1. www.SID.ir
Archive of SID
‫ﮐﯿﻔﯽ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﮐﻤﯽ‬ ‫ﻫﺎي‬ ‫ﺻﻔﺎت‬ ‫ﺑﺮ‬ ‫ﻧﯿﺘﺮوژن‬ ‫وﮐﻮد‬ ‫رﺷﺪ‬ ‫ﻣﺤﺮك‬ ‫ﻫﺎي‬ ‫ﺑﺎﮐﺘﺮي‬ ‫ﺗﺄﺛﯿﺮ‬
‫آﻓﺘﺎﺑﮕﺮدان‬‫آذرﮔﻞ‬ ‫رﻗﻢ‬
‫ﻣﺤﻤﺪورزي‬ ‫راﻣﺘﯿﻦ‬*
،‫ﮐﺮج‬ ‫واﺣﺪ‬ ‫اﺳﻼﻣﯽ‬ ‫آزاد‬ ‫داﻧﺸﮕﺎه‬ ‫ارﺷﺪ‬ ‫ﮐﺎرﺷﻨﺎﺳﯽ‬ ‫داﻧﺸﺠﻮي‬
،‫ﺣﺒﯿﺒﯽ‬ ‫داوود‬‫اﯾﺮان‬ ،‫ﮐﺮج‬ ،‫ﻧﺒﺎﺗﺎت‬ ‫اﺻﻼح‬ ‫و‬ ‫زراﻋﺖ‬ ‫ﮔﺮوه‬ ،‫ﮐﺮج‬ ‫واﺣﺪ‬ ،‫اﺳﻼﻣﯽ‬ ‫آزاد‬ ‫داﻧﺸﮕﺎه‬
،‫وزان‬ ‫ﺳﻌﯿﺪ‬‫اﯾﺮان‬ ،‫ﮐﺮج‬ ،‫ﻧﺒﺎﺗﺎت‬ ‫اﺻﻼح‬ ‫و‬ ‫زراﻋﺖ‬ ‫ﮔﺮوه‬ ،‫ﮐﺮج‬ ‫واﺣﺪ‬ ،‫اﺳﻼﻣﯽ‬ ‫آزاد‬ ‫داﻧﺸﮕﺎه‬
،‫ﭘﺎزﮐﯽ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﯿﺮﺿﺎ‬‫واﺣﺪ‬ ،‫اﺳﻼﻣﯽ‬ ‫آزاد‬ ‫داﻧﺸﮕﺎه‬‫اﯾﺮان‬ ،‫ري‬ ‫ﺷﻬﺮ‬ ،‫ﻧﺒﺎﺗﺎت‬ ‫اﺻﻼح‬ ‫و‬ ‫زراﻋﺖ‬ ‫ﮔﺮوه‬ ،‫ري‬ ‫ﺷﻬﺮ‬
،‫ﻧﻮراﻟﻮﻧﺪي‬ ‫ﺗﻮﺣﯿﺪ‬‫اﯾﺮان‬ ،‫ﮐﺮج‬ ،‫ﻧﺒﺎﺗﺎت‬ ‫اﺻﻼح‬ ‫و‬ ‫زراﻋﺖ‬ ‫ﮔﺮوه‬ ،‫ﮐﺮج‬ ‫واﺣﺪ‬ ،‫اﺳﻼﻣﯽ‬ ‫آزاد‬ ‫داﻧﺸﮕﺎه‬
‫ﭼﮑﯿﺪه‬
‫آزﻣﺎﯾﺶ‬ ‫اﯾﻦ‬‫ﺑ‬‫ﻪ‬‫داﻧﺸـﮕﺎه‬ ‫در‬ ‫ﺗﮑـﺮار‬ ‫ﺳـﻪ‬ ‫در‬ ‫ﺗﺼﺎدﻓﯽ‬ ‫ﮐﺎﻣﻞ‬ ‫ﻫﺎي‬ ‫ﺑﻠﻮك‬ ‫ﻃﺮح‬ ‫ﻗﺎﻟﺐ‬ ‫در‬ ‫ﻓﺎﮐﺘﻮرﯾﻞ‬ ‫ﺻﻮرت‬
‫در‬ ‫ﮐﺮج‬ ‫واﺣﺪ‬ ‫اﺳﻼﻣﯽ‬ ‫آزاد‬‫ﺳﺎل‬1388‫آﻣﺪ‬ ‫در‬ ‫اﺟﺮا‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬.‫ﻧﯿﺘـﺮوژن‬ ‫ﮐﻮد‬ ‫ﺳﻄﺢ‬ ‫ﭼﻬﺎر‬ ‫ﺷﺎﻣﻞ‬ ‫آزﻣﺎﯾﺶ‬ ‫ﻣﻮرد‬ ‫ﻋﻮاﻣﻞ‬
‫ﺻﻔﺮ‬،54،108‫و‬161‫ﺷـﺎﻫﺪ‬ ‫ﺳـﻄﺢ‬ ‫ﭼﻬﺎر‬ ‫در‬ ‫رﺷﺪ‬ ‫ﻣﺤﺮك‬ ‫ﻫﺎي‬ ‫ﺑﺎﮐﺘﺮي‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﻫﮑﺘﺎر‬ ‫در‬ ‫ﻧﯿﺘﺮوژن‬ ‫ﮐﯿﻠﻮﮔﺮم‬‫ﺑـﺪون‬
‫ﻣﺼﺮف‬‫ﻧﯿﺘﺮوﮐﺴﯿﻦ‬ ،)‫آزوﺳﭙﯿﺮﯾﻠﻮم‬ ‫و‬ ‫ازوﺗﻮﺑﺎﮐﺘﺮ‬ ‫رﺷﺪ‬ ‫ﻣﺤﺮك‬ ‫ﻫﺎي‬ ‫ﺑﺎﮐﺘﺮي‬ ‫ﺣﺎوي‬(‫ﺑﯿﻮﻓﺴﻔﺮ‬ ،)‫ﺑـﺎﮐﺘﺮي‬ ‫ﺣـﺎوي‬
‫ﻣﺤﺮك‬ ‫ﻫﺎي‬‫ﺳﻮدوﻣﻮﻧﺎس‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﺑﺎﺳﯿﻠﻮس‬ ‫رﺷﺪ‬(‫ﺗﻠﻔﯿﻘﯽ‬ ‫ﮐﻮد‬ ‫و‬)‫ﻧﯿﺘﺮوﮐﺴﯿﻦ‬+‫ﺑﯿﻮﻓﺴﻔﺮ‬(‫ﺑﻮد‬.‫ﮐـﺎرﺑﺮد‬ ‫داد‬ ‫ﻧﺸﺎن‬ ‫ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ‬
‫ﺷﺪ‬ ‫ﺷﺎﻫﺪ‬ ‫ﺗﯿﻤﺎر‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﻧﺴﺒﺖ‬ ‫ﺑﻮﺗﻪ‬ ‫ارﺗﻔﺎع‬ ،‫زﯾﺴﺘﯽ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮد‬ ،‫داﻧﻪ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮد‬ ‫اﻓﺰاﯾﺶ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﻨﺠﺮ‬ ‫رﺷﺪ‬ ‫ﻣﺤﺮك‬ ‫ﻫﺎي‬ ‫ﺑﺎﮐﺘﺮي‬
‫ﺗﻠﻔﯿﻘﯽ‬ ‫رﺷﺪ‬ ‫ﻣﺤﺮك‬ ‫ﺑﺎﮐﺘﺮي‬ ‫ﺗﯿﻤﺎر‬ ،‫رﺷﺪ‬ ‫ﻣﺤﺮك‬ ‫ﻫﺎي‬ ‫ﺑﺎﮐﺘﺮي‬ ‫ﻣﯿﺎن‬ ‫در‬ ‫و‬)‫ﻧﯿﺘﺮوﮐﺴﯿﻦ‬+‫ﺑﯿﻮﻓ‬‫ﺴﻔﺮ‬(‫را‬ ‫ﺗﺄﺛﯿﺮ‬ ‫ﺑﯿﺸﺘﺮﯾﻦ‬
‫داﺷﺖ‬ ‫ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﻮرد‬ ‫ﻫﺎي‬ ‫ﺻﻔﺎت‬ ‫اﻓﺰاﯾﺶ‬ ‫در‬.‫ﻣﻌﺎدل‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫داﻧﻪ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮد‬ ‫ﺑﯿﺸﺘﺮﯾﻦ‬2516‫اﺛـﺮ‬ ‫از‬ ‫ﻫﮑﺘـﺎر‬ ‫در‬ ‫ﮐﯿﻠﻮﮔﺮم‬
‫ﻣﻌـﺎدل‬ ‫ﻋﻤﻠﮑـﺮدي‬ ‫ﺑـﺎ‬ ‫ﺷﺎﻫﺪ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﻧﺴﺒﺖ‬ ‫ﮐﻪ‬ ‫ﺷﺪ‬ ‫ﺣﺎﺻﻞ‬ ‫ﺑﯿﻮﻓﺴﻔﺮ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﻧﯿﺘﺮوﮐﺴﯿﻦ‬ ‫ﻣﺘﻘﺎﺑﻞ‬1850‫در‬ ‫داﻧـﻪ‬ ‫ﮐﯿﻠـﻮﮔﺮم‬
،‫ﻫﮑﺘﺎر‬68/26%‫داد‬ ‫ﻧﺸﺎن‬ ‫اﻓﺰاﯾﺶ‬.‫ﺳﻄﻮح‬ ‫ﮐﺎرﺑﺮد‬ ‫ﻫﻤﭽﻨﯿﻦ‬‫داراي‬ ‫داﻧـﻪ‬ ‫ﭘـﺮوﺗﺌﯿﻦ‬ ‫درﺻﺪ‬ ‫روي‬ ‫ﺑﺮ‬ ‫ﻧﯿﺘﺮوژن‬ ‫ﮐﻮد‬
‫ﺷﺪ‬ ‫ﺷﺎﻫﺪ‬ ‫ﺗﯿﻤﺎر‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﻧﺴﺒﺖ‬ ‫داﻧﻪ‬ ‫ﭘﺮوﺗﺌﯿﻦ‬ ‫اﻓﺰاﯾﺶ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻋﺚ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﺑﻮد‬ ‫دار‬ ‫ﻣﻌﻨﯽ‬ ‫ﺗﺄﺛﯿﺮ‬.‫ﻣﺤـﺮك‬ ‫ﻫـﺎي‬ ‫ﺑـﺎﮐﺘﺮي‬ ‫ﺑﺮﻫﻤﮑﻨﺶ‬
‫ﺑﻮد‬ ‫داري‬ ‫ﻣﻌﻨﯽ‬ ‫ﺗﺄﺛﯿﺮ‬ ‫داراي‬ ‫داﻧﻪ‬ ‫روﻏﻦ‬ ‫درﺻﺪ‬ ‫روي‬ ‫ﺑﺮ‬ ‫ﻧﯿﺘﺮوژن‬ ‫ﮐﻮد‬ ‫و‬ ‫رﺷﺪ‬.‫ﻫـﺎي‬ ‫ﺑﺎﮐﺘﺮي‬ ‫ﮐﺎرﺑﺮد‬ ‫ﮐﻠﯽ‬ ‫ﻃﻮر‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬
‫ﻣﺆﺛ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﻣﻔﯿﺪ‬ ‫ﻧﻘﺶ‬ ‫رﺷﺪ‬ ‫ﻣﺤﺮك‬‫ﮐﯿﻔـﯽ‬ ‫ﻫـﺎي‬ ‫ﺧﺼﻮﺻﯿﺖ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﻫﻮاﯾﯽ‬ ‫اﻧﺪام‬ ‫ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮد‬ ،‫رﺷﺪ‬ ‫ﻫﺎي‬ ‫وﯾﮋﮔﯽ‬ ‫ﺑﻬﺒﻮد‬ ‫در‬ ‫ﺮي‬
‫دارد‬ ‫آﻓﺘﺎﺑﮕﺮدان‬ ‫ﮔﯿﺎه‬.
‫ﮐﻠﯿﺪي‬ ‫ﻫﺎي‬ ‫واژه‬:‫داﻧﻪ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮد‬ ،‫رﺷﺪ‬ ‫ﻣﺤﺮك‬ ‫ﻫﺎي‬ ‫ﺑﺎﮐﺘﺮي‬ ،‫آﻓﺘﺎﺑﮕﺮدان‬‫و‬‫ﻧﯿﺘﺮوژن‬
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‫ﻧﻮﯾﺴﻨﺪه‬‫ﻣﺴﺌﻮل‬:Email:Rmvarzi@yahoo.com
‫ﻣﻘﺎﻟﻪ‬ ‫درﯾﺎﻓﺖ‬ ‫ﺗﺎرﯾﺦ‬:23/7/89‫ﻣﻘﺎﻟﻪ‬ ‫ﭘﺬﯾﺮش‬ ‫ﺗﺎرﯾﺦ‬:25/1/90
‫ﮐﺸﺎورزي‬ ‫ﻧﻮﯾﻦ‬ ‫ﻫﺎي‬ ‫ﯾﺎﻓﺘﻪ‬
‫ﺳﺎل‬‫ﭘﻨﺠﻢ‬-‫ﺷﻤﺎره‬3-‫ﺑﻬﺎر‬1390

2. www.SID.ir
Archive of SID
‫ﺳﺎل‬ ،‫ﮐﺸﺎورزي‬ ‫ﻧﻮﯾﻦ‬ ‫ﻫﺎي‬ ‫ﯾﺎﻓﺘﻪ‬‫ﭘﻨﺠﻢ‬‫ﺷﻤﺎره‬ ،3،‫ﺑﻬﺎر‬1390 302
‫ﻣﻘﺪﻣﻪ‬
،‫اﺳﺖ‬ ‫ﮔﯿﺎﻫﯽ‬ ‫روﻏﻦ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﮐﺸﻮر‬ ‫ﻧﯿﺎز‬ ‫رﻓﻊ‬ ‫در‬ ‫ﻣﻬﻢ‬ ‫ﻣﺤﺼﻮﻻت‬ ‫از‬ ‫ﯾﮑﯽ‬ ‫آﻓﺘﺎﺑﮕﺮدان‬ ‫ﮐﻪ‬ ‫اﯾﻦ‬ ‫ﺑﺎ‬‫ﺟﺎﯾﮕﺎه‬ ‫ﻫﻨﻮز‬
‫راه‬ ‫ﻧﺒﻮد‬ ‫ﻟﺤﺎظ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﻨﺎﻃﻖ‬ ‫ﺑﯿﺸﺘﺮ‬ ‫در‬ ‫آن‬ ‫ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮد‬ ‫ﻣﯿﺰان‬ ‫ﮐﻪ‬ ‫ﻧﺤﻮي‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ،‫اﺳﺖ‬ ‫ﻧﻨﻤﻮده‬ ‫ﮐﺴﺐ‬ ‫زﻣﯿﻨﻪ‬ ‫اﯾﻦ‬ ‫در‬ ‫ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺒﯽ‬
‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﺴﺎﺋﻞ‬ ‫ﻫﻤﭽﻮن‬ ،‫ﺻﺤﯿﺢ‬ ‫ﻣﺪﯾﺮﯾﺘﯽ‬ ‫ﮐﺎرﻫﺎي‬‫ﻫﺎي‬ ‫رﻗﻢ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﮐﻮد‬ ‫ﻣﺼﺮف‬ ‫زﻣﺎن‬ ،‫ﮐﻮد‬ ‫ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ‬ ‫ﻣﯿﺰان‬ ‫ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ‬ ‫زراﻋﯽ‬
‫اﺳﺖ‬ ‫ﭘﺎﯾﯿﻦ‬ ‫ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ‬)5.(‫وﻟﯽ‬ ‫دارد‬ ‫زﯾﺎدي‬ ‫ﻗﺪﻣﺖ‬ ‫ﮐﺸﺎورزي‬ ‫در‬ ‫زﯾﺴﺘﯽ‬ ‫ﮐﻮدﻫﺎي‬ ‫از‬ ‫اﺳﺘﻔﺎده‬ ‫ﮔﺮﭼﻪ‬
‫ﻧﺪارد‬ ‫ﭼﻨﺪاﻧﯽ‬ ‫ﺳﺎﺑﻘﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ‬ ‫ﮔﻮﻧﻪ‬ ‫اﯾﻦ‬ ‫از‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻤﯽ‬ ‫ﺑﺮداري‬ ‫ﺑﻬﺮه‬.‫اﺧﯿﺮ‬ ‫دﻫﻪ‬ ‫ﭼﻨﺪ‬ ‫در‬ ‫ﮐﻮدﻫﺎ‬ ‫اﯾﻦ‬ ‫ﮐﺎرﺑﺮد‬ ‫ﻫﺮﭼﻨﺪ‬
‫اﺳﺖ‬ ‫آورده‬ ‫وﺟﻮد‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﺷﯿﻤﯿﺎﯾﯽ‬ ‫ﮐﻮدﻫﺎي‬ ‫روﯾﻪ‬ ‫ﺑﯽ‬ ‫ﻣﺼﺮف‬ ‫ﮐﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﺸﮑﻼﺗﯽ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﺗﻮﺟﻪ‬ ‫ﺑﺎ‬ ‫اﻣﺮوزه‬ ‫وﻟﯽ‬ ‫ﯾﺎﻓﺘﻪ‬ ‫ﮐﺎﻫﺶ‬
‫آن‬ ‫از‬ ‫اﺳﺘﻔﺎده‬‫اﺳﺖ‬ ‫ﺷﺪه‬ ‫ﻣﻄﺮح‬ ً‫ا‬‫ﻣﺠﺪد‬ ‫ﮐﺸﺎورزي‬ ‫در‬ ‫ﻫﺎ‬)1.(‫ﻫﺎي‬ ‫ارﮔﺎﻧﯿﺴﻢ‬ ‫ﭘﺘﺎﻧﺴﯿﻞ‬ ‫از‬ ‫ﺗﺎ‬ ‫اﺳﺖ‬ ‫آن‬ ‫ﺑﺮ‬ ‫ﺳﻌﯽ‬
‫اﯾﻤﻨﯽ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﺑﻬﺪاﺷﺖ‬ ‫رﻋﺎﯾﺖ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﺧﺎك‬ ‫ﮐﯿﻔﯿﺖ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﺗﻮﺟﻪ‬ ‫ﺿﻤﻦ‬ ‫در‬ ‫ﺗﻮﻟﯿﺪ‬ ‫ﺣﺪاﮐﺜﺮ‬ ‫ﻣﻨﻈﻮر‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫آﻟﯽ‬ ‫ﻣﻮاد‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﺧﺎك‬
‫ﮔﺮدد‬ ‫اﺳﺘﻔﺎده‬ ‫زﯾﺴﺖ‬ ‫ﻣﺤﯿﻂ‬)6.(‫ﮐﻮد‬ ‫ﺑﺮاي‬ ‫ﺟﺎﯾﮕﺰﯾﻦ‬ ‫ﯾﮏ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﻮان‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫زﯾﺴﺘﯽ‬ ‫ﮐﻮدﻫﺎي‬ ‫اﻣﺮوزه‬‫ﺑﺎ‬ ‫ﺷﯿﻤﯿﺎﯾﯽ‬ ‫ﻫﺎي‬
‫ﺷﻮﻧﺪ‬ ‫ﻣﯽ‬ ‫ﻣﺤﺴﻮب‬ ‫ﭘﺎﯾﺪار‬ ‫ﮐﺸﺎورزي‬ ‫در‬ ‫ﻣﺤﺼﻮﻻت‬ ‫ﺗﻮﻟﯿﺪ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﺧﺎك‬ ‫ﺑﺎروري‬ ‫اﻓﺰاﯾﺶ‬ ‫ﻫﺪف‬)46.(‫ﮐﻮدﻫﺎي‬
‫ﻣﻮاد‬ ‫ﺗﻮﻟﯿﺪ‬ ‫از‬ ‫ﺟﻠﻮﮔﯿﺮي‬ ‫ﺟﻤﻠﻪ‬ ‫آن‬ ‫از‬ ‫دارﻧﺪ‬ ‫ﺗﻮﺟﻬﯽ‬ ‫ﻗﺎﺑﻞ‬ ‫ﻫﺎي‬ ‫ﻣﺰﯾﺖ‬ ‫ﺷﯿﻤﯿﺎﯾﯽ‬ ‫ﻣﻮاد‬ ‫ﺑﺎ‬ ‫ﻣﻘﺎﯾﺴﻪ‬ ‫در‬ ‫زﯾﺴﺘﯽ‬
