calls Cobol
(cascading)
 Java, Cobol runs within the same transaction (UOW) with database support for:

DB2 from cobol and Java

DL1 and MQ access from Java in a later step


Sparda

Workload consolidation on
z196
 ATMs & web banking
Presented their architecture and
experiences at the
IBM z Analyst Summit 2011

 Health Care Service Corporation
– Large US health insurance company
 Migrating from WAS on z/OS V7.0 to V8.5.5.x using Java V6.0.1 can
result in up to 30% CPU saving, depending on what functionally your Application is using
 Applications with small Heap size may benefit running in 31 bit mode
 Take advantage on Pageable Large Page Support and Flash Express – we saw 4.4% CPU reduction
 Tune your JVMs for optimum performance – we saw over 10% CPU reduction with proper tuning
 Upgrade to WAS on z/OS V8.5.5.2 or higher and take advantage of Java V7.1
– we observed 20% throughput improvement and 10-12% CPU reduction
 Analyze your GC performance with PMAT or GCMV and watch out for Java OOM conditions, that can increase CPU
usage considerably, due to excessive GC overhead

New and existing supported Java products – z/OS
 IBM 31-bit SDK for z/OS, Java Technology Edition, Version 8
– Web available on March 6, 2015
– Product 5655-DGG, supported on z/OS V1.13 and above
 IBM 64-bit SDK for z/OS, Java Technology Edition, Version 8
– Web available on March 6, 2015
– Product 5655-DGH, supported on z/OS V1.13 and above
 Earlier Deliveries
– IBM 31-bit SDK for z/OS, Java Technology Edition, Version 7 Release 1
• Web available on July 8, 2014
• Product 5655-W43, supported on z/OS V1.12 and above
– IBM 64-bit SDK for z/OS, Java Technology Edition, Version 7.0
• Web available on July 8, 2014
• Product 5655-W44, supported on z/OS V1.12 and above
– IBM 31-bit SDK for z/OS, Java Technology Edition, Version 6.0.1
• Web available on March 15, 2011 at Java SE 6 level
• Product 5655-R31, supported on z/OS V1.10 and above
• Web available on March 15, 2011 at Java SE 6 level
• Product 5655-R32, supported on z/OS V1.10 and above
• Web available on December 14, 2007 at Java SE 6 level
• Product 5655-R31
• Web available on December 14, 2007 at Java SE 6 level
• Product 5655-R32
 All products are delivered via the z/OS Java website in non-SMP/E format, and via ShopIBM
in SMP/E format
 All products are independently orderable and serviceable and follow the z/OS RFA rules for
Withdrawal from Marketing and End of Service

Important references
 z/OS Java web site
– http://www.ibm.com/systems/z/os/zos/tools/java/
 IBM SDK Java Technology Edition Version 7 Information Center
– http://publib.boulder.ibm.com/infocenter/java7sdk/v7r0/index.jsp
 IBM SDK Java Technology Edition Version 6 Supplement
– http://public.dhe.ibm.com/common/ssi/ecm/en/zsl03118usen/ZSL03118USEN.PDF
 JZOS Batch Launcher and Toolkit Installation and User’s Guide (SA38-0696-00)
– For JZOS function included in IBM Java SE 7 SDKs for z/OS
– http://publibz.boulder.ibm.com/epubs/pdf/ajvc0110.pdf
 JZOS Batch Launcher and Toolkit Installation and User’s Guide (SA23-2245-03)
– For JZOS function included in IBM Java SE 6 and SE 5 SDKs for z/OS
– http://publibfi.boulder.ibm.com/epubs/pdf/ajvc0103.pdf

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