2. Berlin
Berlin is the capital city of Germany and one of the
16 states of Germany
It is Germany's largest city and is the second most
populous city proper and the seventh most
populous urban area in the European Union
The nickname of Berlin is the “Grey City”
3. Geography
Berlin is situated in northeastern Germany
The river Spree flows through the city
It is part of the vast Northern European Plain that
stretches from northern France to western Russia
There are many lakes and forests around the city
4. History The earliest evidence of settlements in the area of
today's Berlin are a wooden beam dated from
approximately 1192
In 1539 city became the central site of German
Lutheranism
In theThirtyYears’War the city was devastated
In 1701, king Frederick I proclaimed Berlin as the
capital city of Prussian Kingdom
In 1806, French emperor Napoleon Bonaparte
conquered the city of Berlin
5. History The Industrial Revolution transformed Berlin during
the 19th century
The city's economy and population expanded
dramatically, and it became the main rail hub and
economic center of Germany
During the Weimar era, Berlin became
internationally renowned as a center of cultural
transformation
During WorldWar II, large parts of Berlin were
destroyed in the 1943–45 air raids and during the
Battle of Berlin
The victorious powers divided the city into four
sectors, analogous to the occupation zones into
which Germany was divided
6. History In 1948, the German Democratic Republic (GDR)
was founded
East Germany proclaimed East Berlin (described as
"Berlin") as its capital
On 13 August 1961, East Germany began the
building of the BerlinWall between East andWest
Berlin and similar barriers around West Berlin
The BerlinWall fell on 9 November 1989 and was
subsequently mostly demolished, with little of its
physical structure remaining today
On 3 October 1990, the two parts of Germany were
reunified as the Federal Republic of Germany, and
Berlin again became the official German capital
7. Population
As of 31 December 2011, the city-state of Berlin had
a population of 3.5 million registered inhabitants
In December 2010, 457,806 residents (13.5% of the
population) were of foreign nationality, originating
from 190 different countries
There are 101 061Turks in the city and 10 025
Croats
8. Transport A total of 979 bridges cross 197 kilometers of inner-
city waterways
5,334 kilometers of roads run through Berlin, of
which 73 kilometers are motorways (“Autobahn”)
Long-distance rail lines connect Berlin with all of
the major cities of Germany and with many cities in
neighboring European countries
Regional rail lines provide access to the surrounding
regions of Brandenburg and to the Baltic Sea
There are also two commercial airports in the city
The citizens of Berlin are more likely to use bike
than a car
9. Sport Berlin has established a high-profile reputation as a
host city of international sporting events
Berlin hosted the 1936 Olympics and was the host
city for the 2006 FIFAWorld Cup Final
The IAAF World Championships in Athletics were
held in the Olympiastadion in August 2009
The annual Berlin Marathon and the annual ÅF
Golden League event are also held here
The FIVBWorldTour has chosen an inner-city site
near Alexanderplatz to present a beach volleyball
Grand Slam every year
10. MainSights
Branderburg Gate
BerlinTVTower (Fernsehenturm)
Reichstag
Berlin Catherdral (Dom)
Alexanderplatz
Olympic Stadium
Section of BerlinWall
Memorial to the Murdered Jews of Europe