‫ﺧ‬ ‫اﺻﻼح‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻋﺚ‬ ،‫دارﻧﺪ‬ ‫ﺧﻮدي‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﺧﻮد‬ ‫ﺗﮑﺜﯿﺮ‬ ‫ﻗﺎﺑﻠﯿﺖ‬ ،‫ﻏﺬاﯾﯽ‬ ‫ﻫﺎي‬ ‫ﭼﺮﺧﻪ‬ ‫در‬ ‫ﺳﻤﯽ‬‫و‬ ‫ﻓﯿﺰﯾﮑﯽ‬ ‫ﺼﻮﺻﯿﺎت‬
‫ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ‬ ‫ﭘﺬﯾﺮش‬ ‫ﻗﺎﺑﻞ‬ ‫ﻣﺤﯿﻄﯽ‬ ‫زﯾﺴﺖ‬ ‫دﯾﺪﮔﺎه‬ ‫از‬ ‫ﺻﺮﻓﻪ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﻘﺮون‬ ‫اﻗﺘﺼﺎدي‬ ‫ﻧﻈﺮ‬ ‫از‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﺷﻮﻧﺪ‬ ‫ﻣﯽ‬ ‫ﺧﺎك‬ ‫ﺷﯿﻤﯿﺎﯾﯽ‬
)6.(‫در‬ ‫ﺟﻤﻠﻪ‬ ‫از‬ ‫زراﻋﯽ‬ ‫ﮔﯿﺎﻫﺎن‬ ‫در‬ ‫داﻧﻪ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮد‬ ‫و‬ ‫رﺷﺪ‬ ‫در‬ ‫ﻣﺆﺛﺮ‬ ‫ﻣﺤﯿﻄﯽ‬ ‫ﻋﺎﻣﻞ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﻮان‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﻧﯿﺘﺮوژن‬ ‫ﮐﻮد‬
‫ﺷﻮد‬ ‫ﻣﯽ‬ ‫ﺷﻨﺎﺧﺘﻪ‬ ‫آﻓﺘﺎﺑﮕﺮدان‬)16.(‫ﮐﯿﻠﻮﮔﺮ‬ ‫ﻫﺮ‬ ‫ﺗﻮﻟﯿﺪ‬ ‫در‬ ‫دﯾﮕﺮ‬ ‫ﺳﻮي‬ ‫از‬‫ﻧﯿﺘﺮوژن‬ ‫ﮐﻮد‬ ‫م‬‫ﻣﺠﻤﻮع‬ ‫در‬22000
‫ﺷﻮد‬ ‫ﻣﯽ‬ ‫ﻣﺼﺮف‬ ‫ﺗﺠﺪﯾﺪ‬ ‫ﻏﯿﺮﻗﺎﺑﻞ‬ ‫ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ‬ ‫از‬ ‫اﻧﺮژي‬ ‫ﮐﺎﻟﺮي‬ ‫ﮐﯿﻠﻮ‬.‫ﮐﻮد‬ ‫ﻗﯿﻤﺖ‬ ‫ﮐﻤﯽ‬ ‫ﻣﻮﺟﺐ‬ ‫اﻧﺮژي‬ ‫ارزاﻧﯽ‬
‫اﺳﺖ‬ ‫ﺷﺪه‬ ‫آن‬ ‫روﯾﻪ‬ ‫ﺑﯽ‬ ‫ﻣﺼﺮف‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﻧﯿﺘﺮوژﻧﯽ‬)40.(‫ﻫﺎ‬ ‫رودﺧﺎﻧﻪ‬ ‫و‬ ‫زﻣﯿﻨﯽ‬ ‫زﯾﺮ‬ ‫ﻫﺎي‬ ‫آب‬ ‫آﻟﻮدﮔﯽ‬ ‫ﮐﻪ‬ ‫اﯾﻦ‬ ‫ﺿﻤﻦ‬
‫آن‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﻧﯿﺘﺮات‬ ‫ورود‬ ‫از‬ ‫ﻧﺎﺷﯽ‬‫ﮔﺮﻓﺖ‬ ‫ﻧﺎدﯾﺪه‬ ‫ﻧﺒﺎﯾﺪ‬ ‫ﻧﯿﺰ‬ ‫را‬ ‫ﻫﺎ‬.)13.(‫ﯾﮏ‬ ‫ﮐﺎرﮐﺮد‬ ‫ﺑﺮاي‬ ‫ﻣﯿﮑﺮوﺑﯽ‬ ‫ﺟﺎﻣﻌﻪ‬ ‫اﻫﻤﯿﺖ‬
‫ﺑ‬ ‫اﮐﻮﺳﯿﺴﺘﻢ‬‫ﻪ‬،‫ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ‬ ‫ﻣﯽ‬ ‫ﮔﯿﺎه‬ ‫ﯾﮏ‬ ‫ﺗﻮﻟﯿﺪات‬ ‫ﮐﻨﻨﺪه‬ ‫ﺗﻌﯿﯿﻦ‬ ‫ﮐﻪ‬ ‫ﺧﺎك‬ ‫ﻓﺮاﯾﻨﺪﻫﺎي‬ ‫در‬ ‫ﮐﻪ‬ ‫اﺳﺖ‬ ‫ﻣﻬﻤﯽ‬ ‫ﻧﻘﺶ‬ ‫دﻟﯿﻞ‬
‫ﮐﻨﻨﺪ‬ ‫ﻣﯽ‬ ‫اﯾﻔﺎ‬)30‫و‬41.(‫ﮐﺎرﮐﺮدي‬ ‫رواﺑﻂ‬ ‫داراي‬ ‫ﺧﺎك‬ ‫ﻗﺎرﭼﯽ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﺑﺎﮐﺘﺮﯾﺎﯾﯽ‬ ‫ﻫﺎي‬ ‫ﮔﻮﻧﻪ‬ ‫از‬ ‫ﺗﻮﺟﻬﯽ‬ ‫ﻗﺎﺑﻞ‬ ‫ﺗﻌﺪاد‬
‫ﻣﻔﯿﺪ‬ ‫اﺛﺮﻫﺎي‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﺑﻮده‬ ‫ﮔﯿﺎﻫﺎن‬ ‫ﺑﺎ‬‫آن‬ ‫رﺷﺪ‬ ‫ﺑﺮ‬ ‫ي‬‫دارﻧﺪ‬ ‫ﻫﺎ‬)43.(‫ﻗﺎﺑﻞ‬ ‫ﻏﯿﺮ‬ ‫ﻓﺮم‬ ‫از‬ ‫ﻏﺬاﯾﯽ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﺎﺻﺮ‬ ‫ﺗﺒﺪﯾﻞ‬ ‫ﺗﻮاﻧﺎﯾﯽ‬
‫و‬ ‫اي‬ ‫رﯾﺸﻪ‬ ‫ﺳﯿﺴﺘﻢ‬ ‫ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﻨﺠﺮ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﮔﯿﺮد‬ ‫ﻣﯽ‬ ‫ﺻﻮرت‬ ‫زﯾﺴﺘﯽ‬ ‫ﻓﺮاﯾﻨﺪﻫﺎي‬ ‫ﻃﯽ‬ ‫ﺟﺬب‬ ‫ﻗﺎﺑﻞ‬ ‫ﻓﺮم‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﺟﺬب‬
‫ﮔﺮدﻧﺪ‬ ‫ﻣﯽ‬ ‫ﺑﺬور‬ ‫ﺑﻬﺘﺮ‬ ‫زﻧﯽ‬ ‫ﺟﻮاﻧﻪ‬)31.(‫ﮔﯿﺎه‬ ‫ﺑﺎ‬ ‫ﻫﻤﯿﺎري‬ ‫ﻗﺎﺑﻠﯿﺖ‬ ‫داراي‬ ‫ﮐﻪ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﮐﺘﺮﯾﺎﯾﯽ‬ ‫ﻫﺎي‬ ‫ﮔﻮﻧﻪ‬ ‫از‬ ‫ﮔﺮوﻫﯽ‬
‫ﻣﺘﻌ‬ ‫ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ‬‫ﺟﻨﺲ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﻠﻖ‬‫ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ‬ ‫ﻣﯽ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﺳﯿﻠﻮس‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﺳﻮدوﻣﻮﻧﺎس‬ ،‫ازﺗﻮﺑﺎﮐﺘﺮ‬ ،‫آزوﺳﭙﯿﺮﯾﻠﻮم‬ ‫ﻫﺎي‬)37.(‫آزوﺳﭙﯿﺮﯾﻠﻮم‬
‫ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ‬ ‫ﻓﻌﺎل‬ ‫زﯾﺴﺘﯿﯽ‬ ‫ﻣﻮاد‬ ‫ﻣﻘﺪاري‬ ‫ﺗﺮﺷﺢ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﺳﺎﺧﺖ‬ ‫ﺗﻮاﻧﺎﯾﯽ‬ ‫ﮔﯿﺎه‬ ‫رﯾﺸﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﺤﯿﻂ‬ ‫در‬ ‫ﻫﻤﭽﻨﯿﻦ‬ ‫ازﺗﻮﺑﺎﮐﺘﺮ‬ ‫و‬
‫ﻏﯿ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﺟﯿﺒﺮﻟﯿﻦ‬ ،‫ﻫﺎ‬ ‫اﮐﺴﯿﻦ‬ ،‫ﺑﯿﻮﺗﯿﻦ‬ ،‫ﭘﻨﺘﻮﺗﻨﯿﮏ‬ ‫اﺳﯿﺪ‬ ،‫ﻧﯿﮑﻮﺗﯿﻨﯿﮏ‬ ‫اﺳﯿﺪﻫﺎي‬ ،‫ب‬ ‫ﻫﺎي‬ ‫وﯾﺘﺎﻣﯿﻦ‬‫در‬ ‫ﮐﻪ‬ ‫دارﻧﺪ‬ ‫ﺮه‬
‫دارﻧﺪ‬ ‫ﻣﺆﺛﺮي‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﻣﻔﯿﺪ‬ ‫ﻧﻘﺶ‬ ‫رﯾﺸﻪ‬ ‫رﺷﺪ‬ ‫اﻓﺰاﯾﺶ‬)19.(‫اﺳﯿﺪﻫﺎي‬ ‫ﺳﺎزي‬ ‫آزاد‬ ‫ﺑﺎ‬ ‫ﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﻣﯿﮑﺮوارﮔﺎﻧﯿﺴﻢ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﮔﯿﺎﻫﺎن‬
‫و‬ ‫آﻫﻦ‬ ‫ﺷﺪه‬ ‫ﺟﺬب‬ ‫ﻓﺴﻔﺮ‬ ‫ﺣﻼﻟﯿﺖ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﻟﯿﮕﺎﻧﺪي‬ ‫ﺗﺒﺎدل‬ ‫ﻃﺮﯾﻖ‬ ‫از‬ ‫اﮐﺴﺎﻻت‬ ‫و‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﻣﺎﻻت‬ ،‫ﻧﯿﺘﺮات‬ ‫ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ‬ ‫آﻟﯽ‬

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‫ﺳﺎل‬ ،‫ﮐﺸﺎورزي‬ ‫ﻧﻮﯾﻦ‬ ‫ﻫﺎي‬ ‫ﯾﺎﻓﺘﻪ‬‫ﭘﻨﺠﻢ‬‫ﺷﻤﺎره‬ ،3،‫ﺑﻬﺎر‬1390303
‫ﺷﻮﻧﺪ‬ ‫ﻣﯽ‬ ‫ﺧﺎك‬ ‫ﻣﻌﺪﻧﯽ‬ ‫ﻓﺴﻔﺮ‬ ‫ﺣﻼﻟﯿﺖ‬ ‫اﻓﺰاﯾﺶ‬ ‫ﺳﺒﺐ‬ ‫آﻟﻮﻣﯿﻨﯿﻮم‬)28.(‫ﻣﯿﺎ‬ ‫در‬‫ﺣﻞ‬ ‫ﻫﺎي‬ ‫ﻣﯿﮑﺮوارﮔﺎﻧﯿﺴﻢ‬ ‫ن‬
‫ﻓﺴﻔﺎت‬ ‫ﮐﻨﻨﺪه‬ ‫ﺣﻞ‬ ‫ﻫﺎي‬ ‫ﺑﺎﮐﺘﺮي‬ ‫ﻣﻬﻢ‬ ‫اﻧﻮاع‬ ‫از‬ ‫ﺳﻮدوﻣﻮﻧﺎس‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﺑﺎﺳﯿﻠﻮس‬ ‫ﺟﻨﺲ‬ ‫ﻫﺎي‬ ‫ﺑﺎﮐﺘﺮي‬ ،‫ﻓﺴﻔﺎت‬ ‫ﮐﻨﻨﺪه‬
‫ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ‬ ‫ﻣﯽ‬)10.(،‫ﻫﺎ‬ ‫رﯾﺰوﺑﺎﮐﺘﺮي‬ ‫ﺳﺎﯾﺮ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﺳﻮدوﻣﻮﻧﺎس‬ ‫ﻣﺘﻘﺎﺑﻞ‬ ‫ﻫﺎي‬ ‫ﮐﻨﺶ‬ ‫ﻃﯽ‬‫و‬ ‫ﻧﯿﺘﺮوژن‬ ‫ﺗﺜﺒﯿﺖ‬ ‫ﮐﺎراﯾﯽ‬
‫اﻓﺰاﯾﺶ‬ ‫ﻓﺴﻔﺎت‬ ‫ﮐﻨﻨﺪﮔﯽ‬ ‫ﺣﻞ‬ ‫ﻓﻌﺎﻟﯿﺖ‬ ‫ﺗﻮﺳﻂ‬ ‫ﻓﺴﻔﺮ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫دﺳﺘﺮﺳﯽ‬ ‫ﻣﯿﺰان‬‫آزاد‬ ‫را‬ ‫ﮔﯿﺎه‬ ‫رﺷﺪ‬ ‫ﻣﺤﺮك‬ ‫ﻣﺎده‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﯾﺎﻓﺘﻪ‬
‫ﮐﻨﻨﺪ‬ ‫ﻣﯽ‬)20.(‫ﻫﻤﮑﺎران‬ ‫و‬ ‫ورﻣﯿﻦ‬ ‫آزﻣﺎﯾﺶ‬ ‫ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ‬)1997(‫در‬ ‫ﻧﯿﺘﺮوژن‬ ‫ﺑﺎ‬ ‫ازوﺗﻮﺑﺎﮐﺘﺮ‬ ‫ﺑﺮدن‬ ‫ﮐﺎر‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫داد‬ ‫ﻧﺸﺎن‬
‫رﺷﺪ‬ ‫اﻓﺰاﯾﺶ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻋﺚ‬ ‫ﻣﺘﻮﺳﻂ‬ ‫ﺣﺪ‬‫ﺷﻮد‬ ‫ﻣﯽ‬ ‫آﻓﺘﺎﺑﮕﺮدان‬ ‫در‬ ‫ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮد‬ ‫و‬.‫اﺳﻮاراﺟﯿﺎﻻﮐﺸﻤﯽ‬ ‫ﺷﯿﺎﻻﺟﺎو‬)2004(
‫ﻋ‬ ‫ﺑﺮ‬ ‫ﺷﯿﻤﯿﺎﯾﯽ‬ ‫و‬ ‫زﯾﺴﺘﯽ‬ ‫ﮐﻮدﻫﺎي‬ ‫ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ‬ ‫ﻃﯽ‬‫را‬ ‫آﻓﺘﺎﺑﮕﺮدان‬ ‫ﮐﯿﻔﯽ‬ ‫ﻫﺎي‬ ‫ﺧﺼﻮﺻﯿﺖ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮد‬ ‫اﺟﺰاي‬ ،‫ﻤﻠﮑﺮد‬
‫ﺗﯿﻤﺎر‬ ‫ﺗﺄﺛﯿﺮ‬ ‫ﺗﺤﺖ‬ ‫داري‬ ‫ﻣﻌﻨﯽ‬ ‫ﻃﻮر‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫آﻓﺘﺎﺑﮕﺮدان‬ ‫داﻧﻪ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮد‬ ‫ﮐﻪ‬ ‫داد‬ ‫ﻧﺸﺎن‬ ‫ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ‬ ‫دادﻧﺪ‬ ‫ﻗﺮار‬ ‫ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ‬ ‫ﻣﻮرد‬
‫اﺳﺖ‬ ‫ﯾﺎﻓﺘﻪ‬ ‫اﻓﺰاﯾﺶ‬ ‫ﻧﯿﺘﺮوژن‬ ‫ﮐﻮد‬ ‫ﺑﺎ‬ ‫ﻫﻤﺮاه‬ ‫زﯾﺴﺘﯽ‬ ‫ﮐﻮد‬.‫زﻣﯿﻨﻪ‬ ‫در‬ ‫ﻣﺤﻘﻘﺎن‬ ‫دﯾﮕﺮ‬ ‫ﺗﺤﻘﯿﻘﺎت‬ ‫در‬ ‫ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺠﯽ‬ ‫ﭼﻨﯿﻦ‬
‫ﻣﻮﻧﯿ‬ ‫آﻓﺘﺎﺑﮕﺮدان‬‫ﻫﻤﮑﺎران‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﺮ‬)2007(‫ﻫﻤﮑﺎران‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﺑﺎﺳﻮ‬ ‫زﻣﯿﻨﯽ‬ ‫ﺑﺎدام‬ ،)2008(‫ﮐﻮد‬ ‫از‬ ‫ﺗﻠﻔﯿﻘﯽ‬ ‫ﻫﺎي‬ ‫ﺳﯿﺴﺘﻢ‬
‫اﺳﺖ‬ ‫ﺷﺪه‬ ‫ﮔﺰارش‬ ‫ﺷﯿﻤﯿﺎﯾﯽ‬ ‫و‬ ‫زﯾﺴﺘﯽ‬.‫ﻫﻤﮑﺎران‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﯾﺰداﻧﯽ‬)48(‫ﻫﺎي‬ ‫ﻣﯿﮑﺮوارﮔﺎﻧﯿﺴﻢ‬ ‫ﮐﺎرﺑﺮد‬ ‫داﺷﺘﻨﺪ‬ ‫اﻇﻬﺎر‬
‫ﮐﻮد‬ ‫ﮐﺎرﺑﺮد‬ ‫ﺑﺎ‬ ‫ﻫﻤﺮاه‬ ‫ﮔﯿﺎه‬ ‫رﺷﺪ‬ ‫اﻓﺰاﯾﻨﺪه‬ ‫ﻫﺎي‬ ‫ﺑﺎﮐﺘﺮي‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﻓﺴﻔﺎت‬ ‫ﮐﻨﻨﺪه‬ ‫ﺣﻞ‬)NPK(‫ﺑﺎﻋﺚ‬ ‫ذرت‬ ‫در‬‫ﺑﻬﺒﻮد‬
،‫ﺑﻼل‬ ‫وزن‬ ‫ﺻﻔﺎت‬‫اﺳﺖ‬ ‫ﺷﺪه‬ ‫ردﯾﻒ‬ ‫در‬ ‫داﻧﻪ‬ ‫ﺗﻌﺪاد‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﺑﻼل‬ ‫در‬ ‫ردﯾﻒ‬ ‫ﺗﻌﺪاد‬.‫ﻫﻤﮑﺎران‬ ‫و‬ ‫آﻧﺠﻮم‬)2007(‫ﺗﺄﺛﯿﺮ‬
‫ﺗﻠﻘﯿﺢ‬PGPR‫ﻣﻌﺪﻧﯽ‬ ‫ﻧﯿﺘﺮوژن‬ ‫ﮐﻮد‬ ‫از‬ ‫ﺳﻄﺢ‬ ‫ﺳﻪ‬ ‫ﺑﺎ‬ ‫ﺗﺮﮐﯿﺐ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﺗﻨﻬﺎﯾﯽ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬)0-56-60،56-56-60‫و‬60-56-
120‫در‬ ‫ﮐﯿﻠﻮﮔﺮم‬NPK‫درﻫﮑﺘﺎر‬(‫ﻣﺸﺎﻫﺪ‬ ‫و‬ ‫دادﻧﺪ‬ ‫ﻗﺮار‬ ‫ارزﯾﺎﺑﯽ‬ ‫ﻣﻮرد‬ ‫ﭘﻨﺒﻪ‬ ‫در‬ ‫را‬‫ﺑﺎﮐﺘﺮﯾﺎﯾﯽ‬ ‫ﺗﻠﻘﯿﺢ‬ ‫ﮐﻪ‬ ‫ﮐﺮدﻧﺪ‬ ‫ه‬
‫ﺑ‬‫ﻪ‬‫ﭘﻨﺒﻪ‬ ‫داﻧﻪ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮد‬ ‫داري‬ ‫ﻣﻌﻨﯽ‬ ‫ﻃﻮر‬)21(%،‫ﮔﯿﺎﻫﺎن‬ ‫ارﺗﻔﺎع‬)5(%‫ﺧﺎك‬ ‫در‬ ‫ﻣﯿﮑﺮوﺑﯽ‬ ‫ﺟﻤﻌﯿﺖ‬ ‫و‬)41(%‫را‬
‫داد‬ ‫اﻓﺰاﯾﺶ‬ ‫ﺷﺎﻫﺪ‬ ‫ﺗﯿﻤﺎر‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﻧﺴﺒﺖ‬.‫ﻣﯿﮑﺎﺋﯿﻠﻮﺳﮑﺎﯾﺎ‬)2006(‫ﺑﺎ‬ ‫ارﺗﺒﺎط‬ ‫در‬ ‫ﺧﻮد‬ ‫اي‬ ‫ﻣﺰرﻋﻪ‬ ‫ﺗﺤﻘﯿﻘﺎت‬ ‫در‬
‫و‬ ‫رﺷﺪ‬ ‫اﻓﺰاﯾﻨﺪه‬ ‫ﺑﺎﮐﺘﺮي‬ ‫روي‬ ‫ﺧﺎك‬ ‫زﯾﺴﺘﯽ‬ ‫ﻣﺪﯾﺮﯾﺖ‬4‫ﺳﻄﺢ‬‫ﺑﺎ‬ ‫ﮐﺘﺎن‬ ‫ﺑﺬر‬ ‫ﺗﻠﻘﯿﺢ‬ ‫ﮐﻪ‬ ‫داد‬ ‫ﻧﺸﺎن‬ ‫ﻧﯿﺘﺮوژن‬ ‫ﮐﻮد‬
‫ﺑﺮازﯾﻠﻨﺲ‬ ‫آزوﺳﭙﯿﺮﯾﻠﻮم‬B-4485‫ﺑﺎ‬ ‫ﻫﻤﺮاه‬15‫ﻫﮑﺘﺎر‬ ‫در‬ ‫ﻧﯿﺘﺮوژن‬ ‫ﮐﯿﻠﻮﮔﺮم‬)N15PK(،،‫ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮد‬ ‫ﺑﯿﺸﺘﺮﯾﻦ‬
،‫ﮐﯿﻔﯿﺖ‬ ‫ﺷﺎﺧﺺ‬‫آورد‬ ‫دﺳﺖ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫را‬ ‫زﯾﺴﺘﯽ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮد‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﺳﺎﻗﻪ‬ ‫ﻃﻮل‬.‫رﺧﺰادي‬)1387(‫وﺟﻮد‬ ‫داﺷﺖ‬ ‫اﻇﻬﺎر‬
‫ﻫﺎي‬ ‫ﻣﺎﯾﻪ‬ ‫ﺗﺮﮐﯿﺐ‬ ‫در‬ ‫ﻓﻠﻮرﺳﻨﺲ‬ ‫ﺳﻮدوﻣﻮﻧﺎس‬ ‫ﺑﺎﮐﺘﺮي‬،‫ﺗﻠﻘﯿﺢ‬‫در‬ ‫ﻧﯿﺘﺮوژن‬ ‫ﺟﺬب‬ ‫اﻓﺰاﯾﺶ‬ ‫در‬ ‫ﻣﻮﺛﺮي‬ ‫ﻧﻘﺶ‬
،‫ﮔﻠﺪﻫﯽ‬ ‫ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪ‬،‫ﺑﻮﺗﻪ‬ ‫ارﺗﻔﺎع‬،‫ﺑﻮﺗﻪ‬ ‫در‬ ‫ﻏﻼف‬ ‫ﺗﻌﺪاد‬،‫داﻧﻪ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮد‬‫در‬ ‫داﻧﻪ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﺎﺻﺮ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮد‬ ‫و‬ ‫زﯾﺴﺘﯽ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮد‬
‫اﺳﺖ‬ ‫داﺷﺘﻪ‬ ‫ﻧﺨﻮد‬ ‫ﮔﯿﺎه‬ ‫در‬ ‫ﺳﻄﺢ‬ ‫واﺣﺪ‬.‫رﺷﺪ‬ ‫ﻣﺤﺮك‬ ‫ﻫﺎي‬ ‫ﺑﺎﮐﺘﺮي‬ ‫اﺛﺮ‬ ‫ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ‬ ‫ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ‬ ‫اﯾﻦ‬ ‫از‬ ‫ﻫﺪف‬
)‫ﺑﯿﻮﻓﺴﻔﺮ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﻧﯿﺘﺮوﮐﺴﯿﻦ‬(‫ﮐ‬ ‫ﻫﺎي‬ ‫ﺧﺼﻮﺻﯿﺖ‬ ‫ﺑﺮ‬‫زﯾﺴﺘﯽ‬ ‫ﻫﺎي‬ ‫ﮐﻮد‬ ‫ﺷﻨﺎﺳﺎﯾﯽ‬ ‫ﺑﺎ‬ ‫ﺗﺎ‬ ،‫ﺑﻮد‬ ‫آﻓﺘﺎﺑﮕﺮدان‬ ‫ﮐﯿﻔﯽ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﻤﯽ‬
‫ﺳﯿﺴﺘﻢ‬ ‫ﺑﯿﺸﺘﺮ‬ ‫ﭘﺎﯾﺪاري‬ ‫ﻧﻬﺎﯾﺖ‬ ‫در‬ ‫ﮐﻮدﻫﺎ‬ ‫اﯾﻦ‬ ‫ﻣﺼﺮف‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﺗﺤﻘﯿﻘﺎت‬ ‫ﻃﺮف‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﺣﺮﮐﺖ‬ ‫ﺟﻬﺖ‬ ‫در‬ ‫ﺑﺘﻮان‬ ‫ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ‬
‫ﻧﯿﺰ‬ ‫زﯾﺴﺖ‬ ‫ﻣﺤﯿﻂ‬ ‫ﺣﻔﻆ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫زراﻋﯽ‬ ‫ﻣﺤﺼﻮﻻت‬ ‫ﺗﻮﻟﯿﺪ‬ ‫ﻫﺎي‬ ‫ﻫﺰﯾﻨﻪ‬ ‫ﮐﺎﻫﺶ‬ ‫ﺿﻤﻦ‬ ‫ﺗﺎ‬ ‫ﺑﺮداﺷﺖ‬ ‫ﮔﺎم‬ ‫زراﻋﯽ‬ ‫ﻫﺎي‬
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‫ﺳﺎل‬ ،‫ﮐﺸﺎورزي‬ ‫ﻧﻮﯾﻦ‬ ‫ﻫﺎي‬ ‫ﯾﺎﻓﺘﻪ‬‫ﭘﻨﺠﻢ‬‫ﺷﻤﺎره‬ ،3،‫ﺑﻬﺎر‬1390 304
‫ﻫﺎ‬ ‫روش‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﻣﻮاد‬
‫ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ‬ ‫ﻣﻨﻈﻮر‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬‫ﺗﺄﺛﯿﺮ‬‫رﺷﺪ‬ ‫ﻣﺤﺮك‬ ‫ﻫﺎي‬ ‫ﺑﺎﮐﺘﺮي‬)‫ﻧﯿﺘﺮوﮐﺴﯿﻦ‬‫و‬‫ﺑﯿﻮﻓﺴﻔﺮ‬(‫و‬‫ﮐﻮد‬‫ﺑﺮ‬ ‫ﻧﯿﺘﺮوژن‬ ‫ﺷﯿﻤﯿﺎﯾﯽ‬
‫روي‬‫ﻫﺎي‬ ‫ﺧﺼﻮﺻﯿﺖ‬‫و‬ ‫ﮐﯿﻔﯽ‬‫آﻓﺘﺎﺑﮕﺮدان‬ ‫ﮐﻤﯽ‬‫ﮔﻞ‬ ‫آذر‬ ‫رﻗﻢ‬)‫ﮔﯿﺎﻫﺎن‬ ‫ﺑﺬر‬ ‫ﺗﻮﻟﯿﺪ‬ ‫ﻣﻮﺳﺴﻪ‬ ‫از‬ ‫ذﮐﺮ‬ ‫ﻗﺎﺑﻞ‬ ‫ﺑﺬر‬
‫ﺷﺪ‬ ‫ﺗﻬﯿﻪ‬ ‫روﻏﻨﯽ‬(،‫آزاد‬ ‫داﻧﺸﮕﺎه‬ ‫ﮐﺸﺎورزي‬ ‫داﻧﺸﮑﺪه‬ ‫در‬ ‫آزﻣﺎﯾﺸﯽ‬‫واﺣﺪ‬ ‫اﺳﻼﻣﯽ‬‫ﮐﺮج‬‫ﻣﻮﻗﻌﯿﺖ‬35‫و‬ ‫درﺟﻪ‬
45‫و‬ ‫ﺟﻐﺮاﻓﯿﺎﯾﯽ‬ ‫ﻋﺮض‬ ‫دﻗﯿﻘﻪ‬51‫و‬ ‫درﺟﻪ‬56‫ارﺗﻔﺎع‬ ‫ﺑﺎ‬ ‫ﺟﻐﺮاﻓﯿﺎﯾﯽ‬ ‫ﻃﻮل‬ ‫دﻗﯿﻘﻪ‬1313‫درﯾﺎ‬ ‫ﺳﻄﺢ‬ ‫از‬ ‫ﻣﺘﺮ‬‫در‬
‫ﺳﺎل‬1388‫ﺑﻪ‬‫اﺟﺮا‬‫آﻣﺪ‬ ‫در‬.‫ﮐﺎﻣﻞ‬ ‫ﻫﺎي‬ ‫ﺑﻠﻮك‬ ‫ﭘﺎﯾﻪ‬ ‫ﻃﺮح‬ ‫ﻗﺎﻟﺐ‬ ‫در‬ ‫ﻓﺎﮐﺘﻮرﯾﻞ‬ ‫آزﻣﺎﯾﺶ‬ ‫ﺻﻮرت‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﺗﺤﻘﯿﻖ‬ ‫اﯾﻦ‬
‫ﺷﺪ‬ ‫اﻧﺠﺎم‬ ‫ﺗﮑﺮار‬ ‫ﺳﻪ‬ ‫در‬ ‫ﺗﺼﺎدﻓﯽ‬.‫آزﻣﺎﯾﺶ‬ ‫ﻣﻮرد‬ ‫ﻓﺎﮐﺘﻮرﻫﺎي‬:
1.‫ﻫﺎي‬ ‫ﺑﺎﮐﺘﺮي‬‫رﺷﺪ‬ ‫ﻣﺤﺮك‬‫ﺳﻄﺢ‬ ‫ﭼﻬﺎر‬ ‫در‬:‫ﺷﺎﻫﺪ‬‫ﻧﯿﺘﺮوﮐﺴﯿﻦ‬ ،‫ﻣﺼﺮف‬ ‫ﺑﺪون‬‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻫﺎي‬ ‫ﺑﺎﮐﺘﺮي‬ ‫ﺣﺎوي‬‫ﺤﺮك‬
‫رﺷﺪ‬‫آزوﺳﭙﯿﺮﯾﻠﻮم‬ ‫و‬ ‫ازوﺗﻮﺑﺎﮐﺘﺮ‬‫و‬ ‫ﺳﻮدوﻣﻮﻧﺎس‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﺑﺎﺳﯿﻠﻮس‬ ‫رﺷﺪ‬ ‫ﻣﺤﺮك‬ ‫ﻫﺎي‬ ‫ﺑﺎﮐﺘﺮي‬ ‫ﺣﺎوي‬ ‫ﺑﯿﻮﻓﺴﻔﺮ‬ ،
‫ﺗﻠﻔﯿﻘﯽ‬‫ﺗﺮﮐﯿﺐ‬ ‫ﺷﺎﻣﻞ‬‫ﻧﯿﺘﺮوﮐﺴﯿﻦ‬‫و‬‫ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬ ‫ﻣﯽ‬ ‫ﺑﯿﻮﻓﺴﻔﺮ‬)‫ﺗﻮﻟﯿﺪ‬ ‫ﻣﻮﺳﺴﻪ‬ ‫از‬ ‫را‬ ‫ﺷﺪه‬ ‫ذﮐﺮ‬ ‫ﻫﺎي‬ ‫ﺑﺎﮐﺘﺮي‬
‫ﺷﺪ‬ ‫ﺗﻬﯿﻪ‬ ‫آﺳﯿﺎ‬ ‫ﻣﻬﺮ‬ ‫رﺷﺪ‬ ‫ﻣﺤﺮك‬ ‫ﻫﺎي‬ ‫ﺑﺎﮐﺘﺮي‬.(
‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫از‬ ‫ﻫﺪف‬‫ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬ ‫ﻣﯽ‬ ‫ﺧﺎك‬ ‫در‬ ‫ﻧﺎﻣﺤﻠﻮل‬ ‫ﻫﺎي‬ ‫ﻓﺴﻔﺎت‬ ‫اﻧﺤﻼل‬ ‫ﺑﯿﻮﻓﺴﻔﺮ‬ ‫زﯾﺴﺘﯽ‬ ‫ﮐﻮد‬ ‫ﮐﺎرﮔﯿﺮي‬.‫ﺳﻠﻮل‬ ‫ﺗﻌﺪاد‬
‫ﻧﯿﺘﺮوﮐﺴﯿﻦ‬ ‫ﺗﺮﮐﯿﺐ‬ ‫ﺗﻠﻘﯿﺢ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﯾﻪ‬ ‫ﮔﺮم‬ ‫ﻫﺮ‬ ‫در‬ ‫زﻧﺪه‬108
‫ﺳﻠﻮل‬ ‫ﺗﻌﺪاد‬ ‫ﺑﯿﻮﻓﺴﻔﺮ‬ ‫ﺗﺮﮐﯿﺐ‬ ‫در‬ ‫و‬ ‫زﻧﺪه‬ ‫ﺑﺎﮐﺘﺮي‬ ‫ﻋﺪد‬
‫ﺗﻠﻘﯿﺢ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﯾﻪ‬ ‫ﻫﺮﮔﺮم‬ ‫در‬ ‫زﻧﺪه‬107
‫ﺑﺎﮐ‬ ‫ﻋﺪد‬‫داﺷﺖ‬ ‫وﺟﻮد‬ ‫زﻧﺪه‬ ‫ﺘﺮي‬.‫ﻣﻮرد‬ ‫ﺑﺬر‬ ‫اﺑﺘﺪا‬ ،‫ﺑﺬر‬ ‫ﺗﻠﻘﯿﺢ‬ ‫و‬ ‫اﺧﺘﻼط‬ ‫ﺑﺮاي‬
‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﻧﺴﺒﺖ‬ ‫ﺑﺬر‬ ‫زدن‬ ‫ﻫﻢ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﺑﺎ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﭘﺎﺷﯿﺪه‬ ‫ﺑﺬرﻫﺎ‬ ‫روي‬ ‫را‬ ‫ﻣﺎﯾﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﻘﺪار‬ ‫وﺳﭙﺲ‬ ‫ﭘﻬﻦ‬ ‫ﺗﻤﯿﺰ‬ ‫ﭘﻼﺳﺘﯿﮏ‬ ‫روي‬ ‫را‬ ‫ﻧﻈﺮ‬
‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﺳﺎﻋﺖ‬ ‫ﯾﮏ‬ ‫ﻣﺪت‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﮐﺮده‬ ‫ﭘﻬﻦ‬ ‫ﺳﺎﯾﻪ‬ ‫روي‬ ‫در‬ ‫را‬ ‫ﺷﺪه‬ ‫ﺗﻠﻘﯿﺢ‬ ‫ﺑﺬرﻫﺎي‬ ‫ﺳﭙﺲ‬ ‫ﮔﺮدﯾﺪ‬ ‫اﻗﺪام‬ ‫ﺑﺬر‬ ‫ﺗﻠﻘﯿﺢ‬
‫داﺷﺘ‬ ‫ﻧﮕﻪ‬ ‫ﺣﺎﻟﺖ‬ ‫ﻫﻤﯿﻦ‬‫ﺑﺬرﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﺷﺪن‬ ‫ﺧﺸﮏ‬ ‫از‬ ‫ﭘﺲ‬ ،‫ﺷﺪﻧﺪ‬ ‫ﻪ‬‫ﮔﺮدﯾﺪﻧﺪ‬ ‫ﮐﺸﺖ‬ ‫آﻣﺎده‬.
2.‫ﮐﻮد‬‫ﻧﯿﺘﺮوژن‬ ‫ﺷﯿﻤﯿﺎﯾﯽ‬‫اوره‬ ‫ﻣﻨﺒﻊ‬ ‫از‬‫ﺧﺎك‬ ‫آزﻣﻮن‬ ‫اﺳﺎس‬ ‫ﺑﺮ‬‫آﻓﺘﺎﺑﮕﺮدان‬ ‫ﮔﯿﺎه‬ ‫ﺑﺮاي‬‫زﻣﯿﻦ‬ ‫ﮐﻪ‬ ‫ﮔﺮﻓﺖ‬ ‫ﺻﻮرت‬
‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﻧﯿﺎز‬ ‫ﻧﻈﺮ‬ ‫ﻣﻮرد‬161‫ﻧﯿﺘﺮوژ‬ ‫ﮐﯿﻠﻮﮔﺮم‬‫ن‬‫ﻫﮑﺘﺎر‬ ‫در‬ ‫ﺧﺎﻟﺺ‬)350‫ﻫﮑﺘﺎر‬ ‫در‬ ‫اوره‬ ‫ﮐﯿﻠﻮﮔﺮم‬(‫دا‬‫ﺑﺮ‬ ‫ﮐﻪ‬ ‫ﺷﺖ‬
‫ﺳﻄ‬ ‫ﭼﻬﺎر‬ ‫در‬ ‫ﻧﯿﺘﺮوژن‬ ‫اﯾﻦ‬ ‫اﺳﺎس‬‫ﺢ‬:‫ﺷﺎﻫﺪ‬)‫ﻣﺼﺮف‬ ‫ﺑﺪون‬(،33%‫ﺑﺮاﺑﺮ‬ ‫ﺷﺪه‬ ‫ﺗﻮﺻﯿﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﻘﺪار‬ ‫از‬54‫ﮐﯿﻠﻮﮔﺮم‬
‫ﻫﮑﺘﺎر‬ ‫در‬ ‫ﻧﯿﺘﺮوژن‬ ‫ﮐﻮد‬)116‫ﻫﮑﺘﺎر‬ ‫در‬ ‫اوره‬ ‫ﮐﻮد‬ ‫ﮐﯿﻠﻮﮔﺮم‬(،66%‫ﺑﺮاﺑﺮ‬ ‫ﺷﺪه‬ ‫ﺗﻮﺻﯿﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﻘﺪار‬ ‫از‬108‫ﮐﯿﻠﻮﮔﺮم‬
‫ﻫﮑﺘﺎر‬ ‫در‬ ‫ﻧﯿﺘﺮوژن‬)231‫ﻫﮑﺘﺎر‬ ‫در‬ ‫اوره‬ ‫ﮐﻮد‬ ‫ﮐﯿﻠﻮﮔﺮم‬(‫و‬100%‫ﺷﺪه‬ ‫ﺗﻮﺻﯿﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﻘﺪار‬ ‫از‬161‫ﮐﻮد‬ ‫ﮐﯿﻠﻮﮔﺮم‬
‫ﻫﮑﺘﺎر‬ ‫در‬ ‫ﻧﯿﺘﺮوژن‬)350‫ﻫﮑﺘﺎر‬ ‫در‬ ‫اوره‬ ‫ﮐﻮد‬ ‫ﮐﯿﻠﻮﮔﺮم‬(‫ﮔﺮﻓﺖ‬ ‫ﻗﺮار‬ ‫ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ‬ ‫ﻣﻮرد‬.
‫ﺟﺪول‬1:‫آزﻣﺎﯾﺶ‬ ‫ﻣﺤﻞ‬ ‫ﺧﺎك‬ ‫ﺷﻤﯿﺎﯾﯽ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﻓﯿﺰﯾﮑﯽ‬ ‫ﻫﺎي‬ ‫وﯾﮋﮔﯽ‬ ‫از‬ ‫ﺑﺮﺧﯽ‬
‫ﺑﺎﻓﺖ‬‫آﻟﯽ‬ ‫ﮐﺮﺑﻦ‬(%)‫ﮐﻞ‬ ‫ازت‬(%)‫ﺟﺬب‬ ‫ﻗﺎﺑﻞ‬ ‫ﻓﺴﻔﺮ‬)ppm(‫ﺟﺬب‬ ‫ﻗﺎﺑﻞ‬ ‫ﭘﺘﺎﺳﯿﻢ‬)ppm(
‫ﺷﻨﯽ‬ ‫ﻟﻮﻣﯽ‬91/0089/021-18190
‫ﺷﻨﯽ‬ ‫ﻟﻮﻣﯽ‬3-53/0-5/025-40300-350

5. www.SID.ir
Archive of SID
‫ﺳﺎل‬ ،‫ﮐﺸﺎورزي‬ ‫ﻧﻮﯾﻦ‬ ‫ﻫﺎي‬ ‫ﯾﺎﻓﺘﻪ‬‫ﭘﻨﺠﻢ‬‫ﺷﻤﺎره‬ ،3،‫ﺑﻬﺎر‬1390305
‫از‬ ‫آزﻣﺎﯾﺸﯽ‬ ‫واﺣﺪ‬ ‫ﻫﺮ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﮔﺮﻓﺖ‬ ‫ﺻﻮرت‬ ‫ﻓﺎروﺋﺮ‬ ‫ﺗﻮﺳﻂ‬ ‫ﮐﺸﺖ‬ ‫ﻫﺎي‬ ‫ردﯾﻒ‬ ‫ﺳﺎزي‬ ‫آﻣﺎده‬4‫ﺷﺪ‬ ‫ﺗﺸﮑﯿﻞ‬ ‫ردﯾﻒ‬.
‫ﺗﺎرﯾﺦ‬ ‫در‬ ‫ذرت‬ ‫از‬ ‫ﺑﻌﺪ‬ ‫دوم‬ ‫ﮐﺸﺖ‬ ‫ﺻﻮرت‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫آﻓﺘﺎﺑﮕﺮدان‬ ‫ﮐﺎﺷﺖ‬10‫و‬ ‫ﮐﺎري‬ ‫ﺧﺸﮑﻪ‬ ‫ﺻﻮرت‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﺧﺮداد‬
‫ﮔﺮﻓﺖ‬ ‫اﻧﺠﺎم‬ ‫ﺑﺎدﺳﺖ‬.‫ﻫﺎ‬ ‫ردﯾﻒ‬ ‫ﺑﯿﻦ‬ ‫ﻓﺎﺻﻠﻪ‬60‫ﺑﻮد‬ ‫ﻣﺘﺮ‬ ‫ﺳﺎﻧﺘﯽ‬.‫ﺳﻮم‬ ‫ﯾﮏ‬‫ﺗﻬﯿﻪ‬ ‫ﻫﻨﮕﺎم‬ ‫در‬ ‫ﻧﯿﺘﺮوژن‬ ‫ﮐﻮد‬ ‫ﻣﻘﺎدﯾﺮ‬
‫ﮐﻮد‬ ‫ﺑﻘﯿﻪ‬ ‫ﮐﺎﺷﺖ‬ ‫از‬ ‫ﭘﺲ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﺷﺪ‬ ‫داده‬ ‫ﺑﺴﺘﺮ‬‫ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪ‬ ‫در‬ ‫ﺳﻮم‬ ‫ﯾﮏ‬ ،‫ﺳﺮك‬ ‫ﺻﻮرت‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﻧﯿﺘﺮوژن‬6‫ﺗﺎ‬8‫و‬ ‫ﺑﺮﮔﯽ‬‫ﯾﮏ‬
‫ﺑﺎﻗﯽ‬ ‫ﺳﻮم‬‫ﺷﺪ‬ ‫اﺳﺘﻔﺎده‬ ‫آﺑﯿﺎري‬ ‫از‬ ‫ﻗﺒﻞ‬ ‫ﻣﺮاﺣﻞ‬ ‫ﺗﻤﺎم‬ ‫در‬ ‫ﮐﻪ‬ ‫ﮔﻠﺪﻫﯽ‬ ‫ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪ‬ ‫در‬ ‫ﻣﺎﻧﺪه‬.‫ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮد‬ ‫ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﻪ‬ ‫ﺑﺮاي‬
‫از‬ ‫ﺑﻌﺪ‬ ،‫داﻧﻪ‬‫ﺑﺮداﺷﺖ‬5/3‫ﮐﺮت‬ ‫ﺗﻤﺎم‬ ‫از‬ ‫ﻣﺘﺮﻣﺮﺑﻊ‬‫آن‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﮐﺮده‬ ‫ﺟﺪا‬ ‫ﻃﺒﻖ‬ ‫از‬ ‫را‬ ‫ﻫﺎ‬ ‫داﻧﻪ‬ ،‫ﻫﺎ‬‫ﻫﺎي‬ ‫ﭘﺎﮐﺖ‬ ‫داﺧﻞ‬ ‫را‬ ‫ﻫﺎ‬
‫ﺷﺪﻧﺪ‬ ‫رﯾﺨﺘﻪ‬ ‫ﺟﺪاﮔﺎﻧﻪ‬.‫ﻣﺪت‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﭘﺎﮐﺖ‬ ،‫ﺷﺪن‬ ‫ﺧﺸﮏ‬ ‫ﺟﻬﺖ‬72‫دﻣﺎي‬ ‫در‬ ‫آون‬ ‫در‬ ‫ﺳﺎﻋﺖ‬70‫درﺟﻪ‬
‫ﺳﭙﺲ‬ ‫ﮔﺮدﯾﺪﻧﺪ‬ ‫ﺗﻮزﯾﻦ‬ ‫دﻗﯿﻖ‬ ‫دﯾﺠﯿﺘﺎﻟﯽ‬ ‫ﺗﺮازوي‬ ‫ﺗﻮﺳﻂ‬ ‫ﮐﺎﻣﻞ‬ ‫ﺷﺪن‬ ‫ﺧﺸﮏ‬ ‫از‬ ‫ﭘﺲ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻨﺪ‬ ‫ﻗﺮار‬ ‫ﮔﺮاد‬ ‫ﺳﺎﻧﺘﯽ‬
‫ﺑ‬‫ﺷﺪﻧﺪ‬ ‫ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﻪ‬ ‫ﻫﮑﺘﺎر‬ ‫ﺑﺮ‬ ‫ﮐﯿﻠﻮﮔﺮم‬ ‫اﺳﺎس‬ ‫ﺮ‬.‫از‬ ‫ﻫﻮاﯾﯽ‬ ‫ﻫﺎي‬ ‫اﻧﺪام‬ ‫ﮐﻞ‬ ‫زﯾﺴﺘﯽ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮد‬ ‫ﮔﯿﺮي‬ ‫اﻧﺪازه‬ ‫ﺑﺮاي‬
‫آن‬ ‫ﻣﺠﻤﻮع‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﺷﺪه‬ ‫ﺗﻘﺴﯿﻢ‬ ‫ﮐﻮﭼﮏ‬ ‫ﻗﻄﻌﺎت‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫وﺳﭙﺲ‬ ‫ﺑﺮداﺷﺖ‬ ‫ﺧﺎك‬ ‫ﺳﻄﺢ‬‫رﯾﺨﺘﻪ‬ ‫ﺟﺪاﮔﺎﻧﻪ‬ ‫ﭘﺎﮐﺖ‬ ‫داﺧﻞ‬ ‫در‬ ‫ﻫﺎ‬
‫ﺷﺪﻧﺪ‬.‫دﻣﺎي‬ ‫ﺑﺎ‬ ‫آون‬ ‫در‬ ‫ﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﭘﺎﮐﺖ‬ ،‫ﺷﺪن‬ ‫ﺧﺸﮏ‬ ‫ﺟﻬﺖ‬70‫ﺳﺎﻧﺘﯽ‬ ‫درﺟﻪ‬‫ﮔﺮاد‬‫ﻣﺪت‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬24‫و‬ ‫ﺧﺸﮏ‬ ‫ﺳﺎﻋﺖ‬
‫آن‬ ‫ﺧﺸﮏ‬ ‫وزن‬ ‫ﺳﭙﺲ‬‫ﺑ‬ ‫ﮐﻪ‬ ‫ﮔﺮدﯾﺪ‬ ‫ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﻪ‬ ‫دﻗﯿﻖ‬ ‫دﯾﺠﯿﺘﺎﻟﯽ‬ ‫ﺗﺮازوي‬ ‫ﺗﻮﺳﻂ‬ ‫ﻫﺎ‬‫ﻪ‬‫ﻧﻈﺮ‬ ‫در‬ ‫زﯾﺴﺘﯽ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮد‬ ‫ﻋﻨﻮان‬
‫ﺷﺪ‬ ‫ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ‬.‫آزﻣﺎﯾﺸﯽ‬ ‫ﮐﺮت‬ ‫ﻫﺮ‬ ‫از‬ ‫ﺑﻮﺗﻪ‬ ‫ارﺗﻔﺎع‬ ‫ﮔﯿﺮي‬ ‫اﻧﺪازه‬ ‫ﺑﺮاي‬5‫از‬ ‫و‬ ‫اﻧﺘﺨﺎب‬ ‫ﺗﺼﺎدﻓﯽ‬ ‫ﺻﻮرت‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﺑﻮﺗﻪ‬
‫ﺷﺪ‬ ‫ﮔﯿﺮي‬ ‫اﻧﺪازه‬ ‫ارﺗﻔﺎع‬ ‫ﻃﺒﻖ‬ ‫زﯾﺮ‬ ‫ﺗﺎ‬ ‫زﻣﯿﻦ‬ ‫ﺳﻄﺢ‬.
‫داﻧﻪ‬ ‫روﻏﻦ‬ ‫ﻣﯿﺰان‬ ‫ﮔﯿﺮي‬ ‫اﻧﺪازه‬ ‫روش‬‫ﮐﺮوﻣﺎﺗﻮﮔﺮاﻓﯽ‬ ‫ﮔﺎز‬ ‫ﻣﺘﺪ‬ ‫ﺑﺎ‬ ‫آﻓﺘﺎﺑﮕﺮدان‬)Unicam-crystal-900(‫ﺑﺎ‬
‫دﺗﮑﺘﻮر‬FID‫و‬‫ﮐﺎﭘﯿﻼري‬ ‫ﺳﺘﻮن‬Dm-5ms‫اﺑﻌﺎد‬ ‫ﺑﺎ‬3/0‫داﺧﻠﯽ‬ ‫وﻗﻄﺮ‬ ‫ﺿﺨﺎﻣﺖ‬ ‫ﻣﺘﺮ‬ ‫ﻣﯿﻠﯽ‬25/0‫ﻣﯿﮑﺮوﻣﺘﺮ‬
‫و‬ ‫ﺷﻨﺎﺳﺎﯾﯽ‬‫ﺷﺪ‬ ‫ﮔﯿﺮي‬ ‫اﻧﺪازه‬.‫اﺑﺘﺪا‬ ‫اﺳﺘﺨﺮاﺟﯽ‬ ‫روﻏﻦ‬ ‫ﮔﺮدﯾﺪ‬ ‫اﺳﺘﻔﺎده‬ ‫ﺣﺎﻣﻞ‬ ‫ﮔﺎز‬ ‫ﻋﻨﻮان‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﺧﺎﻟﺺ‬ ‫ﻧﯿﺘﺮوژن‬
‫ﮔﺮدﯾ‬ ‫اﺳﺘﺮﯾﻔﯿﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﺘﯿﻞ‬‫و‬ ‫ﺪ‬5/0‫ﻧﺴﺒﺖ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﺧﺎﻟﺺ‬ ‫ﻫﮕﺰان‬ ‫ﺑﺎ‬ ‫ﻣﯿﮑﺮوﻟﯿﺘﺮ‬10‫ﺗﺰرﯾﻖ‬ ‫دﺳﺘﮕﺎه‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﺳﭙﺲ‬ ‫و‬ ‫رﻗﯿﻖ‬ ‫ﺑﺮاﺑﺮ‬
‫ﮔﺮدﯾﺪ‬ ‫ارزﯾﺎﺑﯽ‬ ‫اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد‬ ‫ﻫﺎي‬ ‫ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ‬ ‫اﺳﺎس‬ ‫ﺑﺮ‬ ‫روﻏﻦ‬ ‫ﻣﯿﺰان‬ ‫ﺷﺪ‬)5.(‫ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ‬ ‫از‬ ‫اﺳﺘﻔﺎده‬ ‫ﺑﺎ‬ ‫ﻫﺎ‬ ‫داده‬ ‫ﮐﻠﯿﻪ‬
‫ﮐﺎﻣﭙﯿﻮﺗﺮي‬SAS‫داﻧﮑﻦ‬ ‫اي‬ ‫داﻣﻨﻪ‬ ‫ﭼﻨﺪ‬ ‫آزﻣﻮن‬ ‫ﺑﺎ‬ ‫ﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﻣﯿﺎﻧﮕﯿﻦ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻨﺪ‬ ‫ﻗﺮار‬ ‫وارﯾﺎﻧﺲ‬ ‫ﺗﺠﺰﯾﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﻮرد‬‫ﺳﻄﺢ‬ ‫در‬
5%‫ﺷﺪﻧﺪ‬ ‫ﻣﻘﺎﯾﺴﻪ‬.
‫ﺑﺤﺚ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ‬
‫داﻧﻪ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮد‬
‫ﺑﯿﺎن‬ ‫وارﯾﺎﻧﺲ‬ ‫ﺗﺠﺰﯾﻪ‬ ‫ﺟﺪول‬ ‫ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ‬‫داري‬ ‫ﻣﻌﻨﯽ‬ ‫اﺛﺮ‬ ‫رﺷﺪ‬ ‫ﻣﺤﺮك‬ ‫ﻫﺎي‬ ‫ﺑﺎﮐﺘﺮي‬ ‫از‬ ‫اﺳﺘﻔﺎده‬ ‫ﮐﻪ‬ ‫اﺳﺖ‬ ‫آن‬ ‫ﮔﺮ‬
‫آﻣﺎري‬ ‫ﺳﻄﺢ‬ ‫در‬ ‫آﻓﺘﺎﺑﮕﺮدان‬ ‫در‬ ‫داﻧﻪ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮد‬ ‫ﺑﺮ‬1%‫دارد‬)‫ﺟﺪو‬‫ل‬1(.‫داﻧﮑﻦ‬ ‫روش‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﯿﺎﻧﮕﯿﻦ‬ ‫ﻣﻘﺎﯾﺴﻪ‬ ‫ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ‬
‫داد‬ ‫ﻧﺸﺎن‬)‫ﺟﺪول‬2(‫رﺷﺪ‬ ‫ﻣﺤﺮك‬ ‫ﻫﺎي‬ ‫ﺑﺎﮐﺘﺮي‬ ‫ﺳﻄﻮح‬ ‫ﺑﯿﻦ‬ ‫در‬‫ﺑﺎﻻﺗﺮﯾﻦ‬‫ﻣﯿﺰان‬‫ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮ‬‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﺮﺑﻮط‬ ‫داﻧﻪ‬ ‫د‬‫ﺗﯿﻤﺎر‬
‫رﺷﺪ‬ ‫ﻣﺤﺮك‬ ‫ﺑﺎﮐﺘﺮي‬‫ﺗﻠﻔﯿﻘ‬‫ﯽ‬)‫ﻧﯿﺘﺮوﮐﺴﯿﻦ‬+‫ﺑﯿﻮﻓﺴﻔﺮ‬(‫ﺑﺎ‬68/26%‫ﺑﯿﺸﺘﺮﯾﻦ‬ ،‫ﺷﺎﻫﺪ‬ ‫ﺗﯿﻤﺎر‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﻧﺴﺒﺖ‬ ‫اﻓﺰاﯾﺶ‬
‫ﺑﺎ‬ ‫داﻧﻪ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮد‬2516‫ﻫﮑﺘﺎر‬ ‫در‬ ‫ﮐﯿﻠﻮﮔﺮم‬‫ﺷﺎﻫﺪ‬ ‫ﺗﯿﻤﺎر‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﺮﺑﻮط‬ ‫داﻧﻪ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮد‬ ‫ﻣﯿﺰان‬ ‫ﮐﻤﺘﺮﯾﻦ‬ ‫و‬)‫ﺑﺪون‬

6. www.SID.ir
Archive of SID
‫ﺳﺎل‬ ،‫ﮐﺸﺎورزي‬ ‫ﻧﻮﯾﻦ‬ ‫ﻫﺎي‬ ‫ﯾﺎﻓﺘﻪ‬‫ﭘﻨﺠﻢ‬‫ﺷﻤﺎره‬ ،3،‫ﺑﻬﺎر‬1390 306
‫ﻣﺼﺮف‬(‫ﺑﺎ‬1850‫ﺑﻮد‬ ‫ﻫﮑﺘﺎر‬ ‫در‬ ‫ﮐﯿﻠﻮﮔﺮم‬.‫ﻧﺸﺎن‬ ‫ﺗﺤﻘﯿﻖ‬ ‫اﯾﻦ‬ ‫از‬ ‫ﺣﺎﺻﻞ‬ ‫ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ‬‫و‬ ‫ازوﺗﻮﺑﺎﮐﺘﺮ‬ ‫ﺗﻮاﻧﺎﯾﯽ‬ ‫دﻫﺪ‬ ‫ﻣﯽ‬
‫و‬ ‫ﺳﻮدوﻣﻮﻧﺎس‬ ‫ﺗﻮاﻧﻤﻨﺪي‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﻧﯿﺘﺮوژن‬ ‫ﺗﺜﺒﯿﺖ‬ ‫ﻓﺮاﯾﻨﺪ‬ ‫در‬ ‫آزوﺳﭙﯿﺮﯾﻠﻮم‬‫زاﯾﯽ‬ ‫ﺑﯿﻤﺎري‬ ‫ﻋﻮاﻣﻞ‬ ‫ﮐﻨﺘﺮل‬ ‫در‬ ‫ﺑﺎﺳﯿﻠﻮس‬
،‫ﻧﺎﻣﺤﻠﻮل‬ ‫ﻫﺎي‬ ‫ﻓﺴﻔﺎت‬ ‫اﻧﺤﻼل‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﮔﯿﺎه‬‫اﻓﺰاﯾﺶ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻋﺚ‬ ‫ﻣﺆﺛﺮي‬ ‫ﻃﻮر‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬‫اﺳﺖ‬ ‫ﺷﺪه‬ ‫ﺗﯿﻤﺎرﻫﺎ‬ ‫اﯾﻦ‬ ‫در‬ ‫داﻧﻪ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮد‬
‫ﺣﺎﺻﻞ‬ ‫روش‬ ‫ﺑﺎ‬ ‫ﮐﻪ‬‫از‬ ‫اﺳﺘﻔﺎده‬ ‫ﺑﺎ‬ ‫ﺧﯿﺰي‬‫رﺷﺪ‬ ‫ﻣﺤﺮك‬ ‫ﻫﺎي‬ ‫ﺑﺎﮐﺘﺮي‬‫را‬ ‫ﺳﻄﺢ‬ ‫واﺣﺪ‬ ‫در‬ ‫داﻧﻪ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮد‬ ‫ﺗﻨﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻧﻪ‬
‫داد‬ ‫ﮐﺎﻫﺶ‬ ‫را‬ ‫ﺷﯿﻤﯿﺎﯾﯽ‬ ‫ﮐﻮدﻫﺎي‬ ‫ﻣﺼﺮف‬ ‫ﺗﻮان‬ ‫ﻣﯽ‬ ‫ﺗﻮﺟﻬﯽ‬ ‫ﻗﺎﺑﻞ‬ ‫ﻃﻮر‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﺑﻠﮑﻪ‬ ‫دﻫﺪ‬ ‫ﻣﯽ‬ ‫اﻓﺰاﯾﺶ‬.‫و‬ ‫وﻧﺪ‬ ‫ﻧﺠﻒ‬
‫ﻫﻤﮑﺎران‬)2008(‫ﺑﺮ‬ ‫ﮐﺎر‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫رﺳﯿﺪﻧﺪ‬ ‫ﻧﺘﯿﺠﻪ‬ ‫اﯾﻦ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬‫ﺑﺎﻋﺚ‬ ‫ﻓﺮﻧﮕﯽ‬ ‫ﮔﻮﺟﻪ‬ ‫ﮔﯿﺎه‬ ‫در‬ ‫ﻧﯿﺘﺮوﮐﺴﯿﻦ‬ ‫زﯾﺴﺘﯽ‬ ‫ﮐﻮد‬ ‫دن‬
‫ﺗﺎ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮد‬ ‫اﻓﺰاﯾﺶ‬2/8%‫ﺷﺪﻧﺪ‬ ‫ﺷﺎﻫﺪ‬ ‫ﺗﯿﻤﺎر‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﻧﺴﺒﺖ‬.‫ﻫﻤﮑﺎران‬ ‫و‬ ‫روﺳﺘﯽ‬)2006(‫داﻧﻪ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮد‬ ‫ﮐﺮدﻧﺪ‬ ‫اﻋﻼم‬
‫ﺗﻠﻘﯿﺢ‬ ‫ﺑﺪون‬ ‫ﺗﯿﻤﺎر‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﻧﺴﺒﺖ‬ ‫ﺷﺪه‬ ‫ﺗﻠﻘﯿﺢ‬ ‫آﻓﺘﺎﺑﮕﺮدان‬ ‫ﺑﺬور‬9%‫داﺷﺖ‬ ‫اﻓﺰاﯾﺶ‬.‫ﻫﻤﮑﺎران‬ ‫و‬ ‫زﻫﯿﺮ‬)2000(
‫اﻓﺰاﯾﺶ‬8/19%‫ر‬ ‫داﻧﻪ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮد‬‫ﮔﺰارش‬ ‫آزوﺳﭙﯿﺮﯾﻠﻮم‬ ‫و‬ ‫ازوﺗﻮﺑﺎﮐﺘﺮ‬ ‫ﻫﺎي‬ ‫ﺑﺎﮐﺘﺮي‬ ‫ﺑﺎ‬ ‫ذرت‬ ‫ﺑﺬر‬ ‫ﺗﻠﻘﯿﺢ‬ ‫اﺛﺮ‬ ‫در‬ ‫ا‬
‫ﮐﺮدﻧﺪ‬.‫ﻻﺳﺎك‬ ‫و‬ ‫رﯾﻨﺪر‬ ‫ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ‬)1982(‫ﻣﻮاد‬ ‫ﺟﺬب‬ ‫ﺑﺎ‬ ‫ﻫﻤﺮاه‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻻ‬ ‫زﻧﯽ‬ ‫ﭘﻨﺠﻪ‬ ‫ﻇﺮﻓﯿﺖ‬ ‫ﮐﻪ‬ ‫اﺳﺖ‬ ‫ﺣﺎﮐﯽ‬‫ﻏﺬاﯾﯽ‬
‫ﺷﺪ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮد‬ ‫اﻓﺰاﯾﺶ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻋﺚ‬ ‫ﮔﻨﺪم‬ ‫ﮔﯿﺎه‬ ‫در‬ ‫ﺑﺮازﯾﻠﻨﺲ‬ ‫آزوﺳﭙﯿﺮﯾﻠﻮم‬ ‫ﺑﺎﮐﺘﺮي‬ ‫ﺑﺎ‬ ‫ﺗﻠﻘﯿﺢ‬ ‫از‬ ‫ﭘﺲ‬.‫ﻫﻤﺎن‬‫در‬ ‫ﮐﻪ‬ ‫ﻃﻮر‬
‫ﺟﺪول‬1‫آﻣﺎري‬ ‫ﺳﻄﺢ‬ ‫در‬ ‫داري‬ ‫ﻣﻌﻨﯽ‬ ‫ﺗﺄﺛﯿﺮ‬ ‫داراي‬ ‫داﻧﻪ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮد‬ ‫روي‬ ‫ﺑﺮ‬ ‫ﻧﯿﺘﺮوژن‬ ‫ﮐﻮد‬ ‫اﺛﺮ‬ ‫ﺷﻮد‬ ‫ﻣﯽ‬ ‫ﻣﻼﺣﻈﻪ‬
5%‫رﺷﺪ‬ ‫ﻣﺤﺮك‬ ‫ﻫﺎي‬ ‫ﺑﺎﮐﺘﺮي‬ ‫ﺑﺮﻫﻤﮑﻨﺶ‬ ‫ﻫﻤﭽﻨﯿﻦ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬ ‫ﻣﯽ‬)‫ﺑﯿﻮﻓﺴﻔﺮ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﻧﯿﺘﺮوﮐﺴﯿﻦ‬(‫ﻧﯿﺘﺮوژن‬ ‫ﺷﯿﻤﯿﺎﯾﯽ‬ ‫و‬
‫ﻧﺸﺪ‬ ‫ﻣﺸﺎﻫﺪه‬ ‫داري‬ ‫ﻣﻌﻨﯽ‬ ‫ﺗﺄﺛﯿﺮ‬ ‫داﻧﻪ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮد‬ ‫روي‬ ‫ﺑﺮ‬.‫ﻧﯿﺘﺮوژن‬ ‫ﮐﻮد‬ ‫ﺳﻄﻮح‬ ‫ﺑﯿﻦ‬ ‫در‬)‫ﺟﺪول‬2(‫ﺑ‬‫ﻣﯿﺰان‬ ‫ﺎﻻﺗﺮﯾﻦ‬
‫ﺗﯿﻤﺎر‬ ‫در‬ ‫داﻧﻪ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮد‬161‫ﺑﺎ‬ ‫ﻫﮑﺘﺎر‬ ‫در‬ ‫ﻧﯿﺘﺮوژن‬ ‫ﮐﯿﻠﻮﮔﺮم‬2351‫ﺗﯿﻤﺎر‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﻧﺴﺒﺖ‬ ‫ﮐﻪ‬ ‫ﻫﮑﺘﺎر‬ ‫در‬ ‫ﮐﯿﻠﻮﮔﺮم‬
‫اﻓﺰاﯾﺶ‬ ‫داراي‬ ‫ﺷﺎﻫﺪ‬47/12%‫ﺷﺎﻫﺪ‬ ‫ﺗﯿﻤﺎر‬ ‫در‬ ‫داﻧﻪ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮد‬ ‫ﻣﯿﺰان‬ ‫ﮐﻤﺘﺮﯾﻦ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﺑﻮد‬)‫ﻣﺼﺮف‬ ‫ﺑﺪون‬(‫ﺑﺎ‬2058
‫آﻣﺪ‬ ‫دﺳﺖ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﻫﮑﺘﺎر‬ ‫در‬ ‫ﮐﯿﻠﻮﮔﺮم‬.‫ﮐﻮد‬ ‫اﻓﺰاﯾﺶ‬ ‫ﺑﺎ‬ ‫دﻫﺪ‬ ‫ﻣﯽ‬ ‫ﻧﺸﺎن‬ ‫اﯾﻦ‬‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﻧﯿﺘﺮوژن‬161‫از‬ ،‫ﻫﮑﺘﺎر‬ ‫در‬ ‫ﮐﯿﻠﻮﮔﺮم‬
‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﻧﺴﺒﺖ‬ ‫داﻧﻪ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮد‬ ‫اﻓﺰاﯾﺶ‬ ‫ﺳﺒﺐ‬ ‫ﻣﺴﺘﻘﯿﻢ‬ ‫ﻏﯿﺮ‬ ‫ﺑﻄﻮر‬ ،‫داﻧﻪ‬ ‫ﻫﺰار‬ ‫وزن‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﻃﺒﻖ‬ ‫در‬ ‫داﻧﻪ‬ ‫ﺗﻌﺪاد‬ ‫اﻓﺰاﯾﺶ‬ ‫ﻃﺮﯾﻖ‬
‫ﺷﺪ‬ ‫ﺷﺎﻫﺪ‬ ‫ﺗﯿﻤﺎر‬.‫وﯾﻠﺴﻦ‬)1990(‫ﺗﻌﺪاد‬ ‫ﮐﺎﻫﺶ‬ ‫ﻃﺮﯾﻖ‬ ‫از‬ ‫را‬ ‫داﻧﻪ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮد‬ ،‫ﻧﯿﺘﺮوژن‬ ‫ﮐﻤﺒﻮد‬ ‫ﮐﻪ‬ ‫داﺷﺖ‬ ‫اﻇﻬﺎر‬
‫دﻫﺪ‬ ‫ﻣﯽ‬ ‫ﮐﺎﻫﺶ‬ ،‫داﻧﻪ‬ ‫وزن‬ ‫و‬ ‫داﻧﻪ‬.‫ﺑﯿﺸﺘﺮ‬‫رﺳﯿﺪﻧﺪ‬ ‫ﻧﺘﯿﺠﻪ‬ ‫اﯾﻦ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﭘﮋوﻫﺸﮕﺮان‬‫ﻧﯿﺘﺮوژن‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫دﺳﺘﺮﺳﯽ‬ ‫ﻗﺎﺑﻠﯿﺖ‬
‫داﻧﻪ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮد‬ ‫اﻓﺰاﯾﺶ‬ ‫ﻣﻮﺟﺐ‬ ‫آن‬ ‫ﺟﺬب‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﺑﯿﺸﺘﺮ‬‫ﺷﻮد‬ ‫ﻣﯽ‬ ‫آﻓﺘﺎﺑﮕﺮدان‬ ‫در‬)21(.
‫زﯾﺴﺘﯽ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮد‬
‫ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮد‬ ‫ﺻﻔﺖ‬ ‫ﺑﺮاي‬ ‫وارﯾﺎﻧﺲ‬ ‫ﺗﺠﺰﯾﻪ‬ ‫ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ‬‫زﯾﺴﺘﯽ‬‫داد‬ ‫ﻧﺸﺎن‬‫ﺑﯿﻦ‬ ‫ﮐﻪ‬‫رﺷﺪ‬ ‫ﻣﺤﺮك‬ ‫ﻫﺎي‬ ‫ﺑﺎﮐﺘﺮي‬ ‫ﺳﻄﻮح‬
‫داري‬ ‫ﻣﻌﻨﯽ‬ ‫اﺧﺘﻼف‬‫آﻣﺎري‬ ‫ﺳﻄﺢ‬ ‫در‬1%‫دارد‬ ‫وﺟﻮد‬)‫ﺟﺪول‬1(.‫ﺑﺎ‬ ‫ﻣﯿﺎﻧﮕﯿﻦ‬ ‫ﻣﻘﺎﯾﺴﻪ‬ ‫ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ‬‫آزﻣﻮن‬ ‫از‬ ‫اﺳﺘﻔﺎده‬
‫داد‬ ‫ﻧﺸﺎن‬ ‫داﻧﮑﻦ‬)‫ﺟﺪول‬2(‫رﺷﺪ‬ ‫ﻣﺤﺮك‬ ‫ﻫﺎي‬ ‫ﺑﺎﮐﺘﺮي‬ ‫ﺳﻄﻮح‬ ‫ﺑﯿﻦ‬ ‫در‬‫ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻻﺗﺮﯾﻦ‬‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﺮﺑﻮط‬ ‫زﯾﺴﺘﯽ‬ ‫د‬
‫ﺗﯿﻤﺎر‬‫ﺗﻠﻔﯿﻘ‬ ‫ﮐﻮد‬‫ﯽ‬)‫ﻧﯿﺘﺮوﮐﺴﯿﻦ‬+‫ﺑﯿﻮﻓﺴﻔﺮ‬(‫ﺑﺎ‬7240‫ﺷﺎﻫﺪ‬ ‫ﺗﯿﻤﺎر‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﻧﺴﺒﺖ‬ ‫ﮐﻪ‬ ‫ﻫﮑﺘﺎر‬ ‫در‬ ‫ﮐﯿﻠﻮﮔﺮم‬)‫ﺑﺪون‬
‫ﻣﺼﺮف‬(‫ﺑﺎ‬5840‫ﮐﯿﻠ‬‫اﻓﺰاﯾﺶ‬ ،‫ﻫﮑﺘﺎر‬ ‫در‬ ‫ﺗﻮده‬ ‫زﯾﺴﺖ‬ ‫ﻮﮔﺮم‬34/19%‫داد‬ ‫ﻧﺸﺎن‬ ‫زﯾﺴﺘﯽ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮد‬ ‫در‬.‫ﺗﺄﺛﯿﺮ‬
‫ﺗﻮﺳﻂ‬ ‫ﻓﺴﻔﺎت‬ ‫ﮐﺮدن‬ ‫ﻣﺤﻠﻮل‬ ‫و‬ ‫آن‬ ‫زﯾﺴﺘﯽ‬ ‫ﺗﺜﺒﯿﺖ‬ ‫در‬ ‫ازوﺗﻮﺑﺎﮐﺘﺮ‬ ‫ﻗﺎﺑﻠﯿﺖ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﻧﯿﺘﺮوژن‬ ‫وﯾﮋه‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﻏﺬاﯾﯽ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﺎﺻﺮ‬

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‫ﺳﺎل‬ ،‫ﮐﺸﺎورزي‬ ‫ﻧﻮﯾﻦ‬ ‫ﻫﺎي‬ ‫ﯾﺎﻓﺘﻪ‬‫ﭘﻨﺠﻢ‬‫ﺷﻤﺎره‬ ،3،‫ﺑﻬﺎر‬1390307
‫و‬ ‫رﺷﺪ‬ ‫روي‬ ‫ﺑﺮ‬ ‫ﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﮐﺘﺮي‬ ‫ﮔﺬار‬ ‫ﺗﺄﺛﯿﺮ‬ ‫ﻋﻮاﻣﻞ‬ ‫از‬ ‫ﺑﺎﺳﯿﻠﻮس‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﺳﻮدوﻣﻮﻧﺎس‬‫ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬ ‫ﻣﯽ‬ ‫آﻓﺘﺎﺑﮕﺮدان‬ ‫ﻧﻤﻮ‬.‫اﻓﺰاﯾﺶ‬
25%‫ﺗﯿﻤﺎر‬ ‫در‬ ‫را‬ ‫زﯾﺴﺘﯽ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮد‬50%‫ﮐﻮد‬‫ﮔﺰارش‬ ‫زﯾﺴﺘﯽ‬ ‫ﮐﻮد‬ ‫ﺑﺎ‬ ‫ﻫﻤﺮاه‬ ‫ﺷﯿﻤﯿﺎﯾﯽ‬‫اﺳﺖ‬ ‫ﺷﺪه‬)35(.
‫ﮔﺮدد‬ ‫ﻣﯽ‬ ‫ﮔﯿﺎه‬ ‫ﺗﻮده‬ ‫زﯾﺴﺖ‬ ‫اﻓﺰاﯾﺶ‬ ‫ﺳﺒﺐ‬ ‫ﺑﺮازﯾﻠﻨﺲ‬ ‫آزوﺳﭙﯿﺮﯾﻠﻮم‬ ‫ﺑﺎﮐﺘﺮي‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﮔﯿﺎه‬ ‫رﯾﺸﻪ‬ ‫ﺳﯿﺴﺘﻢ‬ ‫واﮐﻨﺶ‬.
‫و‬ ‫رﺷﺪ‬ ‫اﻓﺰاﯾﺶ‬ ‫اﺳﺖ‬ ‫ﺷﺪه‬ ‫ﺛﺎﺑﺖ‬ ‫ﻫﻤﭽﻨﯿﻦ‬‫ﺗ‬ ‫ﺑﯿﺸﺘﺮ‬ ‫آزوﺳﭙﯿﺮﯾﻠﻮم‬ ‫ﺑﺎﮐﺘﺮي‬ ‫ﺑﺎ‬ ‫ﺗﻠﻘﯿﺢ‬ ‫اﺛﺮ‬ ‫در‬ ‫ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮد‬‫ﺗﺄﺛﯿﺮ‬ ‫ﺤﺖ‬
‫ﺑ‬ ‫ﺷﺪه‬ ‫ﺗﺜﺒﯿﺖ‬ ‫ﻧﯿﺘﺮوژن‬ ‫ﺗﺎ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬ ‫ﻣﯽ‬ ‫رﺷﺪ‬ ‫دﻫﻨﺪه‬ ‫اﻓﺰاﯾﺶ‬ ‫ﻣﻮاد‬ ‫ﺗﺮﺷﺢ‬‫ﻪ‬‫آن‬ ‫وﺳﯿﻠﻪ‬‫ﻫﺎ‬)12.(‫ﺳﯿﻨﮓ‬‫ﻫﻤﮑﺎران‬ ‫و‬
)1993(،‫ﻋﻠﻮﻓﻪ‬ ‫ﺧﺸﮏ‬ ‫ﻣﺎده‬ ‫ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮد‬ ‫اﻓﺰاﯾﺶ‬ ‫ﻧﯿﺰ‬‫ﺑﺮگ‬ ‫ﻧﺴﺒﺖ‬ ‫اﻓﺰاﯾﺶ‬‫ﺳﺎﻗﻪ‬ ‫ﻗﻄﺮ‬ ‫اﻓﺰاﯾﺶ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﺑﻮﺗﻪ‬ ‫ﻫﺮ‬ ‫ﺳﺒﺰ‬ ‫ﻫﺎي‬
‫ﺑﺎﮐﺘﺮي‬ ‫اﯾﻦ‬ ‫در‬ ‫ﻧﯿﺘﺮوژن‬ ‫ﮐﻨﻨﺪﮔﯽ‬ ‫ﺗﺜﺒﯿﺖ‬ ‫ﺧﺎﺻﯿﺖ‬ ‫دﻟﯿﻞ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﮐﺮوﮐﻮﮐﻮم‬ ‫ازوﺗﻮﺑﺎﮐﺘﺮ‬ ‫ﺑﺎ‬ ‫ذرت‬ ‫ﺑﺬر‬ ‫ﺗﻠﻘﯿﺢ‬ ‫در‬ ‫را‬
‫دادﻧﺪ‬ ‫ﮔﺰارش‬.‫ﻫﻤﮑﺎرا‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﮔﺎﮔﻨﻮن‬‫ن‬)1997(‫ﮐﺎرﺑﺮد‬ ‫ﮐﻪ‬ ‫داﺷﺘﻨﺪ‬ ‫اﻇﻬﺎر‬‫زﯾﺴﺘﯽ‬ ‫ﻫﺎي‬ ‫ﮐﻮد‬‫ﺷﯿﻤﯿﺎﯾﯽ‬ ‫ﮐﻮد‬ ‫ﺑﺎ‬ ‫ﺗﻮأم‬
‫ﻧﯿﺘﺮوژﻧﻪ‬‫آب‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﻏﺬاﯾﯽ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﺎﺻﺮ‬ ‫ﺟﺬب‬ ‫ﮐﺎراﯾﯽ‬‫دﻫﺪ‬ ‫ﻣﯽ‬ ‫اﻓﺰاﯾﺶ‬ ‫را‬‫اﯾﻦ‬ ‫ﮐﻪ‬‫اﻓﺰاﯾﺶ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻋﺚ‬ ‫ﺗﻮاﻧﺪ‬ ‫ﻣﯽ‬
5/14‫ﺷﻮد‬ ‫زﯾﺴﺘﯽ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮد‬.‫ﻫﻤﮑﺎران‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﻣﺎﻟﻮﯾﺎ‬)1998(‫ﺗﺄﺛﯿﺮ‬ ‫ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ‬ ‫ﺑﺎ‬‫زﯾﺴﺘﯽ‬ ‫ﮐﻮدﻫﺎي‬‫در‬ ‫ﺷﯿﻤﯿﺎﯾﯽ‬ ‫و‬
‫ﮐﻪ‬ ‫ﻧﻤﻮدﻧﺪ‬ ‫ﺑﯿﺎن‬ ‫ارزن‬ ‫و‬ ‫زﻣﯿﻨﯽ‬ ‫ﺑﺎدام‬ ‫زراﻋﺖ‬‫در‬‫ﺗﯿﻤﺎرﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﺗﻤﺎم‬،‫زﯾﺴﺘﯽ‬ ‫ﮐﻮد‬ ‫ي‬‫ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮد‬‫ﯾﺎﻓﺘﻪ‬ ‫اﻓﺰاﯾﺶ‬ ‫زﯾﺴﺘﯽ‬
‫اﺳﺖ‬.‫آزوﺳﭙﯿﺮ‬ ‫ﺑﺎ‬ ‫ﺗﻠﻘﯿﺢ‬ ‫ﻫﻤﭽﻨﯿﻦ‬‫رﺷﺪ‬ ‫اﻓﺰاﯾﺶ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻋﺚ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﺑﻮده‬ ‫ﻣﺆﺛﺮ‬ ‫رﯾﺸﻪ‬ ‫ﺳﯿﺴﺘﻢ‬ ‫ﭘﺎراﻣﺘﺮﻫﺎي‬ ‫روي‬ ‫ﯾﻠﯿﻮم‬
‫ﺟﺬب‬ ‫اﻓﺰاﯾﺶ‬ ‫ﻧﺘﯿﺠﻪ‬ ‫در‬ ‫و‬ ‫زاﯾﯽ‬ ‫رﯾﺸﻪ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﻖ‬ ‫اﻓﺰاﯾﺶ‬ ‫ﻧﯿﺰ‬ ‫و‬ ‫رﯾﺸﻪ‬ ‫ﺗﻮده‬ ‫زﯾﺴﺖ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﻣﺴﺘﻘﺮ‬ ‫ﻫﺎي‬ ‫رﯾﺸﻪ‬ ‫وﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ‬
‫ﻋﻨﺎﺻﺮ‬ ‫و‬ ‫آب‬‫ﮐﻪ‬ ‫ﻃﻮري‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﺷﻮد‬ ‫ﻣﯽ‬ ‫ﻏﺬاﯾﯽ‬‫ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻤﺎن‬ ‫اﺻﻼح‬ ‫ﻣﻮﺟﺐ‬ ‫ﺷﯿﻤﯿﺎﯾﯽ‬ ‫و‬ ‫آﻟﯽ‬ ‫ﮐﻮدﻫﺎي‬ ‫ﺗﻮأم‬ ‫ﮐﺎرﺑﺮد‬
‫ﻏﺬ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﺎﺻﺮ‬ ‫اﻓﺰاﯾﺶ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﺧﺎك‬‫ﺷﻮد‬ ‫ﻣﯽ‬ ‫ﮔﯿﺎه‬ ‫ﻧﯿﺎز‬ ‫ﻣﻮرد‬ ‫اﯾﯽ‬.‫زاده‬ ‫اﺻﻐﺮ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﭘﻮر‬ ‫راﺛﯽ‬)1386(‫روي‬ ‫ﺑﺮ‬ ‫ﺗﺤﻘﯿﻘﯽ‬ ‫در‬
‫ﺑﺎﮐﺘﺮي‬ ‫ﮐﻪ‬ ‫ﮐﺮدﻧﺪ‬ ‫ﮔﺰارش‬ ‫ﺳﻮﯾﺎ‬ ‫در‬ ‫ژاﭘﻮﻧﯿﮑﻮم‬ ‫رﯾﺰوﺑﯿﻮم‬ ‫ﺑﺮادي‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﻓﺴﻔﺎت‬ ‫ﮐﻨﻨﺪه‬ ‫ﺣﻞ‬ ‫ﻫﺎي‬ ‫ﺑﺎﮐﺘﺮي‬ ‫ﺑﺮﻫﻤﮑﻨﺶ‬
‫ﺷﺪﻧﺪ‬ ‫زﯾﺴﺘﯽ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮد‬ ‫اﻓﺰاﯾﺶ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻋﺚ‬ ‫ﻓﺴﻔﺎت‬ ‫ﮐﻨﻨﺪه‬ ‫ﺣﻞ‬ ‫ﻫﺎي‬.‫ﺑﺎ‬ ‫ﻧﯿﺰ‬ ‫دﯾﮕﺮ‬ ‫ﻣﺤﻘﻘﺎن‬ ‫ﺗﺤﻘﯿﻘﺎت‬ ‫از‬ ‫ﺣﺎﺻﻞ‬ ‫ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ‬
‫ﻧﺘ‬‫داﺷﺖ‬ ‫ﻣﻄﺎﺑﻘﺖ‬ ‫ﻓﻮق‬ ‫ﺎﯾﺞ‬)8.(‫در‬ ‫ﻫﻤﭽﻨﯿﻦ‬‫ﺑﯿﻦ‬‫ﮐﻮد‬ ‫ﺳﻄﻮح‬‫اﺣﺘﻤﺎل‬ ‫ﺳﻄﺢ‬ ‫در‬ ‫داري‬ ‫ﻣﻌﻨﯽ‬ ‫اﺧﺘﻼف‬ ‫ﻧﯿﺘﺮوژن‬
1%‫ﺷﺪ‬ ‫ﻣﺸﺎﻫﺪه‬ ‫زﯾﺴﺘﯽ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮد‬ ‫روي‬ ‫ﺑﺮ‬ ‫ﺗﺄﺛﯿﺮ‬ ‫ﻟﺤﺎظ‬ ‫از‬)‫ﺟﺪول‬1.(‫ﻣﯿﺰان‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻻﺗﺮﯾﻦ‬‫زﯾﺴﺘﯽ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮد‬‫ﻣﺮﺑﻮط‬
‫ﺗﯿﻤﺎر‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬161‫ﮐﯿﻠﻮﮔﺮم‬‫ﺑﺎ‬ ‫ﻫﮑﺘﺎر‬ ‫در‬ ‫ﻧﯿﺘﺮوژن‬7009‫ﻧﺴﺒﺖ‬ ‫ﮐﻪ‬ ‫ﻫﮑﺘﺎر‬ ‫در‬ ‫ﺗﻮده‬ ‫زﯾﺴﺖ‬ ‫ﮐﯿﻠﻮﮔﺮم‬‫ﺷﺎﻫﺪ‬ ‫ﺗﯿﻤﺎر‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬
‫ﺑﺎ‬6193‫اﻓﺰاﯾﺶ‬ ‫داراي‬ ‫ﻫﮑﺘﺎر‬ ‫در‬ ‫ﺗﻮده‬ ‫زﯾﺴﺖ‬ ‫ﮐﯿﻠﻮﮔﺮم‬65/11%‫ﺑﻮد‬.‫ﺷﺎﯾﺪ‬‫رﯾﺸﻪ‬ ‫ﮔﺴﺘﺮش‬ ‫ﺑﺎ‬ ‫ﻧﯿﺘﺮوژﻧﻪ‬ ‫ﮐﻮد‬
‫آن‬ ‫ﻋﻤﻖ‬ ‫اﻓﺰاﯾﺶ‬ ‫و‬‫ﺟﺬب‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻋﺚ‬ ‫ﮐﻪ‬ ‫ﺷﺪه‬ ‫رﺷﺪ‬ ‫ﻓﺼﻞ‬ ‫اﺑﺘﺪاي‬ ‫در‬ ‫ﺧﺼﻮص‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫رﯾﺸﻪ‬ ‫ﺷﺪن‬ ‫ﺗﺮ‬ ‫ﻓﺮاوان‬ ‫ﺳﺒﺐ‬ ‫ﻫﺎ‬
‫ﻧﺘﯿ‬ ‫در‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﺷﻮد‬ ‫ﻣﯽ‬ ‫ﮔﯿﺎه‬ ‫در‬ ‫ﺳﺎزي‬ ‫ﻣﺎده‬ ‫اﻓﺰاﯾﺶ‬ ‫و‬ ‫رﺷﺪ‬ ‫دوره‬ ‫در‬ ‫ﻣﻮاد‬ ‫ﺑﯿﺸﺘﺮ‬‫ﯾﺎﺑﺪ‬ ‫ﻣﯽ‬ ‫اﻓﺰاﯾﺶ‬ ‫ﺧﺸﮏ‬ ‫ﻣﺎده‬ ‫ﺠﻪ‬.
‫ژوﯾﺮوﺳﮑﯽ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﭼﻨﮓ‬)1978(‫ﻣﺼﺮف‬ ‫دﻧﺒﺎل‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬112،‫آﻓﺘﺎﺑﮕﺮدان‬ ‫آﺑﯽ‬ ‫زراﻋﺖ‬ ‫در‬ ‫ﻫﮑﺘﺎر‬ ‫در‬ ‫ﻧﯿﺘﺮوژن‬ ‫ﮐﯿﻠﻮﮔﺮم‬
‫ﺗﺎ‬ ‫را‬ ‫زﯾﺴﺘﯽ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮد‬ ‫اﻓﺰاﯾﺶ‬54%‫ﮐﺮدﻧﺪ‬ ‫ﮔﺰارش‬ ‫را‬.
‫ﺑﻮﺗﻪ‬ ‫ارﺗﻔﺎع‬
‫ارﺗﻔﺎع‬ ‫ﺻﻔﺖ‬ ‫ﺑﺮاي‬ ‫وارﯾﺎﻧﺲ‬ ‫ﺗﺠﺰﯾﻪ‬ ‫ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ‬‫ﺑﻮﺗﻪ‬‫ﻣﺤﺮك‬ ‫ﻫﺎي‬ ‫ﺑﺎﮐﺘﺮي‬ ‫ﺳﻄﻮح‬ ‫ﺑﯿﻦ‬ ‫در‬ ‫ﮐﻪ‬ ‫داد‬ ‫ﻧﺸﺎن‬
‫آﻣﺎري‬ ‫ﺳﻄﺢ‬ ‫در‬ ‫داري‬ ‫ﻣﻌﻨﯽ‬ ‫رﺷﺪاﺧﺘﻼف‬1%‫دارد‬ ‫وﺟﻮد‬)‫ﺟﺪول‬1.(‫داﻧﮑﻦ‬ ‫روش‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﯿﺎﻧﮕﯿﻦ‬ ‫ﻣﻘﺎﯾﺴﻪ‬ ‫در‬
‫ﺷﺪ‬ ‫ﻣﺸﺎﻫﺪه‬)‫ﺟﺪول‬2(‫رﺷﺪ‬ ‫ﻣﺤﺮك‬ ‫ﻫﺎي‬ ‫ﺑﺎﮐﺘﺮي‬ ‫ﻫﺎي‬ ‫ﮐﻮد‬ ‫ﺳﻄﻮح‬ ‫ﺑﯿﻦ‬ ‫در‬ ‫ﮐﻪ‬‫ارﺗﻔﺎع‬ ‫ﻣﯿﺰان‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻻﺗﺮﯾﻦ‬‫در‬

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‫ﺳﺎل‬ ،‫ﮐﺸﺎورزي‬ ‫ﻧﻮﯾﻦ‬ ‫ﻫﺎي‬ ‫ﯾﺎﻓﺘﻪ‬‫ﭘﻨﺠﻢ‬‫ﺷﻤﺎره‬ ،3،‫ﺑﻬﺎر‬1390 308
‫ﺗﯿﻤﺎر‬‫ﺗﻠﻔﯿﻘ‬ ‫ﮐﻮد‬‫ﯽ‬)‫ﻧﯿﺘﺮوﮐﺴﯿﻦ‬+‫ﺑﯿﻮﻓﺴﻔﺮ‬(‫ﺑﺎ‬47/17%‫ﺑﯿﺸﺘﺮﯾﻦ‬ ،‫ﺷﺎﻫﺪ‬ ‫ﺗﯿﻤﺎر‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﻧﺴﺒﺖ‬ ‫اﻓﺰاﯾﺶ‬‫ﺑﺎ‬ ‫ارﺗﻔﺎع‬
66/153‫ﻣﺘﺮ‬ ‫ﺳﺎﻧﺘﯽ‬‫آﻣﺪ‬ ‫دﺳﺖ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬‫ﺷﺎﻫﺪ‬ ‫ﺗﯿﻤﺎر‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﺮﺑﻮط‬ ‫ارﺗﻔﺎع‬ ‫ﻣﯿﺰان‬ ‫ﮐﻤﺘﺮﯾﻦ‬ ‫و‬)‫ﻣﺼﺮف‬ ‫ﺑﺪون‬(‫ﺑﺎ‬83/126
‫ﺑﻮد‬.‫ﻧﺎﺷﯽ‬ ‫ﺗﻮاﻧﺪ‬ ‫ﻣﯽ‬ ‫ارﺗﻔﺎع‬ ‫اﻓﺰاﯾﺶ‬‫از‬‫ﮔﯿﺎﻫﺎن‬ ‫رﯾﺸﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﺤﯿﻂ‬ ‫در‬ ‫زﯾﺴﺘﯽ‬ ‫ﻫﺎي‬ ‫ﮐﻮد‬ ‫ﮐﺎرﺑﺮد‬)‫راﯾﺰوﺳﻔﺮ‬(‫ﺗﺄﺛﯿﺮ‬
‫ﮔ‬ ‫ﮔﯿﺎه‬ ‫ارﺗﻔﺎع‬ ‫اﻓﺰاﯾﺶ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﻨﺠﺮ‬ ‫و‬ ‫اﺳﺖ‬ ‫داﺷﺘﻪ‬ ‫ﮔﯿﺎه‬ ‫رﺷﺪ‬ ‫ﺑﺮ‬ ‫ﻣﺜﺒﺘﯽ‬‫اﺳﺖ‬ ‫ﺮدﯾﺪه‬.‫ﻫﻤﮑﺎران‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﺳﻠﯿﻤﺎﻧﺰاده‬)2010(
‫ﺷﻮد‬ ‫ﻣﯽ‬ ‫آﻓﺘﺎﺑﮕﺮدان‬ ‫در‬ ‫ارﺗﻔﺎع‬ ‫اﻓﺰاﯾﺶ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻋﺚ‬ ‫ﻧﯿﺘﺮوژن‬ ‫ﮐﻮد‬ ‫ﺑﺎ‬ ‫ﻫﻤﺮاه‬ ‫ازﺗﻮﺑﺎﮐﺘﺮ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﮐﺘﺮي‬ ‫اﺳﺘﻔﺎده‬ ‫دادﻧﺪ‬ ‫ﻧﺸﺎن‬.
‫ﻫﻤﮑﺎران‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﭼﺎﻧﺪرﺳﮑﺎ‬)2005(‫ﺑﺎ‬ ‫ﻫﻤﺮاه‬ ‫ازوﺗﻮﺑﺎﮐﺘﺮ‬ ‫و‬ ‫آزوﺳﭙﯿﺮﯾﻠﻮم‬ ‫ﺑﺎ‬ ‫ﺗﻠﻘﯿﺢ‬ ‫اﺛﺮ‬ ‫ﺑﺮ‬ ‫را‬ ‫ارزن‬ ‫ارﺗﻔﺎع‬ ‫اﻓﺰاﯾﺶ‬
‫ﮔﺰارش‬ ‫اوره‬ ‫ﮐﺎرﺑﺮد‬‫ﮐﺮدﻧﺪ‬.‫ﻫﻤﮑﺎران‬ ‫و‬ ‫زﻫﯿﺮ‬)2000(‫اﻓﺰاﯾﺶ‬5/8%‫ﺑﺎ‬ ‫آن‬ ‫ﺑﺬر‬ ‫ﮐﻪ‬ ‫ذرت‬ ‫ﺑﻮﺗﻪ‬ ‫ارﺗﻔﺎع‬
‫ﮐﺮدﻧﺪ‬ ‫ﮔﺰارش‬ ‫را‬ ‫ﺑﻮد‬ ‫ﺷﺪه‬ ‫ﺗﻠﻘﯿﺢ‬ ‫ﺳﻮدوﻣﻮﻧﺎس‬ ‫و‬ ‫ازﺗﻮﺑﺎﮐﺘﺮ‬.‫ﻫﻤﮑﺎران‬ ‫و‬ ‫درزي‬)1385(‫روي‬ ‫ﺑﺮ‬ ‫آزﻣﺎﯾﺸﯽ‬ ‫در‬
‫دارد‬ ‫داري‬ ‫ﻣﻌﻨﯽ‬ ‫اﺛﺮ‬ ‫ﮔﯿﺎه‬ ‫ارﺗﻔﺎع‬ ‫ﺻﻔﺖ‬ ‫روي‬ ‫ﺑﺮ‬ ‫ﺑﯿﻮﻓﺴﻔﺎت‬ ‫زﯾﺴﺘﯽ‬ ‫ﮐﻮد‬ ‫ﮐﻪ‬ ‫ﮐﺮدﻧﺪ‬ ‫ﮔﺰارش‬ ‫رازﯾﺎﻧﻪ‬.‫ﻫﻤﭽﻨﯿﻦ‬
‫د‬‫ر‬‫ﺑﯿﻦ‬‫ﮐﻮد‬ ‫ﺳﻄﻮح‬‫آﻣﺎري‬ ‫ﺳﻄﺢ‬ ‫در‬ ‫داري‬ ‫ﻣﻌﻨﯽ‬ ‫اﺧﺘﻼف‬ ‫ﻧﯿﺘﺮوژن‬5%‫ﺷﺪ‬ ‫ﻣﺸﺎﻫﺪه‬)‫ﺟﺪول‬1.(‫ﻣﻘﺎﯾﺴﻪ‬ ‫ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ‬
‫داد‬ ‫ﻧﺸﺎن‬ ‫ﻣﯿﺎﻧﮕﯿﻦ‬)‫ﺟﺪول‬2(‫ارﺗﻔﺎع‬ ‫ﻣﯿﺰان‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻻﺗﺮﯾﻦ‬‫ﺑﻮﺗﻪ‬‫ﺗﯿﻤﺎر‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﺮﺑﻮط‬161‫ﮐﯿﻠﻮﮔﺮم‬‫ﺑﺎ‬ ‫ﻫﮑﺘﺎر‬ ‫در‬ ‫ﻧﯿﺘﺮوژن‬
41/152‫ﺳﺎﻧﺘﯽ‬‫ﺷﺎﻫﺪ‬ ‫ﺗﯿﻤﺎر‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﻧﺴﺒﺖ‬ ‫ﮐﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﺘﺮ‬)‫ﻣﺼﺮف‬ ‫ﺑﺪون‬(‫ﺑﺎ‬25/131‫ﺳﺎﻧﺘﯽ‬‫ﻣﺘ‬‫اﻓﺰاﯾﺶ‬ ‫داراي‬ ‫ﺮ‬5/14%‫ﺑﻮد‬.
‫ﺑ‬ ‫ارﺗﻔﺎع‬ ‫اﻓﺰاﯾﺶ‬ ‫اﯾﻦ‬ ‫ﮐﻪ‬ ‫ﮐﺮد‬ ‫ﮔﯿﺮي‬ ‫ﻧﺘﯿﺠﻪ‬ ‫ﺗﻮان‬ ‫ﻣﯽ‬‫ﻪ‬‫ﺳﻠﻮل‬ ‫ﻃﻮﻟﯽ‬ ‫رﺷﺪ‬ ‫روي‬ ‫ﻧﯿﺘﺮوژن‬ ‫ﮐﻮد‬ ‫ﺗﺄﺛﯿﺮ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﺖ‬‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﻫﺎ‬
‫ﺳﻠﻮل‬ ‫رﺷﺪ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﺳﻠﻮﻟﯽ‬ ‫ﺗﻘﺴﯿﻢ‬ ‫ﺳﺮﻋﺖ‬ ‫اﻓﺰاﯾﺶ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻋﺚ‬ ‫ﮐﻪ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬ ‫ﻣﯽ‬ ‫ﺳﺎﻗﻪ‬ ‫ﻫﺎي‬ ‫ﻣﯿﺎﻧﮕﺮه‬ ‫وﯾﮋه‬‫ﮔﺮدﯾﺪه‬ ‫ﺳﺎﻗﻪ‬ ‫ﻫﺎي‬
‫ﮐﻨﺪ‬ ‫ﻣﯽ‬ ‫ﭘﯿﺪا‬ ‫اﻓﺰاﯾﺶ‬ ‫ﺑﻮﺗﻪ‬ ‫ارﺗﻔﺎع‬ ‫ﻧﺘﯿﺠﻪ‬ ‫در‬ ‫و‬.‫ﻫﻤﭽﻨ‬‫اي‬ ‫ذﺧﯿﺮه‬ ‫ﻣﻮاد‬ ‫اﻓﺰاﯾﺶ‬ ‫ﻃﺮﯾﻖ‬ ‫از‬ ‫ﮔﯿﺎه‬ ‫زﯾﺎد‬ ‫ارﺗﻔﺎع‬ ‫ﯿﻦ‬
‫ﻣﻨﺠﺮ‬ ‫ﻃﺮﯾﻖ‬ ‫اﯾﻦ‬ ‫از‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﯾﺎﻓﺘﻪ‬ ‫اﻓﺰاﯾﺶ‬ ‫ﭘﺮورده‬ ‫ﻣﻮاد‬ ‫ﺗﺄﻣﯿﻦ‬ ‫داﻧﻪ‬ ‫ﺷﺪن‬ ‫ﭘﺮ‬ ‫دوره‬ ‫ﻃﻮل‬ ‫در‬ ‫ﮐﻪ‬ ‫ﮔﺮدد‬ ‫ﻣﯽ‬ ‫ﺳﺒﺐ‬ ،‫ﺳﺎﻗﻪ‬
‫ﺷﻮد‬ ‫ﻣﯽ‬ ‫داﻧﻪ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮد‬ ‫اﻓﺰاﯾﺶ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬)26.(
‫روﻏﻦ‬ ‫درﺻﺪ‬
‫ﻣﻬﻢ‬ ‫ﺻﻔﺖ‬ ‫اﯾﻦ‬‫ﻣﯽ‬ ‫آﻓﺘﺎﺑﮕﺮدان‬ ‫ﮔﯿﺎه‬ ‫ﺻﻔﺖ‬ ‫ﺗﺮﯾﻦ‬‫ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬‫و‬ ‫ﺗﻮﻟﯿﺪ‬ ‫در‬ ‫ﻣﻬﻤﯽ‬ ‫ﻧﻘﺶ‬ ‫و‬‫دارد‬ ‫آﻓﺘﺎﺑﮕﺮدان‬ ‫ﮔﯿﺎه‬ ‫اﻫﻤﯿﺖ‬.
‫ﺟﺪول‬ ‫در‬ ‫ﻧﯿﺰ‬ ‫ﺻﻔﺖ‬ ‫اﯾﻦ‬ ‫وارﯾﺎﻧﺲ‬ ‫ﺗﺠﺰﯾﻪ‬ ‫ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ‬1‫ﮐﻪ‬ ‫داد‬ ‫ﻧﺸﺎن‬‫رﺷﺪ‬ ‫ﻣﺤﺮك‬ ‫ﻫﺎي‬ ‫ﺑﺎﮐﺘﺮي‬ ‫ﻫﻤﮑﻨﺶ‬ ‫ﺑﺮ‬‫ﮐﻮد‬ ‫و‬
‫آﻣﺎري‬ ‫ﺳﻄﺢ‬ ‫در‬ ‫ﻧﯿﺘﺮوژن‬5%‫ﺑﻮد‬ ‫دار‬ ‫ﻣﻌﻨﯽ‬.‫ﻫﻤﺎن‬‫اﺳﺖ‬ ‫ﻣﺸﺨﺺ‬ ‫ﻣﯿﺎﻧﮕﯿﻦ‬ ‫ﻣﻘﺎﯾﺴﻪ‬ ‫ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ‬ ‫از‬ ‫ﮐﻪ‬ ‫ﻃﻮر‬)‫ﺟﺪول‬
2(‫رﺷﺪ‬ ‫ﻣﺤﺮك‬ ‫ﻫﺎي‬ ‫ﺑﺎﮐﺘﺮي‬ ‫ﺳﻄﻮح‬ ‫در‬ ‫ﺻﻔﺖ‬ ‫اﯾﻦ‬)‫ﻧﯿﺘﺮوﮐﺴﯿﻦ‬‫ﺑﯿﻮﻓﺴﻔﺮ‬ ‫و‬(‫اﻓﺰاﯾﻨﺪه‬ ‫روﻧﺪ‬ ‫ﯾﮏ‬ ‫داري‬‫را‬ ‫اي‬
‫ﺳﻄﺢ‬ ‫در‬ ‫اﻧﺘﻬﺎ‬ ‫در‬ ‫و‬ ‫داﺷﺘﻪ‬ ‫ﻧﯿﺘﺮوژن‬ ‫ﮐﻮدي‬ ‫ﺳﻄﻮح‬ ‫در‬161‫اﯾﻦ‬ ‫ﮐﻪ‬ ‫اﺳﺖ‬ ‫داﺷﺘﻪ‬ ‫را‬ ‫ﮐﺎﻫﺸﯽ‬ ‫روﻧﺪ‬ ‫ﯾﮏ‬ ‫ﮐﯿﻠﻮﮔﺮم‬
‫ﺷﻮد‬ ‫ﻣﯽ‬ ‫آﻓﺘﺎﺑﮕﺮدان‬ ‫در‬ ‫روﻏﻦ‬ ‫درﺻﺪ‬ ‫ﮐﺎﻫﺶ‬ ‫ﺳﺒﺐ‬ ‫ﻧﯿﺘﺮوژن‬ ‫ﮐﻮد‬ ‫ﺣﺪ‬ ‫از‬ ‫ﺑﯿﺶ‬ ‫اﻓﺰاﯾﺶ‬ ‫دﻫﺪ‬ ‫ﻣﯽ‬ ‫ﻧﺸﺎن‬.‫ﺗﯿﻤﺎر‬
‫ﺗﻠﻔﯿﻘﯽ‬ ‫ﮐﻮد‬)‫ﻧﯿﺘﺮوﮐﺴﯿﻦ‬+‫ﺑﯿﻮﻓﺴﻔﺮ‬(‫ر‬ ‫ﯾﮏ‬‫ﮐﻮدي‬ ‫ﺳﻄﻮح‬ ‫در‬ ‫ﺗﯿﻤﺎر‬ ‫ﺑﺮﺗﺮﯾﻦ‬ ‫و‬ ‫داﺷﺖ‬ ‫را‬ ‫ﺧﻮﺑﯽ‬ ‫وﻧﺪ‬54‫و‬
108‫ﺗﺮﺗﯿﺐ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﻘﺎدﯾﺮ‬ ‫ﺑﺎ‬ ‫ﻫﮑﺘﺎر‬ ‫در‬ ‫ﻧﯿﺘﺮوژن‬ ‫ﮐﯿﻠﻮﮔﺮم‬4/43‫و‬8/43%‫اﻓﺰاﯾﺶ‬ ‫ﺑﺮاي‬ ‫ﮐﻪ‬ ‫آﻣﺪ‬ ‫دﺳﺖ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫روﻏﻦ‬
‫ﺷﺪ‬ ‫داده‬ ‫ﺗﺸﺨﯿﺺ‬ ‫ﺗﯿﻤﺎر‬ ‫ﺑﺮﺗﺮﯾﻦ‬ ‫ﺻﻔﺖ‬ ‫اﯾﻦ‬.‫ﻫﺎي‬ ‫ﺑﺎﮐﺘﺮي‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﺷﺪه‬ ‫ﺗﻠﻘﯿﺢ‬ ‫ﺗﯿﻤﺎر‬ ‫در‬ ‫ﮐﻪ‬ ‫ﮔﺮﻓﺖ‬ ‫ﻧﺘﯿﺠﻪ‬ ‫ﺗﻮان‬ ‫ﻣﯽ‬
‫ﻧﺴﺒ‬ ‫روﻏﻦ‬ ‫درﺻﺪ‬ ‫رﺷﺪ‬ ‫ﻣﺤﺮك‬‫ﮐﻮد‬ ‫ﻣﯿﺰان‬ ‫اﻓﺰاﯾﺶ‬ ‫ﺑﺎ‬ ‫ﭼﻮن‬ ‫وﻟﯽ‬ ‫اﺳﺖ‬ ‫داﺷﺘﻪ‬ ‫اﻓﺰاﯾﺶ‬ ‫ﺷﺎﻫﺪ‬ ‫ﺗﯿﻤﺎر‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﺖ‬
‫از‬ ‫ﺗﻮاﻧﺪ‬ ‫ﻧﻤﯽ‬ ‫ﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﮐﺘﺮي‬ ‫ﺗﻮﺳﻂ‬ ‫روﻏﻦ‬ ‫درﺻﺪ‬ ‫ﻧﺎﭼﯿﺰ‬ ‫اﻓﺰاﯾﺶ‬ ‫اﯾﻦ‬ ،‫ﯾﺎﺑﺪ‬ ‫ﻣﯽ‬ ‫ﮐﺎﻫﺶ‬ ‫روﻏﻦ‬ ‫درﺻﺪ‬ ‫ﻧﯿﺘﺮوژن‬

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‫ﺳﺎل‬ ،‫ﮐﺸﺎورزي‬ ‫ﻧﻮﯾﻦ‬ ‫ﻫﺎي‬ ‫ﯾﺎﻓﺘﻪ‬‫ﭘﻨﺠﻢ‬‫ﺷﻤﺎره‬ ،3،‫ﺑﻬﺎر‬1390309
‫ﮐﻨﺪ‬ ‫ﺟﻠﻮﮔﯿﺮي‬ ‫ﻧﯿﺘﺮوژن‬ ‫ﮐﻮد‬ ‫ﺣﺪ‬ ‫از‬ ‫ﺑﯿﺶ‬ ‫اﻓﺰاﯾﺶ‬ ‫اﺛﺮ‬ ‫در‬ ‫روﻏﻦ‬ ‫درﺻﺪ‬ ‫ﮐﺎﻫﺶ‬.‫ﺧﻮاز‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﺷﻬﺎﺗﺎ‬)2003(
‫روﻏ‬ ‫درﺻﺪ‬ ‫دار‬ ‫ﻣﻌﻨﯽ‬ ‫اﻓﺰاﯾﺶ‬‫ﮐﺮدﻧﺪ‬ ‫ﮔﺰارش‬ ‫زﯾﺴﺘﯽ‬ ‫ﮐﻮدﻫﺎي‬ ‫ﮐﺎرﺑﺮد‬ ‫ﺑﺎ‬ ‫را‬ ‫آﻓﺘﺎﺑﮕﺮدان‬ ‫ﻦ‬.‫ﭼﺎﭘﻤﻦ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﺑﻼﻣﯽ‬
)1980(‫ﻫﻤﮑﺎران‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﮔﺎﺋﻮر‬ ‫و‬)1997(‫ﮐﻮد‬ ‫ﻣﺼﺮف‬ ‫ﺣﺪ‬ ‫از‬ ‫ﺑﯿﺶ‬ ‫اﻓﺰاﯾﺶ‬ ‫ﺑﺎ‬ ‫ﮐﻪ‬ ‫دادﻧﺪ‬ ‫ﺧﻮدﻧﺸﺎن‬ ‫ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ‬ ‫ﻃﯽ‬
‫ﯾﺎﺑﺪ‬ ‫ﻣﯽ‬ ‫ﮐﺎﻫﺶ‬ ‫داﻧﻪ‬ ‫روﻏﻦ‬ ‫درﺻﺪ‬ ‫ﻧﯿﺘﺮوژن‬.
‫ﭘﺮوﺗﺌﯿﻦ‬ ‫درﺻﺪ‬
‫ﻫ‬‫ﻤﺎن‬‫داد‬ ‫ﻧﺸﺎن‬ ‫وارﯾﺎﻧﺲ‬ ‫ﺗﺠﺰﯾﻪ‬ ‫ﺟﺪول‬ ‫ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ‬ ‫ﮐﻪ‬ ‫ﻃﻮر‬‫ﺑﯿﻦ‬ ‫داري‬ ‫ﻣﻌﻨﯽ‬ ‫ﺗﻔﺎوت‬ ‫ﮐﻪ‬‫رﺷﺪ‬ ‫ﻣﺤﺮك‬ ‫ﻫﺎي‬ ‫ﺑﺎﮐﺘﺮي‬
،‫اﯾﻦ‬ ‫ﺑﺮ‬ ‫ﻋﻼوه‬ ،‫ﻧﺪارد‬ ‫وﺟﻮد‬ ‫ﭘﺮوﺗﯿﺌﻦ‬ ‫ﺻﺪ‬ ‫در‬ ‫اﻓﺰاﯾﺶ‬ ‫ﺑﺮاي‬‫ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ‬ ‫ﺳﻄﻮح‬ ‫در‬ ‫ﻣﺘﻔﺎوﺗﯽ‬ ‫واﮐﻨﺶ‬ ‫ﻣﺬﮐﻮر‬ ‫ﺻﻔﺖ‬
‫داد‬ ‫ﻧﺸﺎن‬ ‫ﻧﯿﺘﺮوژن‬ ‫ﮐﻮد‬‫آﻣﺎري‬ ‫ﺳﻄﺢ‬ ‫در‬ ‫داري‬ ‫ﻣﻌﻨﯽ‬ ‫ﺗﺄﺛﯿﺮ‬ ‫داراي‬ ‫و‬1%‫ﺑﻮد‬)‫ﺟﺪول‬1(.‫ﻣﯿﺎﻧﮕﯿﻦ‬ ‫ﻣﻘﺎﯾﺴﻪ‬ ‫ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ‬
‫داد‬ ‫ﻧﺸﺎن‬)‫ﺟﺪول‬2(‫ﺑﺎ‬‫اﻓﺰاﯾﺶ‬‫ﯾﺎﺑﺪ‬ ‫ﻣﯽ‬ ‫اﻓﺰاﯾﺶ‬ ‫ﻧﯿﺰ‬ ‫داﻧﻪ‬ ‫ﭘﺮوﺗﺌﯿﻦ‬ ‫ﻣﻘﺪار‬ ‫ﻧﯿﺘﺮوژن‬ ‫ﮐﻮد‬ ‫ﻣﺼﺮف‬.‫ﺑﯿﻦ‬ ‫در‬
‫داﻧﻪ‬ ‫ﭘﺮوﺗﺌﯿﻦ‬ ‫ﻣﯿﺰان‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻻﺗﺮﯾﻦ‬ ‫ﻧﯿﺘﺮوژن‬ ‫ﮐﻮد‬ ‫ﺳﻄﻮح‬‫ﺳﻄﺢ‬ ‫در‬161‫ﻧﯿﺘﺮوژن‬ ‫ﮐﯿﻠﻮﮔﺮم‬‫ﻫﮑﺘﺎر‬ ‫در‬‫ﻣﻘﺪار‬ ‫ﺑﺎ‬
82/22%‫ﺑﺎ‬ ‫ﺷﺎﻫﺪ‬ ‫ﺳﻄﺢ‬ ‫در‬ ‫ﻣﻘﺪار‬ ‫ﮐﻤﺘﺮﯾﻦ‬ ‫و‬43/19%‫آﻣﺪ‬ ‫دﺳﺖ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬‫ﺗﯿﻤﺎر‬ ‫ﮐﺎرﺑﺮد‬ ‫دﻫﺪ‬ ‫ﻣﯽ‬ ‫ﻧﺸﺎن‬ ‫اﯾﻦ‬
161‫ﮐﯿﻠﻮﮔﺮم‬‫اﻓﺰاﯾﺶ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻋﺚ‬ ‫ﻫﮑﺘﺎر‬ ‫در‬ ‫ﻧﯿﺘﺮوژن‬86/14%‫اﺳﺖ‬ ‫ﺷﺪه‬ ‫ﺷﺎﻫﺪ‬ ‫ﺗﯿﻤﺎر‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﻧﺴﺒﺖ‬ ‫ﭘﺮوﺗﺌﯿﻦ‬.‫ﮔﻮدﯾﻨﮓ‬
‫ﻫﻤﮑﺎران‬ ‫و‬)1997(‫و‬ ‫اﺳﺖ‬ ‫ﻣﺘﻔﺎوت‬ ‫ﻧﯿﺘﺮوژن‬ ‫اﻧﺘﻘﺎل‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﺟﺬب‬ ‫در‬ ‫ارﻗﺎم‬ ‫ژﻧﺘﯿﮑﯽ‬ ‫ﭘﺘﺎﻧﺴﯿﻞ‬ ‫ﮐﻪ‬ ‫داﺷﺘﻨﺪ‬ ‫اﻇﻬﺎر‬
‫ﺧﻮاﻫﻨﺪ‬ ‫ﺑﯿﺸﺘﺮي‬ ‫داﻧﻪ‬ ‫ﭘﺮوﺗﺌﯿﻦ‬ ‫ﻣﯿﺰان‬ ،‫ﮐﻨﻨﺪ‬ ‫ﻣﻨﺘﻘﻞ‬ ‫داﻧﻪ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﺑﯿﺸﺘﺮي‬ ‫ﻧﯿﺘﺮوژن‬ ‫ﺑﺘﻮاﻧﻨﺪ‬ ‫ﮐﻪ‬ ‫ارﻗﺎﻣﯽ‬‫داﺷﺖ‬.‫ﻣﻌﻠﻮم‬
‫ﺷﺪ‬‫ه‬‫اﺳﺖ‬‫ﺷﻮد‬ ‫ﻣﯽ‬ ‫داﻧﻪ‬ ‫ﭘﺮوﺗﺌﯿﻦ‬ ‫اﻓﺰاﯾﺶ‬ ‫ﺳﺒﺐ‬ ‫ﻧﯿﺘﺮوژﻧﻪ‬ ‫ﮐﻮد‬ ‫دادن‬ ‫ﮐﻪ‬‫ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ‬ ‫ﺑﺎ‬ ‫ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ‬ ‫اﯾﻦ‬‫ﭘﮋوﻫﺸﮕﺮان‬‫زﯾﺎدي‬
‫ﺟﻤﻠﻪ‬ ‫از‬‫ﺑﻼﻣﯽ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﭼﺎﭘﻤﻦ‬)1980(،‫ﻫﻤﮑﺎران‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﺣﯿﺮﻣﺎس‬)1991(،‫ﻣﺎﻧﺘﯽ‬‫ﻫﻤﮑﺎران‬ ‫و‬)1975(‫و‬ ‫وق‬ ‫و‬
‫ﻫﻤﮑﺎران‬)1991(‫ﻣﻄﺎﺑﻘﺖ‬‫داﺷﺖ‬.‫از‬ ‫ﺣﺎﮐﯽ‬ ‫ﺗﺤﻘﯿﻖ‬ ‫اﯾﻦ‬ ‫ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ‬ ‫ﮐﻠﯽ‬ ‫ﻃﻮر‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬‫ﻫﺎي‬ ‫ﺑﺎﮐﺘﺮي‬ ‫ﮐﺎرﺑﺮد‬ ‫ﮐﻪ‬ ‫اﺳﺖ‬ ‫آن‬
‫ﺑﻬﺒﻮد‬ ‫در‬ ‫ﻧﯿﺘﺮوژن‬ ‫ﮐﻮد‬ ‫ﺑﺎ‬ ‫ﺗﻠﻔﯿﻖ‬ ‫ﺑﺎ‬ ‫ﯾﺎ‬ ‫ﺗﻨﻬﺎﯾﯽ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ،‫ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬ ‫ﻣﯽ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﮐﺘﺮﯾﺎﯾﯽ‬ ‫رﯾﺰﻣﻮﺟﻮدات‬ ‫ﺣﺎوي‬ ‫ﮐﻪ‬ ‫رﺷﺪ‬ ‫ﻣﺤﺮك‬
‫اﺳﺖ‬ ‫داﺷﺘﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﺜﺒﺘﯽ‬ ‫ﺗﺂﺛﯿﺮ‬ ،‫آﻓﺘﺎﺑﮕﺮدان‬ ‫ﮔﯿﺎه‬ ‫ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮد‬ ‫و‬ ‫رﺷﺪي‬ ‫ﻫﺎي‬ ‫وﯾﮋﮔﯽ‬.
‫ﺟﺪول‬1:،‫داﻧﻪ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮد‬ ‫وارﯾﺎﻧﺲ‬ ‫ﺗﺠﺰﯾﻪ‬،‫ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮدزﯾﺴﺘﯽ‬،‫ﺑﻮﺗﻪ‬ ‫ارﺗﻔﺎع‬‫روﻏ‬ ‫درﺻﺪ‬‫و‬ ‫ﻦ‬‫درﺻﺪ‬‫آﻓﺘﺎﺑﮕﺮدان‬ ‫در‬ ‫ﭘﺮوﺗﺌﯿﻦ‬
‫ﭘﺮوﺗﺌﯿﻦ‬ ‫درﺻﺪ‬ ‫روﻏﻦ‬ ‫درﺻﺪ‬ ‫ﺑﻮﺗﻪ‬ ‫ارﺗﻔﺎع‬ ‫ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮد‬‫زﯾﺴﺘﯽ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮد‬‫داﻧﻪ‬
‫درﺟﻪ‬
‫آزادي‬
‫ﺗﻐﯿﯿﺮات‬ ‫ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ‬
ns
476/0
ns
022/0
ns
333/25 15/463822 ns
172/743 ns
2 ‫ﺗﮑﺮار‬
ns
743/4
ns
686/18
**
055/1683 58/11147007
**
672/954067
**
3 ‫زﯾﺴﺘﯽ‬ ‫ﮐﻮد‬
**
857/25
ns
546/19
*
555/1000 74/3086578
* *
283/183002
*
3 ‫ﻧﯿﺘﺮوژن‬ ‫ﮐﻮد‬
ns
366/3
*
287/16
ns
203/382 50/1074477 ns
047/50456
ns
9 ‫زﯾﺴﺘﯿ‬‫ﻮ‬‫زﯾﺴﺘﯽ‬
160/5 573/7 244/257 86/611303 977/59265 30 ‫ﺧﻄﺎ‬
02/10 78/6 15/11 12/16 71/14 - ‫ﺗﻐﯿﯿﺮات‬ ‫ﺿﺮﯾﺐ‬(%)
n.s،*‫و‬**:‫ﻏﯿﺮ‬ ‫ﺗﺮﺗﯿﺐ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬‫درﺻﺪ‬ ‫ﯾﮏ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﭘﻨﺞ‬ ‫اﺣﺘﻤﺎل‬ ‫ﺳﻄﺢ‬ ‫در‬ ‫دار‬ ‫ﻣﻌﻨﯽ‬ ،‫دار‬ ‫ﻣﻌﻨﯽ‬

10. www.SID.ir
Archive of SID
‫ﺳﺎل‬ ،‫ﮐﺸﺎورزي‬ ‫ﻧﻮﯾﻦ‬ ‫ﻫﺎي‬ ‫ﯾﺎﻓﺘﻪ‬‫ﭘﻨﺠﻢ‬‫ﺷﻤﺎره‬ ،3،‫ﺑﻬﺎر‬1390 310
‫ﺟﺪول‬2:‫اﺛﺮات‬ ‫ﻣﯿﺎﻧﮕﯿﻦ‬ ‫ﻣﻘﺎﯾﺴﻪ‬‫ﮔﯿﺮي‬ ‫اﻧﺪازه‬ ‫ﻣﻮرد‬ ‫ﺻﻔﺎت‬ ‫روي‬ ‫ﺑﺮ‬ ‫آزﻣﺎﯾﺸﯽ‬ ‫ﺗﯿﻤﺎرﻫﺎي‬ ‫ﻣﺘﻘﺎﺑﻞ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﺳﺎده‬
‫درﺻﺪ‬
‫ﭘﺮوﺗﺌﯿﻦ‬(%)
‫درﺻﺪ‬
‫روﻏﻦ‬(%)
‫ارﺗﻔﺎع‬
‫ﺑﻮﺗﻪ‬)cm(
‫ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮد‬‫زﯾﺴﺘﯽ‬
)‫ﻫﮑﺘﺎر‬ ‫در‬ ‫ﮐﯿﻠﻮﮔﺮم‬(
‫ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮد‬‫داﻧﻪ‬
)‫ﻫﮑﺘﺎر‬ ‫در‬ ‫ﮐﯿﻠﻮﮔﺮم‬(
‫ﺗﯿﻤﺎر‬
‫زﯾﺴﺘﯽ‬ ‫ﮐﻮد‬
1/19 a 85/38 b b83/126 5840c c1850 ‫ﺷﺎﻫﺪ‬)‫ﮐﻮد‬ ‫ﺑﺪون‬(
98/20 a ab49/40 a58/149 7007ab ab2335 ‫ﻧﯿﺘﺮوﮐﺴﯿﻦ‬
16/20 a a70/41 a25/145 6452bc b2196 ‫ﺑﯿﻮﻓﺴﻔﺮ‬
8/21 a ab23/41 a66/153 7240a a2516 ‫ﺗﻠﻔﯿﻘﯽ‬)‫ﻧﯿﺘﺮوﮐﺴﯿﻦ‬‫و‬‫ﺑﯿﻮﻓﺴﻔﺮ‬(
‫ﻧﯿﺘﺮوژن‬ ‫ﮐﻮد‬
43/19 c b92/38 b25/131 6193b b2058 ‫ﺷﺎﻫﺪ‬)‫ﮐﻮد‬ ‫ﺑﺪون‬(
24/20 cb abc40/41 ab58/143 6565ab ab2218 54‫ﻧﯿﺘﺮوژن‬ ‫ﮐﯿﻠﻮﮔﺮم‬
33/21 ab a74/41 a08/148 6774ab ab2296 108‫ﻧﯿﺘﺮوژن‬ ‫ﮐﯿﻠﻮﮔﺮم‬
82/22 a ab22/40 a41/152 7009a a2351 161‫ﻧﯿﺘﺮوژن‬ ‫ﮐﯿﻠﻮﮔﺮم‬
‫زﯾﺴﺘﯿ‬ ‫ﮐﻮد‬‫ﻮ‬‫ﻧﯿﺘﺮوژن‬
19b d16/36 120d 5710e f1662 ‫ﺷﺎﻫﺪ‬)‫ﮐﻮد‬ ‫ﺑﺪون‬(
87/20 ab abcd26/40 08/122 d 5963de def1911 54‫ﻧﯿﺘﺮوژن‬ ‫ﮐﯿﻠﻮﮔﺮم‬
2/21 ab abc60/41 36/126 abcd 5639e e1795 108‫ﻧﯿﺘﺮوژن‬ ‫ﮐﯿﻠﻮﮔﺮم‬
87/22 ab cd40/37 66/130 cd 6051cd cdef2032 161‫ﻧﯿﺘﺮوژن‬ ‫ﮐﯿﻠﻮﮔﺮم‬
03/20 ab a93/42 132bcd 5931bcd bcd2212 ‫ﻧﯿﺘﺮوﮐﺴﯿﻦ‬
73/20 ab abcd40/39 33/152 abc 6612abcd bcd2337 ‫ﻧﯿﺘﺮوﮐﺴﯿﻦ‬‫و‬54‫ﻧﯿﺘﺮوژن‬ ‫ﮐﯿﻠﻮﮔﺮم‬
17/21 b abcd40/38 31/154 abc 7736a bcd2375 ‫ﻧﯿﺘﺮوﮐﺴﯿﻦ‬‫و‬108‫ﻧﯿﺘﺮوژن‬ ‫ﮐﯿﻠﻮﮔﺮم‬
27/22 ab abcd23/41 19/159 abc 7748a abc2416 ‫ﻧﯿﺘﺮوﮐﺴﯿﻦ‬‫و‬161‫ﻧﯿﺘﺮوژن‬ ‫ﮐﯿﻠﻮﮔﺮم‬
2/19 b cd76/39 66/139 abcd 5652de cde2044 ‫ﺑﯿﻮﻓﺴﻔﺮ‬
3/20 ab ab53/42 146abcd 6457abc bcd2108 ‫ﺑﯿﻮﻓﺴﻔﺮ‬‫و‬54‫ﻧﯿﺘﺮوژن‬ ‫ﮐﯿﻠﻮﮔﺮم‬
8/21 ab a16/43 10/150 abcd 6977abcd cdef2274 ‫ﺑﯿﻮﻓﺴﻔﺮ‬‫و‬108‫ﻧﯿﺘﺮوژن‬ ‫ﮐﯿﻠﻮﮔﺮم‬
43/22 ab abcd36/41 33/165 ab 6723abcd bcd2358 ‫ﺑﯿﻮﻓﺴﻔﺮ‬‫و‬161‫ﻧﯿﺘﺮوژن‬ ‫ﮐﯿﻠﻮﮔﺮم‬
5/19 ab cd83/36 33/169 a 7227ab bcd2316 ‫ﺗﻠﻔﯿﻘﯽ‬
73/21 ab a40/43 18/167 a 6619abcd bcd2350 ‫ﺗﻠﻔﯿﻘﯽ‬‫و‬54‫ﻧﯿﺘﺮوژن‬ ‫ﮐﯿﻠﻮﮔﺮم‬
23/22 ab a80/43 33/165 ab 7266ab ab2563 ‫ﺗﻠﻔﯿﻘﯽ‬‫و‬108‫ﻧﯿﺘﺮوژن‬ ‫ﮐﯿﻠﻮﮔﺮم‬
73/23 a cd90/40 168a 7848a a2837 ‫ﺗﻠﻔﯿﻘﯽ‬‫و‬161‫ﻧﯿﺘﺮوژن‬ ‫ﮐﯿﻠﻮﮔﺮم‬
،‫ﺳﺘﻮن‬ ‫ﻫﺮ‬ ‫در‬‫دارﻧﺪ‬ ‫درﺻﺪ‬ ‫ﭘﻨﺞ‬ ‫اﺣﺘﻤﺎل‬ ‫ﺳﻄﺢ‬ ‫در‬ ‫دار‬ ‫ﻣﻌﻨﯽ‬ ‫ﻣﺘﻔﺎوت‬ ‫ﺣﺮوف‬ ‫ﺑﺎ‬ ‫ﻫﺎي‬ ‫ﻣﯿﺎﻧﮕﯿﻦ‬
‫ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ‬
1-‫ع‬ ،‫آﺳﺘﺎراﯾﯽ‬.‫ﮐﻮﭼﮑﯽ‬ ‫و‬،‫ع‬.1375.‫ﭘﺎﯾﺪار‬ ‫ﮐﺸﺎورزي‬ ‫در‬ ‫زﯾﺴﺘﯽ‬ ‫ﮐﻮدﻫﺎي‬ ‫ﮐﺎرﺑﺮد‬.‫ﻣﺸﻬﺪ‬ ‫داﻧﺸﮕﺎﻫﯽ‬ ‫ﭼﻬﺎد‬ ‫اﻧﺘﺸﺎرات‬.
2-‫ل‬ ،‫ﭘﻮر‬ ‫راﺛﯽ‬.‫اﺻﻐﺮزاده‬ ‫ﻋﻠﯽ‬ ‫و‬،‫ن‬.1386.‫و‬ ‫ﻓﺴﻔﺎت‬ ‫ﮐﻨﻨﺪه‬ ‫ﺣﻞ‬ ‫ﻫﺎي‬ ‫ﺑﺎﮐﺘﺮي‬ ‫ﺑﺮﻫﻤﮑﻨﺶ‬Bradyrhizobium‫ﺑﺮ‬
‫ﺳﻮﯾﺎ‬ ‫در‬ ‫ﻏﺬاﯾﯽ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﺎﺻﺮ‬ ‫از‬ ‫ﺑﺮﺧﯽ‬ ‫ﺟﺬب‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﺑﻨﺪي‬ ‫ﻏﺪه‬ ،‫رﺷﺪ‬ ‫ﻫﺎي‬ ‫ﺷﺎﺧﺺ‬.‫ﻃﯿﻌﯽ‬ ‫ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﮐﺸﺎورزي‬ ‫ﻓﻨﻮن‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻮم‬ ‫ﻣﺠﻠﻪ‬.
40:53-65.

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‫ﺳﺎل‬ ،‫ﮐﺸﺎورزي‬ ‫ﻧﻮﯾﻦ‬ ‫ﻫﺎي‬ ‫ﯾﺎﻓﺘﻪ‬‫ﭘﻨﺠﻢ‬‫ﺷﻤﺎره‬ ،3،‫ﺑﻬﺎر‬1390311
3-‫اﻟﻒ‬ ،‫رﺧﺰادي‬.1387.‫و‬ ‫رﺷﺪ‬ ‫ﺑﺮ‬ ‫ﻣﺰورﯾﺰوﺑﯿﻮم‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﭘﺴﻮدوﻣﻮﻧﺎس‬ ،‫ازﺗﻮﺑﺎﮐﺘﺮ‬ ،‫آزوﺳﭙﯿﺮﯾﻠﻮم‬ ‫ﺗﻠﻘﯿﺢ‬ ‫ﻫﺎي‬ ‫ﻣﺎﯾﻪ‬ ‫اﺛﺮات‬ ‫ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ‬
‫ﻧﺨﻮد‬ ‫ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮد‬)Cicer arietium L..(‫زراﻋﺖ‬ ‫رﺷﺘﻪ‬ ‫دﮐﺘﺮي‬ ‫رﺳﺎﻟﻪ‬-‫زراﻋﯽ‬ ‫ﮔﯿﺎﻫﺎن‬ ‫ﻓﯿﺰﯾﻮﻟﻮژي‬.‫واﺣﺪ‬ ‫اﺳﻼﻣﯽ‬ ‫آزاد‬ ‫داﻧﺸﮕﺎه‬
‫ﺗﻬﺮان‬ ‫ﺗﺤﻘﯿﻘﺎت‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻮم‬.
4-‫م‬ ،‫درزي‬.‫ت‬.‫ا‬ ،‫ﻗﻼوﻧﺪ‬ ،.‫ف‬ ،‫رﺟﺎﻟﯽ‬ ،.‫وﺳﻔﯿﺪﮐﻦ‬،‫ف‬.1385.‫اﺟﺰاء‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮد‬ ‫ﺑﺮ‬ ‫زﯾﺴﺘﯽ‬ ‫ﮐﻮدﻫﺎي‬ ‫ﮐﺎرﺑﺮد‬ ‫ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ‬
‫رازﯾﺎﻧﻪ‬ ‫داروﯾﯽ‬ ‫ﮔﯿﺎه‬ ‫ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮد‬)Foeniculum vulgar Mill(‫اﯾﺮان‬ ‫ﻣﻌﻄﺮ‬ ‫و‬ ‫داروﯾﯽ‬ ‫ﮔﯿﺎﻫﺎن‬ ‫ﺗﺤﻘﯿﻘﺎت‬.22)4:(276-292.
5-‫ي‬ ،‫ﻋﺮﺷﯽ‬.‫ﺟﻌﻔﺮي‬ ‫و‬،‫م‬.1376.‫آﻓﺘﺎﺑﮕﺮدان‬ ‫ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ‬ ‫ﮔﺰارش‬.‫ﺑﺨﺶ‬ ،‫ﺑﺬر‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﻧﻬﺎل‬ ‫ﺗﻬﯿﻪ‬ ‫و‬ ‫اﺻﻼح‬ ‫ﻣﺆﺳﺴﻪ‬ ‫اﻧﺘﺸﺎرات‬
‫ﮐﺮج‬ ،‫روﻏﻨﯽ‬ ‫ﻫﺎي‬ ‫داﻧﻪ‬ ‫ﺗﺤﻘﯿﻘﺎت‬.
6-‫ا‬ ،‫ﻣﻌﻠﻢ‬.‫ح‬.‫زاده‬ ‫ﻋﺸﻘﯽ‬ ‫و‬،‫ح‬.‫ر‬.1386.‫زﯾﺴﺘﯽ‬ ‫ﮐﻮدﻫﺎي‬ ‫ﮐﺎرﺑﺮد‬:‫ﻣﺰﯾﺖ‬‫ﻣﺤﺪودﯾﺖ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﻫﺎ‬‫ﻫﺎ‬.‫دوﻣﯿﻦ‬ ‫ﻣﻘﺎﻻت‬ ‫ﺧﻼﺻﻪ‬
‫اﯾﺮان‬ ‫ﺷﻨﺎﺳﯽ‬ ‫ﺑﻮم‬ ‫ﻣﻠﯽ‬ ‫ﻫﻤﺎﯾﺶ‬.‫ص‬ ‫ﮔﺮﮔﺎن‬47.
7- Anjum, M. A ., Sajjad, M. R ., Akhtar, N., Qureshi, M. A., jami, A. R. and Hasan, M. 2007. Response
of Cotton to plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) inoculation under different levels of nitrogen.
journal of Agriculture Research, 45(2): 135-143.
8- Bauer, A. and Black, A. L. 1994. Quantification of the effect of soil organic matter content on soil
productivity. Soil Science of society of american Jornal, 58: 185-193.
9- Basu, M., Bhadoria, P. B. S. and Mahapatra, S. C. 2008. Growth, nitrogen fixation, yield and kernel
quality of peanut in response to lim, organic and inorganic fertilizer levels. Bioresource Technology. 99:
4675-4683.
10- Balnik, S. and Dey, B. K. 1982. Available phosphate content of and alluvial soil as influenced by
inoculation of some isolated phosphate . Solubilizing Microorganisms. Plant Soil69: 353-364.
11- Blamey, F. P. C. and Chapman, J. 1980. Protein, oil and energy yield of sunflower as affected by N and
P fertilization. Agron. j. 73: 583-587.
12- Boddy, R. M. and Dobereiner, J. 1994.Biological nitrogen fixation associated whith graminaceous
plants. Pp. 119-135 in:Azospirillum /plant association.Ee., Okon, Y., CRC
13- Bohlool, B. B., Ladha, J. K., Garrity, D. P. and Georg, T. 1992. Biological nitrogen fixation for
sustainable agriculture: a perspective. Plant Soil 141: 1-11.
14- Chandrasekar, B. R., Ambrose, G. and Jayabalan, N. 2005. Influence of biofertilizers and nitrogen
source level on the growth and yield of Echinochloa frumentacea (Roxb) Link. Journal of Agricultural
Technology. 1: 2.223-234.
15- Chang, S. F. and Zubriski, J. S. 1978. Effects of nitrogen fertilizer of produttion of irrigated Sunflower
.plant uptak of nitrogen, and on water use. Proc. 8th
Int. Sunflower conf., Minneapolis: 400-409.
16- Debaeke, P., Cabelgenn, M., Hilaire, A. and Raffaillac, D. 1998. Crop management system for rainfed
and irrigated sunflower (Helianthus annuus) in south-western France. J. Agric. Sci., Camb.131: 171-185..
17- Gagnon, B., Simard, R. R., Robitaille, R., Goulet, M. and Rioux, R. 1997. Effect of compost and
inorganic fertilizer on spring wheat growth and N uptake. Canadian Journal of soil Science, 77: 1369-1384
18- Hiremath, B. R., Biradar, D. P. and Hunshal, C. S. 1991. Effect of nitrogen and phosphorus on oil and
protein content of sunflower seeds. Orissa. J. Agric. Research. 4: 214-215.
19- Kader, M. A. 2002. Effects of Azotobacter inoculants on the yield nitrogen uptake by wheat. Journal of
Biological Sciences. 2: 259-261.
20- Khan, M . S. and Zaidi, A. 2007. Synergistic Effects of the Inoculation with Plant Growth-Promoting
Rhizobacteria and an Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungs on the performance of Wheat. Turkish Journal of
Agriculture and. 31: 35-362.
21- Mandel, A., Patra, A. K., Singh, D., Swarup, A. and Ebhin Masto, R. 2007. Effect of long-term
application of manure and fertilizer on biological and biochemical activities in soil during crops development
stages. Bioresource Technology. 98: 3585-3592.
22- Malavia, D. D., Dudhatara, M. G., Vyas, M. N. and Mathukia, R. K. 1998. Direct and residual effect
on farm yard manure, irrigation and fertilizer on rating season groundnut (Arachis hypogaea) summer pearl
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della Facolta di Agraria, Universita Degli Studi di Perugia. pp. 341-354.

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